seven of the vessels arrived at Jamestown on the 16th of August; the other two, having both of the temporary governors on board, were thrown upon the Bermudas during a violent storm.

MITH, in their absence, justly claimed the authority of governor. But, in consequence of the bad character of most of the newcomers, total anarchy reigned for some time. At length, Smith was invited to assume that which had been denied to him—thus showing the natural propensity of men to establish a government for themselves, if none is imposed upon them. Smith

exerted himself to locate advantageously the emigrants, of whom two parties, of one hundred and twenty each, were settled at Nansemond, and at the falls of James River. Both, however, mismanaged their affairs, quarrelled with the Indians, and lost a number of their men. In returning from the latter place, Smith was severely wounded by the bursting of a bag of gunpowder, and when, in extreme torture, he arrived at home, he was told of plots formed against his life. Unable to struggle against so many difficulties, he returned to England, and never again visited the colony which was so much indebted to him, and yet so ungrateful. Posterity has done his memory justice. His commanding spirit, and the romantic incidents of his life, excite the interest of every reader of American history.

T the time Captain Smith left the colony, it was inhabited by five hundred persons, amply supplied with arms, provisions, cattle and implements of agriculture. These stores would have been sufficient under an efficient government. But the command was now entrusted to Mr. George Percy, a man of worth, but without the energy of Smith. The colony soon fell a victim to the demon anarchy. The provisions were quickly exhausted, and the Indians, whose hostility had only been awed by the known valor of Smith, now harassed the colonists by continual attacks, and all was commotion in consequence. To complete their misery, famine prevailed; and six months after Smith's departure, there only remained sixty persons alive at Jamestown. This period is known as "The Starving Time."

In this situation, the colonists were found by Newport and his colleagues, who arrived from the Bermudas in May, 1610, and they all determined to abandon the settlement. They embarked, and reached the mouth of the James river, where they met Lord Delaware, who had arrived with a considerable number of new settlers, a supply of provisions, and means

of defence and cultivation. He induced the dispirited ones to return to Jamestown, and a brighter prospect seemed before them.

Lord Delaware was well qualified for the position to which he had been. appointed. His high rank prevented the jealousy of the ambitious. His dignified manners, attention to business and his firm will secured the respect of the colonists and the friendship of the Indians.

Order being established, Somers was sent to the Bermudas for provisions, and Gates to England to report to the Company. But Lord Delaware was suddenly taken sick and compelled to return to England for the recovery of his health. He left Percy in command, and the same relaxation of discipline followed as had marked the former government of that gentleman. Fortunately, Sir Thomas Dale arrived, with men. and supplies, and took the government into his hands. He introduced martial law; a measure rendered necessary to quell the lawless spirits which had caused the disorder.

In August, Sir Thomas Gates arrived with six vessels, containing men and supplies for the colony. He succeeded Dale in the government, and continued to enforce martial law. On account of the increase in the number of the colonists, a subordinate settlement was formed further up the river, and called Henrico, in honor of the Prince of Wales.

A new charter was granted to the London Company in March, 1612. By this instrument, the dominions of the Company were enlarged and their authority over the colonists increased. Lotteries for their benefit were established in England, but soon abolished, when the House of Commons represented them as a public evil.

In this year (1612), an event occurred, which was attended with happy

results to the colony, although it was brought about by an act of treachery. This was the marriage of Pocahontas. A scarcity prevailing in Jamestown, Captain Argall was despatched to the Potomac for a cargo of corn. Here he enticed Pocahontas on board his vessel, hoping to induce Powhatan to ransom her with a large quantity of provisions. Despite the tears and entreaties of the young maiden, he conveyed her to Jamestown. Powhatan was indignant at this act of treachery, and rejected all idea of ransom; but offered, if his daughter was restored, to forgive the injury, and supply the wants of the colonists. During her residence in the settlement, Pochahontas had made such an impression on Mr. Rolfe, a young man of rank among the settlers, that he offered her his hand, and solicited the consent of Powhatan to the marriage. The old king acquiesced, and the ceremony was performed with great pomp. This event had a favorable effect upon the Indians, and a treaty was concluded with the Chickahominies, who, to be called Englishmen, agreed to assist the colonists in war and peace.

The subsequent fate of Pocahontas, the early and true friend of the English, will not be unimportant to those interested in the history of the colonists. Soon after her marriage, she accompanied her husband to England. Her reception is thus described by Salmon:

ING James's queen and court paid her the same honors that were due to a European lady of the same quality, after they were informed by Captain Smith what services she had done the English nation, and particularly how she had saved the captain's life, when his head was upon the block. But it seems before this princess married Mr. Rolfe, she had been given to understand that Captain Smith was dead; for he was the first man she had set her affections upon, and I make no doubt he had promised to marry her when he was in her father's court; for when he came to wait upon her, on her arrival in England, she appeared surprised, turned away from him with the utmost scorn and resentment, and it was some hours before she would be prevailed with to speak to him. She could not believe any man would have deceived her, for whom she had done so much and run so many hazards; and when she did vouchsafe to hear his excuses, she still reproached him with ingratitude. In all her behaviour, 't is said, she behaved herself with great decency and suitable to her quality, and mighty expectations there were of the future services she would have done the English, upon her return to her own country; but she was taken ill at Gravesend, as she was about to embark for Virginia, and died in that town, a very devout Christian, 't is said, leaving only one son, named Thomas Rolfe, whose posterity now flourish in Virginia, and enjoy lands descended to them as heirs of the Princess Pacahunta."

Hitherto, there had existed in the settlement a community of property. The evil consequences of this system had been made apparent. There was no incentive for individual exertion-the idle faring as well as the industrious. It was thus calculated that twenty men were required for what could easily have been done by three. Now in the first instance, a spot of ground and a month in the year were allowed to each; and, finally, private property being completely established, fifty acres were granted to such as were able to stock and cultivate them.

The company had been disappointed in their anticipations of the wealth. to be derived from Virginia. They had tried the search of gold, ironand precious stones, the raising of silk and wines, and the felling of woods; but in all, their scheme brought but little profit. Wealth suddenly flowed from another source. On the wild-meadows and river-banks grew