TABLE 13.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer I.)

1 The subject lay on the couch 57 minutes before the first period, because of change of gas-meters. The pulse-rate at 8h 20m a.m. was 60.

2 The subject sat on the ordinary seat with his feet on unsupported pedals, i. e., with the disk perfectly free. 3 The subject sat on the ergometer at 10h 12m a.m. with feet on the rest. The pulse-rate at 10h 25m a.m. was 64. The subject placed his feet on the pedals at 10h 25m a.m. He put his mouth to the mouthpiece at 10h 34m a.m. The pulse-rate at 10h 33m a.m. was 68; at 10h 35m a.m., 66; at 10h 38m a.m., 68. 4 The subject always took a very long time to settle down into his so-called resting position, as he was determined to keep his legs absolutely still during the actual period.

1 The subject lay down at 8 a.m.

The pulse-rate during the preliminary period was as follows: at 8h 18m a.m.,

68; at 8h 27m a.m., 66; at 8h 33m a.m., 68.

2 The subject sat on the ordinary seat with his feet on unsupported pedals, i. e., with the disk perfectly free. The subject complained that the ergometer did not quite suit him. His hands became stiff, and he found it a great strain to sit absolutely still for 14 to 15 minutes. He did not like the "free-wheel" effect.

TABLE 15.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food).

(Ergometer II.)

1 The subject lay down at 8h 05m a.m. The pulse-rate at 8h 25m a.m. was 62; at 8h 28m a.m., 60; at 8h 40m a.m., 60.

2 The subject sat on the ordinary seat with his feet on unsupported pedals, i. e., with the disk perfectly free. 3 From 9h 27m a.m. to 9h 39m a.m., the subject sat with feet resting on the forks. He then lowered his feet to the pedals. He found that sitting still in this position was a constant strain.

4 The subject began riding at 10h 37m a.m., the machine being driven by a motor. The belt slipped at 10h 52m a.m. The pulse-rate 15 seconds after the stopping of work due to the slipping of the belt was only 84. 5 Between the two "no-load" periods the average speed was 72 (?) per minute. Soon after the start of the period (75 seconds) the belt slipped off. The machine was stopped completely, the belt was replaced, and the machine restarted.

• Work was begun at 11 32m a.m. with the current at 1.5 amperes. Between 11h 32m a.m. and 11h 46m a.m. the average speed was 97 revolutions per minute.

7 Pulse-rate at the end of the period.

8 In the interval before this period, the subject rode at the average rate of 96 revolutions per minute.

NO-LOAD EXPERIMENTS.

These experiments (see tables 16 to 22 inclusive) were made to determine the metabolism incidental to revolving the pedals and other extraneous activity in riding the ergometer and the overcoming of the slight friction of the apparatus. The grouping includes both the experiments in which the motor was used to revolve the pedals, and those in which the motor was not used. In the motor experiments, the subject sat in the usual position for riding, but was supposed to exert no pressure upon the pedals, which were revolved by a small motor. Only ergometer II was used in this series of experiments. In the experiments without motor, the subject revolved the pedals, but no current was passed through the magnetizing field. Both ergometer I and ergometer II were used for these experiments.

The subjects found these "no-load" experiments irksome, and had considerable difficulty in maintaining an even rate of revolution without involuntarily regulating the motion of the pedals by "back-pedaling" or "racing." TABLE 16.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer I.)

1 The subject felt exhausted from the unseasonable heat. He lay down at 8h 05m a.m.

64.

The pulse-rate at

8h 05m a.m. was 76; at 8h 10m a.m., 68; at 8h 15m a.m., 66; at 8h 22m a.m., 8h 27m a.m., and 8h 33m a.m., 2 The subject began riding "no load" at 9h 44m a.m. Put mouth to the mouthpiece at 9b 59m a.m. The pulse-rate between 9h 46m a.m. and 10h 09m a.m. ranged from 82 to 86, the average being 84. The average speed during the preliminary period was about 76 revolutions per minute. The subject was driving the machine without resistance.

In the interval before this period the average speed was about 78 per minute. During the period the subject looked cool and not at all distressed. He lost the pedals once or twice. He began to look warm and perspiring toward the end of the period.

4 In the interval before this period the average speed was 82 per minute. The subject complained of saddle soreness due to the position. He felt the lack of toe-clips. Respiration was more rapid. Perspiration appeared in beads on his upper lip. There was no flushing, however.

TABLE 17.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer I.)

1 Approximate.

2 The subject sat on the ergometer at 9h 40m a.m. and began riding. The metronome was used, set at 60 per minute. The counter was not used. The pulse-rate averaged about 84 during the preliminary riding. 3 The subject rode very easily. He said the lack of resistance was rather disagreeable. Current was on at 10h 57m a.m. The pulse-rate during the preliminary work was 100, 104, and 106. The mouth was put to the mouthpiece at 11h 07m a.m. The work was comparatively easy. No marked perspiration or flushing. The subject, however, found it very hard after coasting.

4 The metronome was used, set at 60.

TABLE 18.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer II.)

1 The pulse-rate at 8b 35m a.m. was 64.

He rode

2 The machine was driven by motor. There was considerable strain on the subject's arms, and he complained at the end of the experiment that his arms were practically useless, particularly his wrists. the motor-driven machine between periods at practically the same speed as during the periods.

TABLE 19.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer II.)

1 The subject lay down at 8 a.m. The pulse-rate at 8h 28m a.m. was 62; at 8h 35m a.m., and 8h 40m a.m., 60. 2 The subject complained that he was very cold. There was question as to whether or not he had a chill, though the pulse did not indicate anything very serious.

The riding was like that of Feb. 13, the machine being driven by means of a motor. There was no evidence that the subject used his muscles to rotate the disk. The motor was started at 9.59 a.m. and the subject rode preliminary to the first period. Between the first and second "no-load" periods he rode at the average rate of about 90 revolutions per minute; between the second and third periods at the average rate of about 92 per minute; between the third and fourth periods at the average rate of about 97 per minute.

4 One record at the wrist.

5 The chain was slack during both the second and the third "no-load" periods.

The machine was driven by the subject, not by the motor.

7 Average of records taken at the wrist.

TABLE 20.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer II.)

1 The subject lay down at 8h 05m a.m. The pulse-rate at 8h 28m a.m., 8h 33m a.m., and 8h 36m a.m., was 62. 2 The motor to drive the machine was started at 9h 54m a.m. Preliminary to the first "no-load" period, the subject rode at the average rate of 94 revolutions per minute. The chain was slack during the period. 3 The chain was slack. The subject found this kind of experiment a tremendous strain on his hands and arms. The average speed in the interval before this period was 90 per minute.

4 The chain was slack. The average speed in the interval before the period was 93 revolutions per minute.

5 At 11h 14m a. m. the subject began riding without the motor drive. The average speed from 11h 14m a.m. to the beginning of the period at 11h 24m a.m. was 99 revolutions per minute.

6 The average speed in the interval before this period was 93 revolutions per minute.

TABLE 21.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer II.)

per minute. minute.

tory quotient.

age pulse

rate.

1 The machine was motor-driven. The subject began riding at 8h 18m a.m., and to the beginning of the period rode at the average rate of 99 revolutions per minute. The average pulse-rate during this preliminary period was 96.

2 In the interval before this period the average speed was 95 per minute. The subject lifted his body off the seat 3 times. (See note 6.)

3 In the interval before this period the average speed was 106 per minute.

During the period the pin holding

the handle bars was broken and the handle bars became loose. This seemed to cause the subject considerable trouble and annoyance.

4 At 10 a.m. work was begun with the current at 1.5 amperes. Between 10 a.m. and 10h 30m a.m. the average rate was 93 revolutions per minute. With the change the subject found the work extremely difficult. He could hardly believe he was working against the usual amount of resistance.

5 In the interval before this period the average speed was 78 per minute.

6 In the interval before this period the average speed was 89 per minute. The subject said the ergometer was not at all comfortable; the seat was too high. Another subject using the apparatus had failed to return the seat to the original height found comfortable for M. A. M.

TABLE 22.-Results with subject M. A. M. (without food). (Ergometer II.)

1 The subject lay down at 8h 05m a.m. The pulse-rate at 8h 25m a.m. was 62; at 8h 28m a.m., 60; at Sb 40m a.m., 60.

2 The subject sat on the ordinary seat with his feet on unsupported pedals, i. e., with the disk perfectly free. 3 From 9h 27m a.m. to 9h 39m a.m. the subject sat with feet resting on the forks. He then lowered his feet to the pedals. He found that sitting still in this position was a constant strain.

4 The subject began riding at 10h 37m a.m., the machine being driven by a motor. The belt slipped at 10h 52m a.m. The pulse-rate 15 seconds after the stopping of work due to the slipping of the belt was only 84. 5 Between the two "no-load" periods the average speed was 72 (?) per minute. Soon after the start of the period (75 seconds) the belt slipped off. The machine was stopped completely, the belt was replaced, and the machine restarted. Between 11h 32m a.m. and 11h 46m a.m.

6 Work was begun at 11h 32m a.m. with the current at 1.5 amperes.

the average speed was 97 revolutions per minute.

7 Pulse-rate at the end of the period.

8 In the interval before this period the subject rode at the average rate of 96 revolutions per minute.

WORK EXPERIMENTS.

These experiments were made under varying conditions of work, i. e., light, moderate, severe, and very severe, one experiment (that of March 15, 1912) being continued almost to the point of exhaustion. The currents through the magnetizing field for these experiments were respectively 0.9 ampere for ergometer I and 0.5, 0.95, 1.1, 1.25, and 1.5 amperes for ergometer II. The periods in many instances were but 10 minutes in length, but often covered 15 minutes; they were usually two or three in number. The experiments were arranged in series so that a comparison could be made of the working metabolism under different conditions. In some cases the light work preceded the severe work, which was again succeeded by light work. In others, the initial experiments were with severe work. The influence of diet upon the metabolism during muscular work was also studied in a few experiments. (See pages 31 and 88.) In most cases, the resting metabolism was determined for each experimental day before the work experiments began. The statistical data of the experiments are given in tables 23 to 90 inclusive.

1 The experiment on this day was a trial experiment with this subject while working on the ergometer. It should be noted that only the period lying before work was without food.

2 The subject had eaten a comparatively light meal since the conclusion of the first lying period.

3 It is not recorded how much work was done before or in the interval after this period. Sweat appeared on the brow at 1h 34m p.m.

Approximate. Only one record of speed was taken in each period.

1 The subject had spent the night in the bed calorimeter after a light supper. Before commencing this experiment he said he felt rather hungry and was troubled somewhat with cramps. He lay down at 8h 55m a.m. The pulse-rate at 9h 10 a.m. was 62; at 9h 20m a.m., 58; at 9h 25m a.m., 60.

2 Work was begun at 10h 40m a.m. The pulse-rate at 10h 44m a.m. was 104; at 10h 51m a.m., 120; at 10h 55m a.m., 122; at 10h 59m a.m., 126. Subject began breathing in the circuit of the respiration apparatus at 11 00 158 a.m., and the period was started but within 2 minutes the pulse-rate rose suddenly to 184. The subject collapsed, and could not retain the mouthpiece in his mouth. The pulse-rate at 11b 08 a.m. was 72; at 11h 20m a.m., 72.

3 Approximate. Only one record of the speed was taken, and that at 10h 45m a.m.