adversas. loqueretur. CCCCXXVII. 3. erectiorem. erectiore. ERECTIOREM. .. parcissime. CCCCXXXVI. 3. apud epistolas velim ut possim apud eoTLOTOV illas velim, ut apud eriopaλn vereor ut pos ibid. possint, advertas. loquere tu. sit adservari. loquitor ut. Lehm. C. F. Hermann. INTRODUCTION. I.-CICERO AND THE CIVIL WAR. § 1. CICERO, POMPEY, AND CAESAR. * CAESAR crossed the Rubicon about the 12th of January, and on the 13th occupied Ariminum. News of such a step flew fast, and we may well suppose that it traversed the 230 Roman miles of road to the capital in three days; so that early on the 16th (perhaps even on the 15th) the knowledge of Caesar's decisive step was known at Rome. A panic ensued, and the Senate at once decreed a tumultus. Caesar pushed on with his wonted rapidity, occupied Pisaurum, Fanum, and Ancona with separate cohorts during the next few days, and sent Antonius, with five cohorts, across the mountains to seize Arretium,† and Curio with three to occupy Iguvium, so that, by possession of the coast-road and of the fortress of Arretium, the march on Rome might be rendered possible. When news either of the actual occupation of these towns, or of Caesar's advance on them, which meant their certain capitulation, was known at Rome on the 17th, a meeting of the Senate was held, at which Pompey declared that he was unable to hold the city, and called on the magistrates and Caesariana celeritas, Att. xvi. 10, 1. + Caesar (B. C. i. 11, 4) represents these operations as having been effected after the failure of the negotiations between him and Pompey, which were conducted by L. Caesar. Cicero says expressly on the 27th of January (cp. 312, 2) that the senators left the city, cum Caesar Ariminum Pisaurum Anconam Arretium occupavisset. Caesar (i. 10, 3) appears to wish us to believe that for a considerable time Ariminum was the only one of the towns outside his province occupied by him. VOL. IV. |