290 WAGNER, P., experiments on practical observations on the Wanklyn, J. A., detection of alum note on Dr. C. Brown's paper taken at low water from the notes on the chemistry of tar- estimation of colour in, 133 temperature of greatest density Waters, analysis of one of the Trefriw mineral, 27 233 Watson, W. H., action of Nessler Index. Wehle, P., utilisation of the waste hydrochloric liquid from the ferro- and ferri-cyanides for Whitehouse, W., electric con- ductivity of glass, 265 decompose chlorophyll in Williams, J., milligrade thermo heat, 180 Witor, H. F., specific heats of the Witz, M. C., volumetric deter- preserving from fire and decay, 75 alum, 280 rational formulæ of morphine YEAST, alcoholic, 27 ZELLER, M., and A. Grete, Zöller, P., nutrition of fungi, CHEMICAL NEWS AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE. WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE "CHEMICAL GAZETTE. Journal of Practical Chemistry IN ALL ITS APPLICATIONS TO PHARMACY, ARTS, AND MANUFACTURES. EDITED BY WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S., &c. VOLUME XXXII.—1875. LONDON: PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE, BOY COURT, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. MDCCLXXV. THE CHEMICAL NEWS. VOLUME XXXII. EDITED BY WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S., &c. No. 814-FRIDAY, JULY 2, 1875. THE MONO CHARACTER OF ETHYLEN AND By S. E. PHILLIPS. OWING to inveterate preconceptions, it often happens that truth requires a constant reiteration. We have on many occasions referred to the mono character of these amines, and made a formal enunciation, in an enquiry as to certain morphia polymerides (CHEMICAL NEWS, vol. xxxi., p. 47). Dr. Wright, however, defends the position occupied by Hofmann, Odling, and others in the following terms: (CO)4H3N2O+HO. (CO) AeAcHN20+HO. potash salt, (CO)4AeAcHN2O+KO. Glyco-cyamine chloride, (C4H3O4)CyH5N2CI. chloro-platinate, (C4H3O4)CyH2N2Cl+PtCl2. (C4H102) CyH,N2Cl+PtCl2. Glyco-cyamidine As a rule, the maximum combining power of such bodies is usually equal to the number of N symbols in their rational formulæ, although a lesser acid-combining power may be sometimes manifested. Thus, be either monoquinine can M. Claus obtainsor di-acid; ethylendiamine and analogously-constituted bodies are di-acid (sometimes mono-acid also); the poly-ethylen triamines can be mono-, di-, or tri-acid, as can also rosanilin and its derivatives, or its homologues; the only poly-ethylen tetra-amines exhibit a maximum acid-combining power of four, and so on." As quinine is referred, we give the following, from Lowig: The sulphate, C40H2504N2O+SO3. acid sulphate, HO,SO3+C40H25O4N2O+SO3. platinate, C40H2504N2C1+PtCl2. The picture of sulphate of potash differs in no particular whatever! In both cases we have the sulphate, the acid sulphate (the di-, or double salt), and we may have the anhydrous di-salt of either quinine or potash. This really is not a question of what may be, but of what the facts actually are as derived from modern authorities holding the same views with Dr. Wright. It is in no way necessary to deny that rosanilin may be made to take up two or three atoms of acid, but I never saw it notated with more than one; and it is expressly stated to be "a monatomic triamine!" I have excluded, pro tem., di-pyridine and the morphia polymerides as possibly exceptional and fair subjects for enquiry; yet it is not a little curious that, as the morphia and di-morphia of Watts are both mono and normal, so, also, the same can be observed in the case of pyridine. The platina and platinosa pyridines of Reynolds have very complex notations, but they contain the following normal constituents : Platino-pyridine, CroH3H2PtNC1+PtCl. Glyci-diamine, (C6H5O2)H6N2C1+PtCl2. tri-amine, Cy6H-N3S+HS. 2 Mono Character of Ethylen and other Polyamines. Cyan-benzylamide is Cy3(C14H7)3H3N3. The tri-amine, Cy3(C14H7)3H4N3CI+PtCl2. Also a similar body, Cy3(C14H5)3H4N3C1+PtCl2. W. Pike has a recent research "On some Homologues of Oxaluric Acid." The substance of that paper is exceedingly good, but very much clouded by diatomic hypothesis and bizarre notation. He obtains analogues, rather than homologues, of oxaluric acid. Succino-carbamic acid, (CO)2C8H304H4N2O+HO (2). (CO)2(C8H3O4)H4N2O+KO. Metal salts, Citracon-sulpho-carbamic acid, CHEMICAL NEWS. CO2(C4H104) CyH5N3. Allantoin, Allantoin nitrate, The second is described as "the potash salt." I have alluded to the confusion and want of discrimina (1)tion in regard to chloro-acetic acid; I here give two or three illustrations, first premising the general statement that glycolic acid, digested with ammonia, gives a mixture of three or more bodies: (CS)2(C10H3O4) H4N2O+HO (3). Metal salts, Some of these are known in mono-saltic forms, and it is quite safe to infer the same character for all! The triamide is known as melamine nitrate, Cy3H-N3O+NO5; and a similar acetate and sulphate are given. In a study of urea derivatives, we have seen that the tribasic cyanurates are a misnomer and mistake; that they are in no sense ates, or true salts; and that, whenever they become amines, they evince mono characters, quite irrespective of the amount of condensation or of the number of N equivalents in the type. I hope, also, to have traced the true character and genesis of "uric acid." "If right in this, then my myko-melinic acid is the uric acid of the oxalyl series; and both ultimates, by an inverse reaction with 2HO, give corresponding pseudo-acid bodies: "Uric acid +2HO= 3 pseudo-uric acid, CO2(C6H1O6) CyH5N3. "Myko-melinic acid +2HO= the pseudo-acid, allantoin, CO2(C4H104) CyH5N3." I call this the pseudo-acid simply out of deference to modern usage, but, in truth, neither are acids at all; they are amides, and may have metal substitutions, but such are not true salts. Our meaning in this will be quite plain by a reference to the following "allantoin" derivatives, which I should notate as follows: Yet, despite such facts as these, we are taught that ethenyl is a triatomic radical, and that it has the equivalence, or replaces 3H, &c. Now, it is innocently said that chloracetic acid, with ammonia, gives three amidated acids; the first, called amido-acetic acid, or glycollamide (1), and that "amidotri-glycollic acid" is tribasic. The sad confusion, of which this is but a small specimen, in this direction is very pitiable. The silver-salt, so-called, is 'Di-glycollamide nitrate of silver" reveals the true mono character of the salt when such exists (C4H3O4)2H2NO+NO5 (-H5Ag). The hydrate or acid (C4H3O4)2H2NO+HO. The silver and copper salts of di-ethyliden-lactamidic acid are similar amide substitutions. Three remarks hereon: |