A pleuronectoid hybrid. —A curious flatfish was sent to Dr. K. E. H. Krause of Rostock, and has been noticed by him as hybrid between the plaice (Platessa vulgaris) and turbot (Rhombus maximus). No figures or descriptions are given to enable the reader to form an opinion for himself. -(Arch. ver. freunde naturg. Meckl., xxxv. 119.) T. G. [623 The bones of Lophius piscatorius. An article with this caption has been published by Robert MorThe bones of the skeleton are described in the sequence followed by Cuvier, but with Owen's nomenclature. The article is deficient in the clearness and precision which could only result from comparison with related forms. (Proc. trans. Nova Scot. inst., 5, 340.) T. G.

row.

[624

Fishes of Wisconsin.-A Catalogue of the coldblooded vertebrates of Wisconsin has been furnished by Dr. P. R. Hoy to the geological survey of the state. The classification of the first edition of Jordan's manual has been adopted, and a hundred and forty-two species are catalogued. The list is little more than a nominal one, and is replete with typographical errors. It is not evident, either, to what extent the identifications of species can be relied upon, although the author acknowledges "great obligations to Prof. David S. Jordan, as well as to the lamented Copeland, for valuable assistance in determining species." Dr. Hoy thinks that "Wisconsin has, perhaps, the best facilities for fish-culture of any state in the Union," as there are not less than 1,800 lakes,' covering some 1,400 square miles,' in the state.(Rep. geol. surv. Wisc., i. 427.) T. G. [625

Mammals.

Development of the lachrymal duct in mammals. Von Baer referred the development of the lachrymal canal to an evagination of the pharyngeal cavity; Burdach, to a fold in the skin starting from the corner of the eye. The first to assert that it arises as a groove between the upper jaw and external nasal process was Erdl, whose view was shortly after, but independently, advanced by Coste, and since has been widely accepted. Its accuracy became questionable when Born showed (Morph. jahrb., ii.) that the canal arises in amphibians, lizards, and chicks, as an ingrowth from the inner surface of the epidermis. The ingrowing band becomes subsequently constricted, surrounded by connective tissue, and hollowed out into a canal. Ewetzky (Arch. für augenheilk., viii.) found later the same mode of development in cattle.

E. Legal now reports his investigations on this theme, carried out principally on pigs, but also on mice and rabbits. The first indication of the lachrymal canal is at the time when the nasal pits communicate with the mouth by the primitive choanae, and the Jacobson's canal is well developed, while externally the so-called lachrymal furrow may be seen (pigs, 4.2 cm., extreme length). The epithelium of the lachrymal furrow is thicker than the rest of the epidermis, because there are one or two layers of cells between the basal cylinder and the superficial flat cells, which elsewhere alone constitute the epidermis. The inner surface of the epidermis of the furrow grows into a ridge, which begins at the opening of Jacobson's organ into the nasal cavity. The ridge grows higher, and finally separates from the skin, forming a rod, the separation becoming com

pleted soonest at the nasal end. The upper end of the rod is connected with the upper lid, but soon forms a stout branch, which grows towards, but does not reach, the lower lid of the eye. The details of the growth of the rod are fully entered into. The canalization begins late, and at the ocular end, and is effected by the separation of the central cells of the rod. (Morph. jahrb., viii. 353.) C. S. M. [626

Morphology of the mammalian germ.-The strange hypothesis is advanced by Repiachoff, that the impregnated ovum of mammals is a distinct individual, which divides into two individuals. One of the descendants only, Van Beneden's 'entodermatic' segmentation-sphere, grows up like a spore into the complete sexual individual. (This seems over-fanciful.)-(Zool. anz., vi. 65.) C. S. M. [627

Harder's glands in rodents. — Karnocki has recently made some studies upon the nature of these structures in rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats. In rabbits and hares, in contradistinction to all other rodents, the gland consists of two portions, -a superior (white) and an inferior (reddish gray) half, having a common duct. The latter opens near the free border of the eyelid, and, passing backward directly to the gland, divides, giving off many branches to each half. Within the gland the branching increases until the terminal vesicle is reached. The latter consists of proportionally long, broad, and repeatedly branched serpentine passages, with lateral expansions. There is no constriction of the gland proper at its juncture with the duct. This structure distinguishes the Harderian glands of rodents from true acinose glands, and brings them close to the pyloric and other similar glands. The contents of the glands consist of a protoplasmic stroma in which, in the red portion, large fat globules, but in the white portion only small globules, float. The globules in the red portion vary with the age and condition of the animal.

In guinea-pigs the gland corresponds to the red portion in rabbits. The duct is very small, and hard to find. The fat globules of the secretion are of more equal size than in the rabbit. The Harderian glands of rats contain a large quantity of a granular, red coloring-matter, which is not altered by alkalies or dilute acetic acid, but becomes bleached in dilute mineral acids. The red-colored secretion is confined to that portion of the gland outside the lumen, that within being colorless. It contains no large fat globules.

The remainder of the paper is devoted to the histology and embryology of the glands.

The author doubts if the glands of the corner of the eye in other groups of animals, hitherto described as Harderian glands, are in reality such. - (Proc. Cracow acad.; abstr. in Biol. central-blatt, ii. 709.) [628

F. W. T.

ANTHROPOLOGY.

India. - In a course of lectures delivered before the University of Cambridge, entitled 'India: what can it teach us?' published by Longmans, London, Max Müller points out some of the manifold lessons which India can teach all students of history, whether religious, political, or social.

The first is of a general and introductory character. The second is meant to remove some of the prejudices which Europeans often entertain against orientals, and, in particular, to show how groundless is the charge of untruthfulness brought against the natives of India. The third dwells on the study of Sanscrit, with regard both to its practical utility and its historical interest. A new chronological division of Sanscrit literature is put forward.

The author claims a high value for the ancient literature, both Vedic and Buddhistic, showing that some of the greatest problems of all times receive an unexpected light from a study of ancient Sanscrit literature. The two phases of human life and human thought presented to us by the Aryans of India on one side, and by the Aryans of Greece, Italy, and Germany, on the other, are contrasted.

The fourth lecture deals with a number of objections which have been raised against the claims of the Veda as the most ancient historical monument of the whole Aryan world.

In the fifth lecture some of the principal lessons which the Veda can teach are explained. The original character of the Vedic gods is discussed. They are divided into three classes,-gods of the earth, air, and sky.

The sixth lecture deals with the god of fire and of the air. Next follows a description of the gods of the highest heaven. The origin of solar myths is shown to be inevitable.

After an explanation of the manner in which the ancient literature of India was preserved by oral tradition, the last lecture is devoted to an analysis of the ancient Vedic religion into its three compound elements, a belief in the Devas, or the gods of nature; a belief in the Pitris, or the ancestors; and a belief in the Rita, or the law, order, and reason which underlie both the natural and the moral world.

The text of the seven lectures is followed by Notes and illustrations: 1. The treasures found at Mykenae, and their similarity to treasures found on the Oxus; 2. Names of the cat and the cat's eye; 3. Village estates; 4. Venial untruths, according to Indian views; 5. The Yueh-chi; 6. Some letters on Buddhism; 7. Renaissance of Sanscrit literature; S. Texts illustrative of the deluge in India; 9. Parganya in German; 10. The Pitris, or fathers; 11. Srâddhas, or ancestral worship.

In the note on the renaissance of Sanscrit literature, evidence has been collected in support of the author's theory that the whole of it, with the exception of the Vedic and Buddhistic, is later than the fourth century of our era. Kalidasa's plays are relegated to the sixth century, and the Laws of Manu are assigned to a date not earlier, and possibly much later, than the fourth century after Christ. [631

-H. W. H.

Iroquois. Under title of Legends, traditions, and laws of the Iroquois,' Eliah Johnson, a Tuscarora chief, engages in the very laudable attempt "to animate a kinder feeling between the white people and the Indians, established by a truer knowledge of our civil and domestic life, and of our capabilities for future elevation." It needs but a cursory examination to show that the manner in which the desired end is to be attained was by no means clear to the

writer's mind; and it is not probable that the book will have the success which the evident sincerity and earnestness that pervade it would seem to deserve. Some of the historical facts presented are interesting, and certain of the traditions are of value to the student of ethnology. Under the heading 'Creation' is an interesting Tuscarora tradition, treating of the beginning of the world, and the formation of the celebrated league.

Who were the Squawkihaws, Kah-Kwahs, and the Eries, has always been an enigma; and in answering that the three were formerly known as Squawkihaws, a remote branch of the Senecas, and speaking the same language, the author has done a service to all students who interest themselves in tribal nomenclature and relationships.

The tradition relating to the expulsion of the Squawkihaws, or, as they have been usually called, the Eries, is peculiarly interesting and important, inasmuch as it is stated with all desirable precision, that, after a hot pursuit by the Senecas, a considerable portion of the tribe succeeded in making their escape, and, as was supposed, disappeared in the Far West under a changed name, leaving a large number of prisoners to be adopted into the conquering tribe.

The Jesuit relations contain the generally accepted idea that the Eries were utterly exterminated, - one of the many instances where extermination, so called, really means a comparatively small number killed, and a large remnant incorporated into other tribes. The tribal name, indeed, is lost; but the individual members of the tribe live on under new tribal ties. -H. W. H. [632

The distribution of the Negritos.-M. A. de Quatrefages sends us, in pamphlet form, his paper, which appeared in vol. i. of the Revue d'ethnographie (111-161), upon the geographic distribution of the Negritos, and upon their identification with the Asiatic pygmies of Ctesias and Pliny. The author, like Crawford, Pickering, and many others, distinguishes two dark-skinned races in the Australasian and Malaysian area, the Papuans and the Negritos. The former are large, muscular, and have their crania dolichocephalic and hypsistenocephalic; the latter are short, plump, and brachycephalic or sub-brachycephalic (0.80 and upwards). A few words are devoted by M. de Quatrefages to the former; the bulk of the essay, to the latter. When the Spaniards began to colonize the Philippines, they met in the interior of Luzon, beside the Tagals, of Malay origin, black people, with woolly hair, short in stature, and living in the mountains, to whom they gave the name Negritos del monte. The local name was Aigtas (Aëtas), 'black.' Under diverse names they are found, either pure or mixed, in the midst of other peoples, from the south-east extremity of New Guinea to the Andaman Archipelago, and from the Sunda Island to Japan. M. de Quatrefages is acknowledged to be the most indefatigable anthropologist in France, and in this monograph, as well as in others relating to the same subject, has thrown much light upon the Negrito race. We must demur, however, to the a priori methods employed in the last part of the essay, wherein he adopts the pygmies of the classical writers. [633

J. W. P.

Voyages of Moncatch-Apé.-M. Le Page du Pratz, in his Histoire de la Louisiane, tells of a voyage made by Moncatch-Apé, a Yazoo Indian, up the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers, across the Rocky Mountains, and down the Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. He there ascertained the trend of the coast north-westward, and the existence of the peninsula of Alaska. From his narrative we also learn of white

men, bearded, and carrying fire-arms, not Europeans, coming annually to the mouth of the Columbia to procure dye-woods, and occasionally to carry off slaves. M. de Quatrefages revives this narrative with notes and comments, arriving at the following conclusions: 1. Neither when du Pratz was in Louisiana nor when he published his book was there sufficient geographical knowledge to invent the story told by MoncatchApé; 2. The voyage was really accomplished; 3. The truth of Moncatch-Apé relative to waters, productions, inhabitants, etc., renders his story about bearded white men plausible; 4. The agreement of his account of the bearded white men with that of Basil Hall and others, concerning the people of Loo Choo, leads to the presumption that they were speaking of the same people; 5. Therefore, anteriorly to the advent of Europeans, the mouth of the Columbia was visited by this people. It is best always to allow writers to speak for themselves, and to stand or fall on their own merit. But it does seem that the distinguished anthropologist is grasping at a straw. (Rev. d'anthrop., (2) iv. 593.) J. W. P. [634

The report of Professor Baird. Although all the matter of the Smithsonian annual report has been in the printer's hands a year, the preliminary portion, or report proper, has just appeared, and the volume, or appendix, still drags its slow length along.

Under the guardianship of the Smithsonian institution are to be found several quite distinct enterprises; such as the International scientific exchanges, the Museum of archeology, the National museum, the Fish commission, and the Bureau of ethnology. A full account of the operations in each of these departments will be found in the report of Professor Baird. Here we shall speak of anthropology only. During the year 1881, Mr. S. T. Walker explored Indian mounds and graves in Florida; Judge J. G. Henderson of Illinois completed his investigations of the mounds of that state; Mr. S. B. Evans and Mr. F. A. Ober conducted some explorations in Mexico; Mr. L. Guesde of Guadalupe sends a portfolio of beautiful water-color sketches of West-Indian polishedstone implements, with descriptions; Mr. Nelson adds to his already splendid collection of Esquimaux culture-objects. Mention is made of the following publications: Bransford's Antiquities of Nicaragua, the Annual report of 1880, and Vol. xxiii. of the Contributions to knowledge. The work of the ethnological bureau in 1881 included the explorations of Mr. Cushing, Col. Stevenson, Dr. E. Palmer, Mr. W. J. Taylor, Mr. S. T. Walker, Major Powell, Mr. Mendeleff, Mr. J. K. Hillers, Tichkematse, and George Tsaroff. -J. W. P.

[635

GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS.

National museum.

Invertebrate fossils of Brazil. — The museum has received from Museu nacional of Brazil, through Dr. Orville A. Derby, the first set of duplicates of the invertebrate fossils acquired during the recent geological exploration of that country. The collection comprises about seventy species of fossil gasteropods, the greater proportion of which are now being described for the first time, together with other invertebrates equally interesting.

Lectures upon materia medica. A course of eight lectures upon materia medica, based upon and illustrated by the collection in the national museum, will be delivered by Dr. D. Webster Prentiss. The course will open on the 7th of April, and be continued on consecutive Saturdays. Admission will be by ticket.

--

Naval bureau of ordnance.

Gunnery. A series of experiments has been commenced at the Naval experimental battery near Annapolis, Md., with the breech-loading steel rifle recently completed at the South Boston iron-works.

With a charge of 25 pounds of powder, and a projectile weighing 68 pounds, a muzzle-velocity of 1,996 feet per second has been attained, with a pressure in the bore of the gun of but 27,000 pounds per square inch. This gun has a calibre of six inches, a bore fifteen feet in length, and is capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 55,000 pounds per square inch. Considering the conditions of chamber-space (920 cubic inches), length of bore, and weight of projectile, the results are unsurpassed by any hitherto obtained abroad. - -J. M. R.

Annapolis, March 21.

Ordnance experiments. - The experiments with the new six-inch rifle have been continued this week by Lieut. Commander W. M. Folger, who is in charge

Contagious diseases of animals. - The subject of the prevention and cure of contagious diseases of animals has for many years been considered in this country. For a long time, extirpation was resorted to, and with good results; notably in the work of the commission appointed by the state of Massachusetts in 1860, which entirely succeeded in freeing that state of pleuro-pneumonia. Of late years, inoculation or vaccination has been employed with such success abroad, by Pasteur, that we are justified in anticipating the most beneficial results from the prosecution of his methods in this country. Pasteur has been engaged in efforts to establish some law, through the agency of which such diseases as pleuro-pneumonia, charbon, foot and mouth disease, and other diseases of domestic animals, could be controlled and cured. Dr. D. E. Salmon has been pursuing similar experiments under the direction of the department, though necessarily in a more limited way, and has met with such success that he has great faith in the result of the more elaborate and extensive experiments which he is about to undertake in the District of Columbia. Commissioner Loring has determined to place at the disposal of Dr. Salmon the necessary land, buildings, animals, and apparatus, to enable him to make the proper microscopical observations, and to carry on any experiments that will tend to establish some economical method by which our farmers or breeders may control the diseases of their animals. Dr. Sal

mon is of the opinion that such diseases as Texas fever, charbon, and pleuro-pneumonia, are the results of germs which he has found in his post-mortem examinations, and that it is possible to protect unaffected animals from these diseases by dilute inoculation.

The precautions which the government has taken to prevent the importation of infectious diseases from abroad, by the establishment of quarantine stations, are praiseworthy, and it is of the greatest importance that proper regulations relative to the transportation of infected cattle from place to place should be adopted; but it is manifestly of far greater importance to ascertain the laws which control the diseases themselves, and to discover some cheap and obtainable means by which the farmer can protect his herds when attacked.

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS.

Peabody museum of American archaeology, Cambridge, Mass. Stone graves of the Cumberland valley. — In what was formerly an extensive cemetery covering several acres, at Brentwood, Tenn., eighty graves which had not been disturbed were opened during explorations the past summer. These graves were made by placing slabs of stone edgewise, forming the sides and ends of the graves; and on these, other flat stones were placed after the body was deposited. The bottoms of these cists were sometimes lined with small stones, but oftener with large potsherds. In some instances the lining was probably of bark. In several of these graves, two or three, and even, in one instance, five bodies were buried. In two graves, besides the skeleton of the person for whom each grave was made, one or two bones were found. belonging to a second individual, in such positions as showed that they had been carefully placed in the grave. In one grave containing five skeletons, two of the three adult crania had persistent frontal sutures; and these were the only crania, in all the eighty graves, presenting this peculiarity. One adult skull had an extra suture, dividing the parietal of the left side into two nearly equal portions. This skull was also remarkable for the extreme occipital flattening, and great development of large Wormian bones; also for the absence of the two lateral incisors of the upper jaw, which, if they were ever present, must have been lost early in life, as all signs of the alveoli, or of wide gaps between the teeth, were obliterated. Many bones bearing evidence of simple inflammatory disease, but none of any specific taint, and several showing united fractures, were also found.

The pottery resembles in type that from the Missouri graves, but is, as a whole, of better finish. There were no large and coarse vessels in the graves, although the large fragments of thick pottery with which the bottoms of many graves were lined show that large vessels were made. The pottery from the stone graves consists principally of water-bottles of various shapes, small food-dishes, and bowls. Some of these are ornamented by incised lines, and others by designs in colors. Among the stone implements found were a large and finely polished celt of chert, several long chipped points with serrated edges, and a few arrow-heads, one of which was found embedded in a dorsal vertebra of the skeleton in the grave. Several implements and ornaments made of bone were obtained, among them two long bone pins with large, flat heads, both found close to skulls, suggesting that they were probably used for hair-ornaments; also a number of shell and terra-cotta beads, and a single carved disk of shell, resembling those previously found in the stone graves of the Cumber

land valley; together with a clay pipe having an ornamental bowl. Only eight pipes have previously been obtained in the several thousand graves which have been explored for the museum. Of these eight, three were of pottery, and the rest of different kinds of stone; one of the latter was elaborately carved, representing a man holding a cooking-pot which formed the bowl of the pipe.

An interesting discovery was made in the cemetery near the top of the hill, which at this place had gradually been gullied, and disclosed a mass of charcoal. On removing with a trowel all the earth about the charcoal, it proved to be the remains of burnt logs. A man was kept at work for several days following out the lines of charcoal and burnt clay; and after a time he succeeded in bringing to light, from under a few inches of clay, the charred floor-beams of a wooden structure of some sort, Within the enclosure formed by the charred logs were discovered a bed of ashes, a number of fragments of pottery, one perfect dish identical in character with those found in the stone graves near by; also a few burnt bones, two small discoidal stones, and two discoidal pieces of pottery. The logs had been supported by clay, which partly covered them, and thus prevented their total destruction when the building, of whose floor they formed a part, was destroyed by fire. About ten feet in length and five in width of this structure were traced, of which a drawing was made before any thing was disturbed. While stone graves were found on all sides, and within ten to twenty feet of the site of this structure, none were discovered under it; and there seems no reasonable doubt that these charred logs were the remains of a wooden structure of the period of the stone graves.

NOTES AND NEWS.

- In continuation of the work of establishing and verifying secondary meridians of longitude, Lieut.Commander F. M. Green, assisted by Lieut.-Commander C. H. Davis and Lieut. J. A. Norris, U.S.N., under the direction of the Bureau of navigation, has determined a chain of geographical positions, commencing at Madras, in British India, and extending through the China and Japan Seas to Vladivostok, in Siberia. The stations occupied were Vladivostok, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Shanghai, Amoy, Hong-Kong, Manila, Cape St. James, Singapore, and Madras.

In measuring differences of longitude, the method adopted was in all cases to establish portable observatories in each of the two places between which the measurement was to be made, connecting the observatories with the telegraph-offices by short lines; so that the two observers were in telegraphic communication with each other. The errors of the chronometers on local time were then determined by means of numerous star-transits, and the chronometers were compared by repeated telegraphic signals sent both ways over the cable. The latitudes were determined by zenith telescope observations of pairs of well-determined stars.

A full account of the work, with details of the observations and computations, has been prepared, and will be published by the U. S. navy department.

-The seventeenth annual course of lectures to mechanics at the Sheffield scientific school, New Haven, Conn., just completed, embraced the following subjects: The Luray caverns as seen by electric light, Rev. H. C. Hovey; The transit of Venus, Professor Newton; Modern fiction, Mr. Charles Dudley Warner; Photo-chemistry of the retina, Prof. R. H. Chittenden; The trades-unions of the middle ages, Professor Farnam; The history of Connecticut as illustrated in the names of its towns, Professor Franklin B. Dexter; Domestication of animals, Prof. W. H. Brewer; Heat and work (two lectures), Prof. A. Jay Du Bois; The Veda, Prof. W. D. Whitney; Facts illustrative of the Darwinian theory, Prof. A. E. Verrill; The agency of insects in the fertilization of flowers, Dr. E. H. Jenkins.

-The Woman's education association of Boston has made arrangements with Professor George L. Goodale and Dr. W. P. Wilson for a course of ten lectures upon the relation of plants and animals to food. The course is now in progress, on Tuesdays and Fridays, at 11 A.M., in the lecture-room of the Boston society of natural history, having begun on Tuesday, March 27.

- The American reports that the Virginia board of education has accepted the Griffin farm, near Petersburg, as the site for the Colored normal and collegiate institute, provided the city council of Petersburg will give five thousand dollars. The college building will be erected near the spot where the memorable 'crater' fight occurred during the war; and the amount appropriated by the legislature for the establishment of the school is one hundred thousand dollars.

-"It is expected," says Nature, "that the French government will take in hand the celebration of the centenary of the discovery of balloons. The two committees which had been formed by several aeronautic societies have been amalgamated, and M. Gaston Tissandier has been appointed president. The scheme of an international exhibition for balloons and instruments used in aerial investigations has been adopted by M. Herrisson, the minister of public works, and will be carried into effect by M. Armengaud Jeane, the well-known civil engineer.?'

A meeting of the U.S. naval institute was held at Annapolis, March 28, to consider the prize essay for 1883. The subject was, "How may the sphere of usefulness of naval officers be extended in time of peace with advantage to the country and the naval service?" The prize, consisting of a gold medal, one hundred dollars, and a life-membership, was awarded to Lieut. C. G. Calkins, while the essays of Commander N. H. Farquhar and Commander A. P. Cooke received honorable mention. The judges of the relative merits of the essays were Ex-Gov. Alexander H. Rice, RearAdmiral George H. Preble, and Judge Josiah G. Abbot.

ington, March 30, Mr. Newton P. Scudder read a paper on The length of the hatching-period of the domestic fowl, and was followed by Dr. Thomas Taylor, on Section-cutting and mounting of hard woods, and A new parasite in fowls, of the nature of Trichina; Prof. J. W. Chickering, jun., on Mount Kataadn; Prof. L. F. Ward, on Hybrid oaks of the District of Columbia. During the meeting there was an exhibition of specimens (limited to five minutes each), illustrating accidents to animals, by Mr. F. A. Lucas; the bones of the sea-cow (Rhytina), by Mr. F. W. True; another jumping-seed, Remarks on beefly larvae and their singular habits, A burrowing butterfly larva, - by Prof. C. V. Riley.

- Rev. R. W. Logan, missionary of the American board of missions at Ponape, Micronesia, states that the remains of buildings, etc., represented to be found at Ponape, are simply basaltic columns such as are found at Staffa. There is no mark of their having ever been used for buildings, and they bear neither inscriptions nor other sculptures.

-The third annual exhibition of the society of American taxidermists will be held in New York, opening to the public at Lyric Hall, 723 Sixth Avenue, on May 1, and continuing five days. The general meeting will also be held during the same week. Since the Boston exhibition, the society has nearly doubled its membership; and the exhibits entered for New York give promise of a very extensive and attractive display. Inasmuch as this organization has for its special aim the improvement of museum taxidermy, in which there is certainly wide room, its work is an important one, and of great interest to all who visit our American museums.

- The English national smoke-abatement institution is making arrangements for opening a permanent exhibition in a central part of London. It will be free to the public. A hall for the reading of papers and the instruction of classes will be provided; also testing-rooms for the continuation of the series of tests and trials commenced in connection with the South Kensington and Manchester smoke-abatement exhibition of 1882. Particulars may be obtained at the offices of the national smoke-abatement institution, 44 Berner's Street, Oxford Street, London, W.

-S. E. Cassino & Co. of Boston announce a revised translation of Haeckel's letters of Indian travel, by J. S. Kingsley; The history and uses of limestones and marbles, by S. M. Burnham; A handbook of entomology, by C. V. Riley; and Tables for the use of students and beginners in vegetable histology, by D. P. Penhallow.

-The treasurer of the Balfour memorial fund acknowledges the following subscriptions: Dr. R. H. Fitz, Harvard medical school, $10; Professor Asa Gray, Harvard, $5; Prof. H. P. Bowditch, Harvard medical school, $5; medical classes, '83, '84, '85, Univ. of Michigan, $23.25; previously acknowledged, $423.