Fattening different breeds of sheep. It is a well-known fact, that, in different breeds of the same species, the same fodder may produce very different effects. All experiments hitherto, however, have failed to show any notable differences of digestive power in such cases; and it would thus appear that the observed differences are due to the varying energy with which the constituents of the body are oxidized. In an experiment with two mature sheep, a southdown and a merino, on identical rations, from which identical amounts of the several nutrients were digested, Weiske found that the apparent gain of 'flesh' (nitrogenous matters) was greatest in the merino sheep; but this difference was somewhat more than covered by the greater growth of wool. So far as this single experiment proves any thing, it shows that not only the digestive powers, but also the proteid metabolism, of different breeds of sheep, are essentially the same, and indicates that the differences in the ease of fattening are due to differences in the rapidity with which non-nitrogenous substances are oxidized in the body. (Journ. landw., xxx. 385.) H. P. A. [652 Valuation of fodders. The commission appointed in Germany in 1878, to devise a uniform method for calculating the money-value of fodders from their chemical composition, held its fourth meeting at Eisenach, Sept. 17, 1882, a report of which is presented by Prof. J. König. An abstract was presented of papers published on the subject since the last meeting of the commission; and this was followed by a discussion of the results thus far attained. No final conclusions were arrived at; but it was recommended, that, in such computations, the same price be assumed for crude proteine and crude fat, and that the carbhydrates be estimated at one-fifth the price of proteine. It is expressly set forth that this is only a provisional decision, and further investigations and computations are called for. (Landw. jahrb., xi. 849.) H. P. A. [653 Testing milk. Jörgensen proposes to use the index of refraction of milk, or of whey prepared from the milk, as a test of purity, and asserts that it shows comparatively small variations, while even a small addition of water is plainly indicated. Chludsinski considers it necessary to determine the specific gravity of the whole milk and of the skim-milk, and the percentage of cream, in order to judge of the purity of a sample, and describes an instrument for this purpose, the specific gravity being determined by weighing a measured quantity of the fluid.-(Landw.jahrb., xi. 701, 835.) H. P. A. GEOLOGY. Meteorites. [654 The Bishopville meteorite. - Dr. M. E. Wadsworth stated that a microscopic examination showed that the Bishopville meteorite, which fell in March, 1843, was composed of enstatite, felspar, augite, olivine, pyrrhotite, and nickeliferous iron. The enstatite contained many glass inclusions of similar form to the enclosing mineral. Numerous glass inclusions were also seen in the felspar, and many in both minerals were bubble-bearing. Most of the Glass felspar showed the twinning of plagioclase. inclusions have always been regarded, when found in terrestrial rocks, as indicating igneous origin. The composition and structure of this crystalline stone is like that of the gabbro (norite) variety of basalt. While, according to common custom, the speaker might have proposed a new name for this, he preferred to call it a gabbro or basalt, in accordance with the principles announced in SCIENCE of March 9. Chladnite, he said, was not a pure enstatite, but a crystalline aggregate of enstatite, felspar, augite, and olivine. The well-marked glass inclusions and the structure of this stone had, according to the speaker, an important bearing upon the question of the origin of meteorites, and were in accord with his previously published views. (Bost. soc. nat. hist.; meeting April 4.) [655 METEOROLOGY. Aurora borealis. Herr H. Hansen's observations of the November (1882) auroral displays in Trondhjem, Norway, show that each continued an extraordinary length of time, especially during the week Nov. 12-18. Every night of this week the heavens were illuminated with the auroral light, while it was seen from 8 P.M. on the 17th till 6 A.M. of 18th. The most striking display occurred on the 18th, at 4.30 A.M., when a brilliant corona appeared in the zenith, from which vivid streams of light stretched to the horizon; while luminous waves flowed uninterruptedly from the latter towards the corona, diffusing so strong a light as to enable one with ease to read moderately clear print. — (Nature, Feb. 8.) [656 H. A. H. Polar research. - The French magnetic and meteorologic expedition to Cape Horn has taken up quarters at Orange Bay, Terra del Fuego, east side, lat. 55° 31' S. Observations began Sept. 26, 1882. The party found the climate mild, the temperature, up to the time of the report, ranging from freezing to 61°. - (Nature, Feb. 8.) H. A. H. [657 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Granular structure of glaciers. E. Hagenbach-Bischoff reviews the previous study of this question from Hugi to Klocke (Neues jahrb. miner., 1881, i. 23) and Forel (Arch. sc. phys. nat., 1882, vii. 329), and shows by optical and physical characters that each grain of a glacier is a single crystal of ice. The crystals stand with their axes in all positions, so that their contact surfaces form a very irregular network of polygonal planes. When the ice is broken at a temperature below its freezing-point, the subconchoidal fracture is independent of the crystals; but on melting, the crystals separate along their contact surfaces, as is shown by the planes of penetration of a colored liquid (soluble aniline blue is best). As has long been known, the grains are smallest in the névé, and largest at the end and bottom of the glacier, where one was found measuring 14, 12, and Forel has thought that this growth comes by the addition of infiltrating water, and that the motion of the glacier is thus aided; but this supposes that the ice is porous enough to allow water to enter, and requires a low internal temperature (for an annual increase of 0.043 cubic or 0.014 linear measure, the ice must average -7° C.). Hagenbach-Bischoff contends that certain crystals grow at the expense of their neighbors: as the expansion of a freezing icecrystal is greater along one axis than another, it follows that pressure will lower the melting-point by the greatest amount when directed along the axis of greatest expansion; consequently those crystals whose 9 cm. axes of least expansion are parallel to the direction of pressure will grow at the expense of the neighboring crystals, whose axes of greatest expansion are most nearly parallel to the pressure. Hence only certain crystals grow; the others decrease and disappear: as a result, all the former should have their axes parallel to one another, and to the average greatest pressure when they arrive at the lower end of the glacier. The author found thirteen out of fourteen samples taken from the grotto at the foot of the Rhone glacier to have their axes vertical; others have noticed the same predominance of vertical crystals at the lower end of the Grindelwald and the Aletsch glaciers. It is possible that both these modes of growth occur together. To determine this and other long-lasting mysteries of glacial phenomena, many more observations are needed on the internal temperature and constitution of glacial ice. -(Verh. naturf. gesellsch. Basel, 1882, vii. 192; Arch. sc. phys. nat., 1882, viii. 343.) W. M. D. [658 GEOGRAPHY. (South America.) Eastern Patagonia. The records have lately been found of an expedition into eastern Patagonia, between lats. 43° and 47°, made in 1877 by the late H. Durnford, an English ornithologist, who died in South America in 1878. Durnford was accompanied by Messrs. Griffiths and Jones from the Welsh colony near the mouth of the river Chupat (Chubut of Moreno), and made a distance of about three hundred miles to the south-west before turning back. Important observations were made on the position and size of several rivers - Sengel, Sengellen, and Chupat― and lakes, — Colguape (Coluhuape) and another equally large (later named Lake Musters by Moreno), besides many smaller salt lagoons, all shallow, and apparently much decreased from their former extent. The country was very monotonous, showing nearly everywhere the same barren sterility, occasionally relieved by a lagoon or gully containing water. Bare hills and slopes of sandy marl, and volcanic rocks of varied shape and color, from pale brick-red to black, formed the general surface. Sometimes the traveller's way led across deposits of soft, yielding dust, and again over hard, unbroken rock. The animal and plant life, wherever found, was stunted and dwarfed. Evidence of former marine submergence was found on the tableland in well-rounded pebbles, gigantic oyster-shells, and numerous fragments of smaller shells. The rivers are now sunk in many places several hundred feet below the plain, and flow between steep banks. Numerous cairns containing Indian skeletons were found on hilltops. They are carefully built of stone, the blocks often being of a considerable size. The route followed by Durnford's party was like that taken by Moyano in 1880.-(Proc. roy. geogr. soc., 1883, 84.) w. M. D. [659 Rio Pilcomayo.- A brief note furnished by Marguin, a member of Fontana's expedition in search of Crevaux, shows the Pilcomayo to be one of those newly established rivers on a very flat surface, with but little descent to its base-level of drainage. The exploration reached lat. 24° 40′ about one hundred miles from Asuncion, on the Paraguay; and, especially in the upper half of this distance, the river meandered very irregularly through a low forest-covered country, often interrupted by lagoons. Its banks were naturally raised about twelve feet by deposits of sand in five-inch strata, separated by thin layers of vegetable origin; and at time of flood the waters were thus divided into three parallel courses. As the water of the main channel subsided, the overflow drained back through breaches in the banks, having temporarily the appearance of affluents. The channel was often interrupted with snags, and bore signs of frequently changing its position to avoid the bars formed about them. The several neighboring streams (Rio del Fuego, Aguaray-Guazu, mboicae, Confuso del Sur), by which part of the Pilcomayo may have once been discharged into the Paraguay, are regarded as its former channels abandoned by these changes. Marguin recalls Padre Patiño, who attempted to ascend the river in 1721, but was forced back by the Indians on approaching lat. 23°; Van Nivel and Acha's attempt from Bolivia in 1844, which failed to pass a great lagoon at some point farther up stream than Patiño's goal; and, finally, Crevaux' party, which more nearly attained success than any of the others. - (Comptes rendus soc. géogr. Paris, 1883, 60.) W. M. D. [660 Antioquia. The narrative of a journey through this north-western province of Colombia, by Fr. v. Schenck, gives an entertaining account of its inhabitants and their condition. On the way inland from the northern seacoast, Schenck found the navigation of the Magdalena a difficult undertaking, from its numerous sandbars, and shifting, entangled channels. Below Magangué its valley is fairly cultivated; but farther up stream the forest wilderness is hardly broken for a long distance, and the towns named on the maps are represented by a few huts occupied by negroes and chinos, who supply the river-steamers with wood. This region is very warm and unhealthy. The ruins of a few chapels remain from the early times of Spanish occupation, but they have been long abandoned by the priests. Farther south, where the river forms the eastern boundary of Antioquia, which Schenck regards as the best province of the country, there is more clearing; the people are industrious, and of a much better morality than those of Spanish descent generally are, so that the traveller calls them Puritans. The road from Nare (about 150 met. elev.), on the Magdalena, westward to Medellin (1,480 met.), crosses two ranges that rise to 2,220 and 2,530 metres. An interesting description is given of Medellin, where the author found a curious mixture of civilized comforts with the makeshifts of an isolated region. An excursion was made northward, over a plateau, to the gold district of Santa Rosa de Oros, and beyond to the falls of the Guadalupe (lat. 6° 46′ N.), - the highest (250 met.) in Colombia, surpassing those of Tequendama (139 met.), near Bogotá, in the surrounding scenery as well as in height. The falls of the Guadalupe have also the advantage of being well seen from a neighboring point of view, where the stream is in sight from its upper placid flow, past the rapids to the cataract, which glides over a sloping, rocky surface to the gorge below. The climate of Antioquia is considered healthy, except in the low, warm valleys. In January and February the air is cool, and the sky clear. There are two rainy seasons, - in the north, from March to June, and from August to November; and in the south, from March to May, and from September to November. The rainfall thus seems to depend on the solar culmination; and the dry season, on the occupation of the country by the tradewinds. (Peterm. mitth., 1883.) W. M. D. BOTANY. Cryptogams. [661 The rot in European grape-vines. - Professor Millardet of Bordeaux, in a paper entitled 'Pourridié et Phylloxera,' explains how the attacks of the wellknown Phylloxera destroy the grape-vines in France. The insect produces larger swellings in the roots, which Millardet calls nodosities, and smaller swellings, which he calls tuberosities. The nodosities appear at any time from April to September, whilst the tuberosities are not found before August. The rotting of the roots is caused by the invasion of a fungus which enters through the cracks in the nodosities and tuberosities. According to Millardet, the fungus is what is known as Rhizomorpha subterranea when it occurs in the ground, and R. subcorticalis when it grows in the roots and stems. Hartig and others consider the fully developed form of the Rhizomorpha to be the toadstool (Agaricus melleus), which is common near Bordeaux, especially on oaks. The mycelium of this fungus makes its way into the soil of the vineyards from neighboring groves, and enters the roots of the vines which have been attacked by the Phylloxera, and produces a white rot, commonly known as pourridié. The writer concludes as follows: "It is beyond doubt, that the disease caused by Phylloxera predisposes to that of the rot. Should one say in these cases that the vine succumbs to the rot and not to the Phylloxera? Evidently not; since, without the Phylloxera, the rot would not have made its appearance." W. G. F. [662 Two curious fungi of the United States. The two genera Testicularia and Cycloderma were described by Klotzsch in 1832; but since that date botanists have been unable to recognize the two genera with certainty. Cooke now describes a new Cycloderma Ohiensis, and shows that the Milleria herbatica of Peck is the long-lost Testicularia cyperi of Klotzsch. (Grevillea, March, 1883.) w. G. F. [663 Bangiaceae of Naples.-The eighth monograph of the fauna and flora of the Bay of Naples comprises the Bangiaceae, by Dr. G. Berthold, and is of interest, since he now gives the details of the formation of the spores; these are formed by the action of antherozoids on the cells of the thallus, which can hardly be said to produce trichogynes, as is the case in all other Florideae, to which, however, the Bangiaceae apparently belong. -W. G. F. [664 Bacteria in fishes. — Olivier and Richet have examined 150 fishes of different genera and species, and find, in all cases, that there are microbes in the blood and lymph. They conclude, that, contrary to what is believed to be the case in other vertebrates, microbes occur normally in the fluids of fishes. (Comptes rendus, 1883.) W. G. F. Phenogams. suggestion that the insects which are found so abundantly in the pitchers of Sarracenia purpurea are first intoxicated by feeding on the pollen or nectar in its flowers, whence they fall into the leaves. (Amer. nat., March.) W. T. [667 Bee-flowers. -In his 'signs and seasons,' John Burroughs states that hepaticas are sometimes fragrant, sometimes scentless, the same being true of the arrow-leaved violet. Humblebees perforate flowers of the locust for their nectar, and hive-bees afterward make use of the openings. Rarely the honey-bee works upon the blossoms of trailing arbutus. In midsummer it reaps a harvest from the smooth sumach. It has also been observed on the white oak and skunk cabbage. (Century mag., March.) W. T. [668 New Passifloreae. The collection of Passifloreae made by M. André in Ecuador and New Granada in 1875 and 1876 has been worked up by Dr. Masters. It comprised nine species of Tacsonia and over thirty of Passiflora, half of which are new. The list is accompanied with numerous critical notes and with revised synonymy, as supplementary to Masters's monograph of the order in the Flora Brasiliensis,' and to Triana and Planchon's of the New Granada species, -all the more valuable for the unusual excellence of André's specimens, and his descriptive notes and careful analytical drawings from the living plants. (Journ. Linn. soc. Lond., Feb., 1883.) S. W. [670 ZOOLOGY. Mollusks. Disease in oysters. A new disease has recently appeared in the Rappahannock oysters, called, locally, 'the black spot.' A small black spot, imperceptible to a careless observer, appears upon the oyster, and shortly afterward death ensues. All around the spot the meat is good; but this, when bitten into, It is considered the proves bitter and nauseous. [665 most serious of the afflictions to which the mollusk is subject.-(Hopson's Sea world, March 15.) W. H. D. [671 Functional differentiation in stamens. — Fritz Müller adds Mollia, Sagerstroemia, and Heteranthera to the list of plants having two sets of stamens in each flower, one of which attracts insects, and supplies them with food, while the other serves for pollination by their aid. Experiments show that the crape-myrtle (Sagerstroemia), though self-sterile, is readily fertilized by pollen from either set of stamens of another variety grown in other gardens. The dull color of the longer stamens in the cases mentioned, and of the long stamens in short and mid-styled flowers of the trimorphic Lythrum, is explained as beneficial, as their lack of conspicuousness renders these unprotected stamens less liable to the depredations of pollen-eating insects than would otherwise be the case. As examples of plants whose stamens are differentiated into sets having different forms and offices, but without the color-contrasts found in most instances, a species of Cassia and Solanum rostratum are mentioned. (Nature, Feb. 15.) w. T. [666 Capture of prey in Sarracenia. — In a compilation on pitcher-plants, Mr. James makes the curious Venus mercenaria in Britain. — It appears from a note by Mr. F. P. Marrat, that Venus mercenaria L., our round clam or quahaug, has become naturalized in British waters. In 1869, Capt. I. H. Mortimer introduced this shell-fish into England, where specimens were put into the sea at Southport, at the mouth of the Mersey, and at Crosby, on the Lancashire coast. It is believed that an American, Mr. H. D. Brandeth, doing business at Liverpool, and residing at Hilbre Island, near the mouth of the Dee, deposited both this species and the American oyster in the waters adjacent to the island, four or five years ago. At all events, large numbers of the shells of the Venus have recently been found by collectors, cast up on the shores near Hilbre Island in such a manner as to indicate that this species has become fully acclimatized there. - W. H. D. [672 Insects. Innervation of the respiratory mechanism in insects. Dr. O. Langendorff denies Dönhoff's state ment that respiratory movements in insects cease after decapitation. Experiments on humble-bees, wasps, cock-chafers, and dragon-flies, show that these movements continue in the abdomen after removal of the head, and even of the thorax. Indeed, in some cases, sections of the abdomen of a dragon-fly, as small as one ring and a half, continued the rhythmical respiration. It is therefore evident that the nervecentre for respiration is not in the head. A decapitated cock-chafer breathed for an hour. Heat was found to increase the activity of respiration in mutilated, as in healthy individuals. Graphic illustrations are given of normal respiration, and compared with those obtained from decapitated specimens. (Archiv anat. phys., 1883, 80.) E. B. (Economic entomology.) [673 Nerve-endings in muscles.-The terminal ramifications in Rana are formed, according to Trinchese, of little disks, placed at more or less regular distances from one another, being separated by a homogeneous intermediate substance. From these (Kühne's) ramifications, on the side towards the muscles, run out numerous very fine filaments. The 'longitudinal striae' (fibrillae ?) of the muscle have a similar structure to that of the axis-cylinder, being formed of disks united by clear intermediate substance; and the disks are united by lateral filaments with one another. In the intercostal muscles of the boaconstrictor the motorplates are often subdivided into five or six parts, lying asunder, though connected by filaments. (Att. accad. lincei, 1882, 83.) C. S. M. [677 Motor-centres in the cerebral cortex. - As an appendix to an article on the irritability of the spinal cord, Schiff enters into a long discussion on the nature of the so-called 'motor centres' in the gray matter of certain convolutions of the cerebral hemispheres. The article is too long and too polemical to be briefly abstracted, but is well worth reading. Schiff points out, that, with the exception of Ferrier, all experimenters (even including Fritsch and Hitzig) have given up the belief that the irritable areas are the motor centres for voluntary movements, and account for the phenomena following stimulation in other ways. Schiff's own belief is, that the so-called motor areas are but reflex centres, in which, during the normal functioning of the body, tactile nervous impulses are reflected to the true and deeper-lying motor centres. —(Pflüg. archiv, xxx. 212.) [674 Food of Carabidae and Coccinellidae. - The view of the habits of the two principal predaceous families of Coleoptera, which is common among entomologists, is largely due to hasty generalization, based upon insufficient data. Observations of the food of these beetles have hitherto been left almost wholly to chance. Two years ago Prof. S. A. Forbes and Mr. F. M. Webster published the results of a series of careful investigations of this subject. This work has been continued by Prof. Forbes, who now gives the result of an examination of the contents of the stomachs of 175 specimens (representing 38 species and 28 genera) of Carabidae, and 38 specimens (7 species and 4 genera) of Coccinellidae. A great diversity of habits of the different genera appears. Thus no trace of vegetable food was found in Calosoma; in Galerita, from 6% to 12% of the food was vegetable; in Pterostichus, 20% to 25%; and in Harpalus, 87%. In the Carabidae as a whole, 57% of the food was vegetable, and 36% insects. In the Coccinellidae, 45% was spores of fungi, 14% pollen of grasses and Compositae, and 35% insects. -(Bull. Ill. state lab. nat. hist., No. 6, Jan., 1883.) Food of Wisconsin birds. Under the title 'Economic relations of Wisconsin birds,' Prof. F. H. King publishes notes on nearly three hundred species which occur in that state. This work is of especial interest to economic entomologists, as it contains the results of an examination, by a very careful worker, of the contents of the stomachs of over eighteen hundred birds. To the original observations are added notes from the publications of various ornithologists; so that a fairly complete résumé of what is known respecting the food of each of the species is given. (Wisc. geol. surv., i.) J. H. C. VERTEBRATES. J. H. C. [675 Motor-nerve endings.-W. Kühne has published two articles on this subject, having extended his observations to a considerable number of vertebrates. He gives descriptions of the manifold forms of the terminal ramifications of the axis-cylinder in various species. As the best method of bringing this axialbaum into a visible state while preserving its natural form, he recommends giving a minimum dose of curare, and then sending tetanic electric irritation through the nerve. After this treatment, the motorplates can be seen with surprising ease and distinctness. Particularly important is his new method of isolating the end-plates. Gold preparations are softened in slightly acidified glycerine until the muscular fibres can be pressed apart, which, being done, isolated terminal plates are found, showing the real arborization, which is quite different from the apparent arborization before isolation. The ramifications are composed of the axis-cylinder, and a sheath of Mammals. H. N. M. [678 · Col. The domestic animals of Camargue. Basserie gives some interesting facts regarding the domestic animals of this large, low-lying, and marshy island, which is situated at the mouth of the Rhone. The sheep, of the Rambouillet breed, are small and rough, but of peaceful disposition, and very vigorous. They furnish good meat and wool, which has long been esteemed in France for its length and fineness. The cattle are black, small, nervous, and very ener'getic. They live in the wild state in the great marshes of the island, and are absolutely of no value to the husbandmen; nor do they furnish a means of entertainment, as they did in the days when bull-fights were not prohibited. The horses, which, like the cattle, receive almost no care, and are constrained to feed upon the coarse vegetation of the marshes, and to endure great and sudden changes of temperature and thirst, are small and ill-appearing, having massive jaws, and large and prominent joints and ligaThey are, nevetherless, hardy, energetic, and subject to few diseases. In color they are light gray. ―(Bull. soc. agric., etc., de la Sarthe, xxviii. 521.) [679 ments. F. W. T. The nature of elephant's milk." According to the Moniteur scientifique, the milk of the elephant has a composition very closely allied to that of cow's milk. The globules of butter are large, transparent, and have sharply defined contours. The fatty matter has a clear yellow color. It is liquid at ordinary temperature, and solidifies at 18° C. below zero." (Revue scient., Jan. 13.) F. W. T. [680 ANTHROPOLOGY. American archeology in Europe. - Dr. Daniel G. Brinton called the attention of the Numismatic and antiquarian society of Philadelphia, on March 1, to the following facts, with reference to the studies of American prehistoric antiquity. The stone sculptures, first discovered by Dr. Habel and described in the Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, have been removed from Santa Lucia Cozumelhualpa, near Guatemala, to the Royal museum of Berlin. Prof. Adolph Bastian, director of the museum, has published a description of them in a quarto of thirty pages, with three full-page lithographic plates. Within the last year or two, Prof. Leon de Rosny has visited Madrid, Dresden, Basle, and other cities, to study the relics of American civilization. In Madrid he identified the continuation of the Manuscript Troano,' which he is now preparing for the press. Count Hyacinthe de Charencey has collected into an octavo volume of a hundred and ninety-five pages his essays on American philology and paleography. Dr. Hamy discusses the cross of Teotihuacau. The Marquis of Nadaillac has brought out a volume on prehistoric America; and Dr. Max Steffen gives us a monograph on the agriculture of the ancient American civilized peoples, the Aztecs, Mayas, Chibchas, and the Quichuas. The full titles of these works are given in the paper cited. -J. W. P. [681 The Mexican national museum. -It may not be known to all the readers of SCIENCE that the land of the Aztecs is no longer open to the indiscriminate plunder of relic-hunters. There is at the national capital a museum, rich especially in relics of ancient Mexican history. A quarterly report is issued, called Anales del museo nacional de Mexico, now in its third year, which is liberally circulated to libraries throughout the United States. Much of the space in this publication is devoted to archeology and decipherment of ancient inscriptions. The principal contributors are J. Sanchez, Gumesindo Mendoza, Orozco y Berra, and Sr. d. Jcazbalceta and Alfredo Chavero. Señor Chavero has for a long time been prosecuting his studies upon the ancient Mexican calendar; and Señor Mendoza has collected a large number of Nahua myths, which he is giving to the world. The anales is printed by Ignacio Escalante, No. 1, Bajos de San Agustin, Mexico.-J. W. P. [682 Anthropology of France. The study of the natural history of man is very similar to the science of geology. It is possible to select a certain epoch, say, the glacial, and trace over all the earth the evidences of its extent. We may seek to comprehend the succession of all the epochs throughout our planet; or, selecting a particular locality, the specialist may study minutely the exact order in which the various strata have manifested themselves there. The anthropologist now traces up the wanderings of the Celtic stock, now seeks to unravel the mystery of races, and finally, circumscribing his search to his own land, inquires how various stocks of men have succeeded one another in its borders. Such a work has M. Gustave Lagneau done for France. Various tentative efforts were made, and their results published in current French scientific journals. Finally his perfected labors found permanent utterance in the Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales, under the title Anthropologie de la France; and this has been separately printed by G. Masson, Paris. The subject is treated under two forms: 1. Ethnologie analytique, ou Étude spéciale de chacune des races ayant concouru à la formation de la population de la France; 2. Ethnologie synthétique, ou Étude générale de l'ensemble de la population de la France considérée Whole number of Indians Day-schools Boarding-school accommodations of uncivilized Day-school Average attendance Cost to government and religious societies 66 "vegetables raised. 259,632 34,662 73 105 4,903 5,299 5,569 $355,102 $141,276 14,532 12,713 17,200 9,315 14 199 8,528 1,043 4,596 $151,950 $8,089 29,600 |