WATER SUPPLY.

Major Sharpe says:

Fort Grant, Ariz.-"The water supply at Fort Grant, Ariz., if stored in a suitable reservoir, would be abundant, but under the existing system there is liable to be a famine every summer. The water is of good quality, and during the winter months comes down from the mountains in great quantity, frequently sweeping through the post in an inundating flood. Under the existing system of distribution, by means of 23 and 14 inch pipes, the full pressure available in case of fire is thrown into the boilers in use in the barracks. A system for reduction of this pressure has been recommended and estimated for by the post quartermaster, but disapproved by the department commander for error. Revised estimates are being prepared for further consideration. If this post is to be continued, the water system should be immediately improved, as recommended by the post quartermaster. Owing to the dryness of the climate, all wooden material becomes highly combustible, and fires which have occurred heretofore have all been very destructive. In case of high wind the entire post might easily be swept away.”

Fort Wingate, N. Mex.-"The water system at Fort Wingate, N. Mex., was found satisfactory, except that the pipes leading the water from the spring on the hill in the rear of the post are too small in diameter and are speedily clogged up, owing to a strong alkali or sedimentary deposit from the spring water, thus impeding the flow and reducing the pressure to a dangerous extent in case of fire. It is recommended that the pipes be replaced by pipes of a larger diameter."

Fort Duchesne, Utah.-"The water supply at Fort Duchesne, Utah, is abundant and of good quality. With an additional tank at the pumping station a sewer system could be put in, dispensing with the earth closets and the services of the scavenger and improving the sanitary condition and comfort of the post. As this garrison must be maintained for many years to come, being nearly 100 miles from the railroad and in the neighborhood of a large Indian tribe, the expenditure for a sewer system would doubtless prove in the long run to be a saving of money to the Government."

Fort Mackenzie, Wyo.-"The water supply at Fort Mackenzie, Wyo., is inadequate, and, at certain seasons of the year, of poor quality, being polluted by the irrigation of an alkali soil near its source, and also by the putrefaction of innumerable dead insects, grasshoppers, and frogs, which perish during the long dry season, and are carried into the pipes by the irrigating streams. The difference of level between the post and the intake is so slight as to afford practically no pressure, and the garrison is, therefore, devoid of fire protection. The site for the new quarters soon to be constructed is on a crest, which will raise the upper stories and roof nearly on a level with the intake, and, as strong winds usually prevail here at all seasons of the year, and especially at night, a fire originating in almost any building would probably sweep the entire post. The city of Sheridan, near by, which permits the use of its mains by the garrison, proposes to extend the pipe line about 3 miles farther up the slope, but there will still remain a space of about 2 miles between the new intake and the mouth of the canyon. Along the interval there lies considerable farm land and a bluish alkaline soil, which dissolves and pollutes the water, and in dry weather may diminish the volume. I did not have opportunity to inform myself as to the priority of appropriation along this stream, except from hearsay, but the whole system impresses one as most unbusinesslike and unsatisfactory. To be dependent on the friendly consideration or charitable donation of a neighbor for water is a condition which was doubtless intended by the Government as only temporary; and it is therefore unnecessary to say anything here as to the importance of constructing an independent pipe line and reservoir for the exclusive use of the garrison as soon as an allotment of funds can be made for the purpose. Meanwhile, as the city of Sheridan has reached the limit of its indebtedness, and is therefore unable to extend the line beyond the point already indicated, the Government should there take up the work and carry it on to the mouth of the canyon. This would locate the intake above the ditches, and about 500 feet above the garrison. At a point about 1 miles from the post, on a crest nearly 200 feet above the highest point in the garrison, and which has already been examined by the department commander, a reservoir should be located of sufficient capacity to insure a continuous stream for all the fire hydrants and irrigation ditches which the post may need. Until this work is done the garrison must remain without fire protection, without trees or vegetation, and the comfort and health of the command will be jeopardized during the dry hot season by foul water."

APPENDIX D.

CHINA RELIEF EXPEDITION.

REPORT OF MAJ. J. M. LEE, NINTH INFANTRY, ACTING INSPECTOR-GENERAL, TO THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF THE ARMY.

SIR: In compliance with paragraph 859, Army Regulations, I have the honor to report the following duties performed during the month of August, 1900, as acting inspector-general under the direction of Maj. Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, U. S. V., commanding China relief expedition.

I was detailed as acting inspector-general on the 31st July, 1900, and so announced in paragraph 2, General Orders, No. 4, of July 31, 1900, headquarters China relief expedition (copy of order herewith inclosed), and reported for such duty on August 1 following.

I was directed to investigate as to the efficiency and equipment of the various organizations then at Tientsin for field operations.

The organizations designated for such service consisted of 2 battalions of 8 large companies of Fourteenth Infantry; 3 battalions of 12 small companies of Ninth Infantry; 1 battalion of 5 small companies of First Regiment, U. S. Marine Corps; 1 light battery (F, Fifth Artillery, 6 guns, 3.2-inch), and detachments of the Signal and Engineer Corps and of the Medical Department, the whole aggregating an effective force, including the major-general commanding and his staff, of 80 officers and 2,300 enlisted men.

After vigorous preparation the forward movement with this force, in conjunction with the forces of the allied powers of Great Britain, Japan, Russia, and France, for the relief of the legations at Pekin, began August 4, 1900, from Tientsin.

My duties, being with the American column, consisted of frequent inspection and observation of the command as to the condition and supplies on the march and in camp, correcting irregularities, putting troops in camp, establishing outposts, and in carrying out the general and special instructions of the major-general conmanding. The character and scope of my duties as acting inspector-general may be best understood by brief reference to the itinerary of the march from Tientsin to Pekin, as follows:

August 4, 1900.-The American column marched from Tientsin at 4 p. m. to Siku Arsenal, about 5 miles north of Tientsin, and bivouacked on right bank of the Peiho (river), confronting the enemy at Peitsang.

August 5.-Broke bivouac at 2 a. m. to take part in turning enemy's right, following Japan and British forces, Japanese being in advance and their attack after several hours of fighting being entirely successful by noon. The American column was not engaged and suffered no casualties, though extreme advance subjected to some shell and shrapnel fire. This is known as battle of Peitsang. Command bivouacked near the town. Day's march, about 8 miles.

August 6.-Marched at 4 a. m., crossing to left bank Peiho on improvised boat or junk bridge built by Japanese. One company (G, Ninth Infantry) left as guard to bridge. Command advanced north in practically battle order about 12 miles toward enemy's reputed stronghold at Yangtsun. The battle opened about 10.45 a. m., soon became general, and continued until about 2 p. m., when enemy was driven from all fortified places and outlying villages.

Casualties in American forces: Killed, 7 enlisted men; died from heat, 2 enlisted men; wounded, 1 officer and 68 enlisted men, 88 per cent of the loss falling on the Fourteenth Infantry.

Many men were temporarily prostrated by the intense heat in the dense cornfields of great expanse, where advance was most difficult. The fire of the enemy was shell, shrapnel, and rifle.

August 7.-The command rested, drew rations, dead were buried, and 105 sick and wounded sent down river on boats to Tientsin.

August 8.-At 7 a. m. crossed river to right bank and marched 12 miles to Tsaitseun, where command bivouacked at noon, meeting no resistance. The position of the

198

American forces from Yangtsun forward was third in the column, the Japanese first, the Russians second, and the British fourth.

August 9.-Continued march to within 2 miles of Hoshiaon, 12 miles (Troop M, Sixth Cavalry, joined command here); on 10th passed through Hoshiaon (where one company, C, Ninth Infantry, was left as guard) to Tongtse, 13 miles, and on the 11th marched at 7 a. m. to Matowa, 3 miles, where 107 men least able to march were selected from command and left as guard. Resumed march at 5 p. m. and reached Chang-chia-wan at 9 p. m. Day's march, 12 miles.

Sunday, August 12.-Marched at 5 a. m. and reached Tung-chow at 11.30 a. m. This is a high walled and once populous city, and was occupied by the Japanese with but little, if any, resistance. Day's march, 9 miles.

August 13.-Following a reconnoissance by the major-general commanding, which left at 4.30 a. m. with the Fourteenth Infantry and the light battery, the remainder of the command marched at 6.30 p. m., leaving 100 marines on the line of communication at Tung-chow. The early part of night was inky dark, rain came on, and the guide lost his way. The command, delayed for an hour or more until road was found by the aid of lanterns and the rising moon about 9 p. m., marched until about 1.30 a. m. of August 14 and bivouacked within about 5 miles of the walls of Pekin. The night's march was about 8 miles.

The heavy firing heard during the night was found to be due to successful Russian attack on one of the gates of the Chinese city. On the morning of 14th two companies of Fourteenth Infantry scaled the walls and during day balance of command entered the city, and the legations were relieved.

The command had marched about 7 miles and bivouacked on outside of wall of Tartar City.

August 15.-At 7 a m. command moved to assault gates of Imperial City. After six hours of fighting, four gates were carried up to entrance of palace buildings. The command then withdrew to bivouac at same place as night before. At the battle of Pekin, August 14 and 15, the casualties were: Killed-Capt. Henry J. Reilly, Light Battery F, Fifth Artillery; 3 enlisted men, Fourteenth Infantry; 2 enlisted men, Ninth Infantry. Wounded-Lieut. Smetley D. Butler, United States Marine Corps; 28 enlisted men, Fourteenth Infantry; 3 enlisted men, Ninth Infantry.

August 16.-Broke bivouac at 7 a. m. and went into camp 12 miles to south, at Temple of Agriculture.

August 17 to 31.—The greater part of command on duty in assigned sections of city, to restore peace and order and to protect property.

I visited these sections almost daily to observe and report upon conditions, and found the duties generally efficiently performed.

I investigated rape case by United States marine, for which man was tried and sentenced to twenty years' confinement.

Inspected an investigation as to necessary supplies for command, to be purchased for command from Chinese in city.

On August 23 investigated case of an officer, Ninth Infantry, reported for inefficiency, and submitted report thereon.

On August 25 and 26 visited various places in portion of city occupied by American forces to find suitable places to quarter troops, but beyond necessary provost duty none deemed advisable for permanent occupancy.

Sunday, August 26, two Sikhs, British soldiers of Twenty-fourth India Regiment, killed by patrol of two men of Fourteenth Infantry upon attempting to escape arrest after having been engaged in assault and robbery of Chinese woman in American section Chinese city. Case investigated. American soldiers subsequently tried by general court-martial and acquitted.

August 28.-A representation force of all American organizations, with similar representation of the allies, formally entered the palaces of the Imperial City.

The march from Tientsin to Pekin was necessarily one of unusual hardship, the heat was so intense, and the exigency so great of what may be termed forced marches, that at times from 25 to 33 per cent of the command was temporarily prostrated, but there was ready response under the trying conditions within the limits of physical endurance.

The transportation was limited to 19 4-mule wagons, which came from Manila with the Ninth Infantry, supplemented by 50 pack mules. In addition to this 8 Chinese coolie litter bearers were employed for each company, besides from 8 to 12 burden bearers of same kind to carry extra rations, cooking utensils, etc.

Though unmilitary in appearance this help proved indispensable to the comfort of the command.

Reserve supplies of rations, etc., were brought by lighters or junk boats up the Peiho poled and pulled by coolies.

From these boats supplies were drawn by the wagon and pack trains as needed from time to time and issued to the command on the march. At no time was the command without rations, and the credit of this desirable result was mainly due to the indefatigable energy and unsurpassed administrative ability of Capt. Frank De W. Ramsey, Ninth Infantry, acting chief commissary and quartermaster of the expedition.

In concluding this report, which is not intended to be one comprehending the operations of the expedition, it is deemed pertinent to remark that notwithstanding defects, in the main unavoidable, the American soldier compared quite favorably with the forces of the allies; but it must be said that the Japanese soldier stands par excellence in every military attribute; his equipment was uniform, complete, and perfect and his conduct superb while in camp, on the march, or in battle.

It is not too much to say that the heroic little Japanese soldier won the respect, admiration, and affection of his American comrade on this historic relief expedition. EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF CAPT. GROTE HUTCHESON, SIXTH CAVALRY, ACTING INSPECTOR-GENERAL.

* * * I have the honor to submit the following report of an inspection of the troops stationed at Camp Reilly, Pekin, China, made February 11-16, 1901. This was the first annual inspection contemplated under paragraph 867, Army Regulations. The camp was established on August 16, 1900, immediately following the entry of the United States troops into Pekin, and comprises several distinct and separate commands, although all are concentrated for the purposes of administration and discipline under one head. The command consists of all troops stationed in Pekin and Tungchow, the latter being a subpost some 15 miles distant on the Peiho River.

The troops stationed in Pekin are located in the Temple of Agriculture, with detached posts about 1 mile distant in the Chinese City, and some 23 miles distant in the Tartar City.

The troops stationed at Camp Reilly, Pekin, China, consist in the main of three distinct and separate commands administered practically as subposts. They consist of headquarters, staff, band, and ten companies, A, B, D, E, F, H, I, K, L, M, of the Ninth Infantry; Third Squadron of the Sixth Cavalry, comprising Troops I, K, L, and M; Light Battery F, Fifth Artillery.

There is also comprised in the limits of this command, but not directly subject to the control of the camp commander, a field hospital, a depot quartermaster with his storehouses and supplies, a depot commissary and storehouse, a small ordnance depot, a signal corps detachment, an engineer detachment, and the offices and living quarters of the major-general commanding the China relief expedition, and his staff. Two companies are stationed in the Chinese City of Pekin, both under the immediate control of the provost marshal, and similarly two companies of infantry in the Tartar City of Pekin, under the immediate control of the provost marshal of that section; and at Tung-chow, guarding supplies at that point on the line of communication, one company of infantry.

Separate inspections of all these various commands are incorporated as appendixes to this report (except the Tung-chow garrison).

A short description of the temple of agriculture and the general features of the camp may not be out of place. The temple of agriculture contains in the neighborhood of 275 acres of land, generally level, covered in many parts with a growth of cedar and elm, surrounded by an immense wall of great thickness, some 14 feet high, and has two main entrances. Within this large inclosure are several smaller courts or compounds, used in the past by the Chinese for certain formal ceremonials and sacrifices, usually held in the spring of the year. The grounds were taken possession of by the United States forces immediately after their entry into Pekin as presenting a most favorable site for a camp of some duration, the place being practically free from the contaminating influences of an overwhelming population and as presenting better hygienic features than almost any other available ground.

The troops are living in tents floored with native brick or stone. Each has a Sibley stove, with a built-up furnace-like foundation of brick to create sufficient draft to burn the extremely metallic anthracite coal from Kalagn and the western hills. The infantry portion of the command is in one camp, the cavalry squadron encamped at another point, and the artillery located in a compound to themselves, thus making three distinct commands.

The camp is commanded by Col. Charles F. Robe, Ninth Infantry, an officer of long service, whose capacity and attainments are of record in the War Department. The infantry portion of the command located in the temple of agriculture consists of headquarters, staff, band, and Companies A, D, E, F, and M, Ninth Infantry, all of the cavalry, and the light battery.

FIELD SERVICE-GENERAL REMARKS.

INFANTRY.

[Extract from history of the Ninth Regiment of Infantry from July, 1899, when last inspected, to present date. Prepared from record of events as stated on regimental returns.]

Pursuant to telegraphic instructions from the Secretary of War, conveyed in Special Orders, No. 65, Headquarters Division of the Philippines, June 17, 1900, the regiment was assembled at Manila, P. I., from widely separated posts, the concentration being made with the greatest difficulty on account of typhoon and heavy rains prevailing for a week previous and the whole country covered with water and the rivers overflowing their banks. Distance traveled by marches, from 6 to 15 miles; by rail, about 77 miles. Stationed in Cuartel Malate from June 21 to 26 and equipped for service in China, when regiment embarked on U. S. army transport Logan, which sailed for Taku on morning of June 27, 1900, via Nagasaki, Japan. The regiment (en route to Taku, China) arrived at Nagasaki, Japan, July 2, 1900. Left Nagasaki July 4, 1900, arriving at Taku July 6, 1900. Distance from Manila, 2,050 miles. The first and second battalions embarked in lighters for Tientsin, China, arriving July 11.

On July 13 Companies A, B, C, D, detachment Company E, Companies F, G, and H, under command of Col. E. H. Liscum, Ninth Infantry, formed part of the front lines of attacking columns of the allied forces in the attack on south gate of walled city of Tientsin. Company A was stationed at railroad station and pontoon bridge. The companies of the Third Battalion arrived too late for the early morning attack, but were held in reserve, coming under fire during the day. Companies K and M, Third Battalion, were posted at railroad station and pontoon bridge. Companies I and L were posted at outer mud wall of city, assisting in taking care of the wounded. Killed: Col. E. H. Liscum, Privates John A. Potter and George H. Buckley, Company A; Corp. Richard B. Slater and Privates John W. Partland, Gotfried Svenson, Company B; Privates Barney Goneya and Robert B. Golden, Company C; Private John H. Porter, Company D; Privates Oscar Olsen, John J. Dreher, Axel Skogsberg, Casper Schwartfegar, and James B. Taylor, Company F; Privates Clyde J Jameson, Fred E. Rieffenacht, John P. Smith, and Dewey Rogers, Company G.

Wounded: Maj. James Regan, Capt. C. R. Noyes, Capt. E. V. Bookmiller, First Lieut. L. B. Lawton, battalion adjutant; Second Lieut. F. R. Lang, Corpl. Árnold Perruzzy, privates John J. Dimond, Martin Dunphey, George F. Murphy, and John Seymour, Company A. Corpls. Michael Conroy, John Gallant, privates Arthur S. Rowley and Clarence J. McBride, Company B. Sergts. Romeo T. Perry, Joseph A. Dory and Adelbert Walker, Corpls. James R. Burton, Peter Savage, Samuel F. Whipps, and Richard W. Webb, Musician Harry K. Ellis, privates John D. Closson, Ulysses S. Jumper, James J. O'Neil, Henry J. Scharer, and Robert H. Von Schlick, Company C. Sergt. Edward Gorman, Corpls. Silas A. Christenberry, Sherman E. Jackson, privates Thomas L. Maloney, Joseph Munch, jr., Fred E. Newell, David J. Kennedy, Carroll L. Pingree, William Murphy, and Joseph Ryan, Company D. Privates William Gilbert, Joseph McMahon, and Patrick Murphy, Company E. Corpls. Frank M. Leonard and Gustav Bartz, privates Francis J. Magee, Frederick E. Shoecraft, Edward Wright, Arthur Ables, Orin C. Weston, David A. Murphy, David H. Hammons, Harry H. Norton, John P. Dimond, Company F. Corpl. Dennis Moriarty, Stephen O'Dea, Thomas H. Curren, privates Loda B. King, Philip Wuring, Walter F. Coleman, William L. Partmand, Company G. First Sergt. Wesley Bickhart, Corpls. Albert Juhl, Jacob Mengel, Gerhardt Hechermann, George Hoar, privates Andrew Roden, Jesse Westervelt, Lewis Frish, John McSweeney, Charles Riley, Ralph Richards, David Morris, Company H.

Missing: Private Myron C. Miller, Company B.

Remained in camp and quarters at Tientsin performing garrison duty in the foreign settlement and Chinese city until August 4, 1900, when the regiment left Tientsin about 4 p. m. and marched through the walled city and went into camp at Siku, about 2 miles northwest of Tientsin. On August 5 was in reserve fo Japanese forces at battle of Peitsang (capture of powder arsenal and town of Peitsang) camped at Kuang Chang, distance about 8 miles. August 6, Company G detached and left at pontoon bridge at Peitsang. Regiment broke camp at 4 a. m. and marched toward Yangtsun. At about 11 a. m. the regiment came under fire, participated in battle and capture of Yangtsun. Casualties, killed: Private W. H. Webb, Company M. Wounded: Second Lieut. F. R. Lang, Sergt. M. O'Brien, Company F. Corpl. D. J. O'Connor, Company E. Privates A. W. Fitzgerald, Company D; W. J. Field, Company I; James Fritch, Company M. Camped that night at Yangtsun, distance