us recognize that the consumption of alcoпonc qu nited States is only about half the quantity per head 18 consumed in the United Kingdom, and we may see to the solution of the perplexing labor problem. Yet ne consumption of drink is so comparatively low, so ed are the educational and commercial authorities of es of the evil effects that they recognize the need for extensive instruction in temperance matters and a ringent application of that knowledge in daily life. laws of all the states instruction in scientific temUnder is given in all the public elementary schools. ws there are more than twenty-six millions of children lage in the United States under this instruction. And has taken place within the last twenty years. The rethat the properly instructed are entering into their nce of commercial supremacy in the world. The nce of temperance instruction so recognized bas lifted stion out of the category of 'fads' to which so many structed people in this country consign it, and there ject is one of the indispensable elements of knowledge. of the states a penalty is attached to the neglect of some, the topic must occupy from one-fourth to oneace in the books on physiology, and in others, no who has not passed a satisfactory examination in the is allowed to teach.

at is the bearing of this teaching on the commercial One result is that fully one million railway men and lion more in other employments are required to be stainers. The prohibition of the army canteen and the ry in the navy keeps the services free from the drink What the United States have still to fight is the influx igrants from the old world with their traditional reor liquor and their ignorance of its effects upon them. teract this, the system of national education in scienmperance is continued and enforced with lasting good country, and to the commercial spirit which threatens mp all competitors."

App-Axi-Dia.

Irl of ten years entered a school and gathered with before her teacher, upon whom they gazed with ng trust as competent to guide them in their after knowledge. A lesson in geography was ed. It was at the beginning of the school year e teacher wished to fix firmly in the minds of the that they lived on a globe of a certain size; it 1 to be most important that the size of this globe be known as a preliminary fact, for, if not, how there be any solid material on which a mental suacture could be built? Did not the builders of eat Brooklyn bridge go down, down into the water, nd gravel nearly 100 feet to reach the solid rock? must not a similar course be pursued in educa

this teacher informed her class that she wished to know perfectly the approximate axial diameter of th, which was given in miles and a decimal. To s this deeply she wrote on the blackboard

APP-AXI-DIA.

sure to learn that perfectly," were her impressive

pupil was exceedingly desirous of doing her duty; ad believed the teacher's words, that her future ded upon the perfect learning of her lessons. She d to do right, and to do right required the mas

f

APP-AXI-DIA.

what did these mean?

were abbreviations; that probably the teach the pupils to learn the APProximate AXIal of the globe on which they lived and moved an being.

Let us leave out of sight for the time th whether or not it was the correct thing to class to memorize the APProximate AXIal D the earth; it is probable that few can be fou tain the teacher in the blind, unapt, unpedago which was employed to obtain the commitm arithmetical statement to memory.

What and How, these are words of immens the teacher's vocabulary. What shall the c quired to learn? How shall the teacher pro cure the learning of the proper things?

We do by no means consider that these ma been settled. One is reminded of the Slo spond into which Christian fell when he sta way to the heavenly land. "Yea, and to my here have been swallowed up at least twent cartleads, yea, millions of wholesome instru have at all seasons been brought from all p king's dominions."

It was the effort of Colonel Parker to resc from the "cast-iron methods" which had upon as the correct thing by the teachers that gave him his fame. Who will continu he began? Who will impress upon the teach

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after the light makes many false steps, and does much which is not worth the doing. Even if I knew these people perfectly, a very difficult problem would still be before me, in determining which of their steps represent permanent, real progress; for mere motion is not necessarily progress. But no white man of experience ever asserts that he understands a Malayan people, and I begin with the handicap of ignorance of the language of these people, and must devote the major part of my time to others. Yet there is something in their handiwork which seems undoubtedly to represent progress, as well as much which represents mere groping and waste of energy. Of their intellectual life I am almost completely ignorant as yet. Wisdom might seem to dictate that nothing be undertaken on so slender a basis of knowledge, but their case is urgent. Future peace and the very the very existence of these Mohammedans require action.

In view of these considerations last January I opened a little school in the very heart of their settlement in this town. At first no attempt whatever was made at anything but the industrial training to be given. The work with the boys and girls being different, it seemed desirable that two American teachers be put in charge of it, and accordingly a graduate of Yale and a graduate of the University of California were so detailed. But as it is a cardinal principle, deduced from the hypotheses given above, that these children must first be put in possession of their heritage-must first be led to take the steps which their parents have taken before themtwo Mohammedans of their own tribe were employed to give much of the first instruction. These were not asked whether they could read and write, but only whether they were skilful in the work which they were to do. Yet strangely enough it happens that both can sign the receipts for their salaries.

The American teachers were requested to try to forget all that they knew about schools and just help these children. There were no books in the school except some little drawing books introduced to help in planning the work. Of course drawing naturally and historically comes before writing and reading. There were no desks in the school, and they would have been only in the way. Children were allowed to take such positions as they found most convenient for their work, and these were largely on the floor. Each child was given the product of his own labor, and this product was made to be salable. As in some cases a number of children worked on one article, it was found practicable to pay each child for his work when done, since the demand for manufactured articles in most cases was far ahead of the supply. Think of paying children for coming to school! Yet, seriously, why not? In what other way could they be taught the value of industry in the concrete? Worst of all, children were not required to come to school with clean hards or to wash them after coming, except as they learned that dirty hands meant soiled and unsalable work.

Right here let me say that acquisitiveness, the love of money, avarice if you will, has been the mainstay of our work. Looking ahead I fancy we shall be able to direct the use of money somewhat, and this is one of the greatest needs in these islands. If the people were not so disgustingly contented with their present conditions much more would be possible of accomplishment. It is our business to foment discontent. Some success is already crowning our efforts. Only last week the big girls took it upon themselves to forcibly expel all who had forgotten to bring their clothes to

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roduct of unis work tney began making so pos ushions, which were stuffed with corn husks finely ded. This furnished work of a number of kinds, adapted to girls of varying ages. The very younghredded the corn husks, the next size made the with which the pillows were to be trimmed, the r wove the bodies of the pillows, while only a very were able to do the necessary sewing. Fortunately, kind of work found so ready a market among the icans that the school has not yet been able to meet emand. Later, some of the better girls at sewing made a few "Moro suits" on orders, while a few how developing very fair ability in general plain g and some "fancy stitches."

e boys progressed thru the preliminary steps of ng various curios to the point where now they are ng bamboo chairs with cane seats, and they have and one experimental hammock, to be made in the l from the raw hemp to the finish. These are dements from the work which many of the parents oing, and the articles to be made are in great local nd. The tools of the parents are the only tools I necessary as yet. This may seem a small thing rsons at a distance, but here it seems otherwise. nust offer these people the "line of least resistor they will be liable to give it up. The lack of ole tools would be a very fair excuse for one of to offer for failing to do anything different others. Yet when he finds that bamboo and n furniture can be made with no other tool the bolo (a kind of bush-knife), which he always he may be kept from falling back to the old way of nothing in this line. Especially will this be true the demand for the product of his labor holds out. tuse we can induce him to make of his money res to be seen; but personal vanity is his strong acteristic, and I hope we may be able to stimulate m a desire for better clothing and eventually for r houses.

tterly English has been somewhat systematically duced in the school, and both boys and girls are ing very fast. The speaking of English would certend largely to a better understanding of the rican and his ways, which will be increasingly imnt. Yet the young man probably has in mind y his advantage in dealing with the tourist.

om the very first there have been women who nt admission to this little school; and during the week I have been repeatedly besought to give emment to full grown men. Up to the present this ot been practicable, but now the time seems apching when we can receive all comers, tho the chilmust still have the preference. The adults have apted to inaugurate an extension scheme, as it they taking directions from the teachers and docheir work at home, the school furnishing them a y access to the tourist with their products. But could they get the academic part of the work? that is the least of their troubles. What they is instruction which will enable them to make the s that the white people want and will buy. They eady to make efforts to fit themselves to become l to the community. They will strive to adjust selves to their environment; only this is not their of looking at it. What they see in all this is an opnity to get hold of some of the rich Americans' y. It is at least possible that the school will soon op into a kind of industrial institute where all the

away пош the pursuits of war and cente pursuits of peace. We are trying to lea ple to live in better houses, to wear better to gather treasures about them, knowing we things to lose by war will prove hostages fo This is looked upon as a small and crude but what may it not lead to ? Already a si is in process of organization for the benefit our Uncle's" avowed pagans, and one is ized at an early date for the Mohammed island of Sulu. A whole system of such contemplation-at least as a pleasant d present writer. As I watch these children question the wisdom of this and that wh being taught, I sometimes think of the tin which winds about one's feet in the dark

e Universities and schools have awakened ad to the fact that students must be devely oped along lines that will materially aid n them in their business careers. In New d York the establishment of the High d School of Commerce for boys, and of the er Technical School for girls is along this en line. The aim of the former is not to turn on out merely clerks and bookkeepers and s- stenographers, but to build up merchants and men of business by technical training, e with special reference to manufactures. Universities of to-day recognize that a knowledge of finance and commercial law, of accounts and theory of exchange, is as 16 necessary to the successful business man 2 as are Latin and Greek to the scholiast.

5

4

Experience shows that at least eighty 2 per cent. of college students follow strictly commercial lines. From these later arise 3 our leaders of commerce, who have hither. to made their way not thru the special aid of college curriculum and degree, but rather in spite of them.

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the railroad office, and the salesmen in the store may laugh at the scientific study of their business, but when the time comes for them to assume high positions of trust they will regret their ignorance and give much to have their wasted opportunities offered them again."

The Power of Education.

In a very interesting article by Walter A. Wyckoff, in Scribner's Magazine, entitled "Among London Wage-Earners," the following remarks are made with regard to the great change in East London The compared with thirty years ago. writer says he had expected to find bare. Of these he footed children clad in rags. found but few, and they were mostly boys whole clothes was to blame for their appearance. He accounts for the change of water and breathing spaces, and better partly thru better lighting, a better supply The increased housing facilities offered. social activities of the church and of individuals, an improved standard of life effected mainly thru more efficient organization of labor, have also helped to work a change. "But," to use his own words, "the cause which I encountered everywhere, and which everywhere seemed farreaching in its touch upon the betterment

whose indifference to cleanliness and

of East London was the influence of the The University of New York has recog- board schools. The board school is the nized this, and its courses are directed to English equivalent for the American pubthe supplying of the need. Prof. S. A. lic school. I did not find a single instance Brown, one of the faculty of this institu- of a serious lack of school-room for the tion, says: Our courses are in shape for children, but every child, apparently, t special business training. If a man in- passes early-some of them as early as tends to follow the professions, he enters three or four years of age-under the the schools prepared for him. And so we dominance of the school and remains have a School of Commerce, Accounts, there generally until the age of fourteen. and Finance for men of affairs, founded Of the value of the book learning I know in 1900, its purpose being to train men nothing, but I noticed constantly the effor the higher duties of commercial life. fects of their education in habits of cleanIt is founded on the firm belief that busi- liness and obedience and good manners." ness education, adequately to meet exist- And he adds, "The East End is no longer ing and future conditions of civilization, a city of slums, and its people, far from of must be placed upon a scientific basis." being submerged, are a skilful, indusThis idea is becoming more prevalent trious, peaceful, working population of re each year. Dartmouth has long had its high average intelligence, and equal, it is es special courses; the Universities of Wis- likely, to any competitive struggle." e consin, California, Pennsylvania, and Chicago have fallen into line. Outside of ourselves Japan has recognized the neces-sity of business and commercial training

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Alliance of Ethics and Economy.

Carroll D. Wright, United States CommisMORGANSTOWN, W. Va.-The Hon. sioner of Labor, in the opening address at It is a fact to-day in the business world West Virginia university on the question, that the heads of large establishments "Is there any Solution to the Labor Probprefer the services of graduates of special lem?" among other things, said: schools, who have had their eyes opened to the broader possibilities of their work.

"In my opinion, the Decalog is as good

One large insurance company necessitates a labor platform as any. In religion we

find the highest form of solution yet a month's training in and graduation from its own school, at its expense, of all who offered. Next to religion comes construcare seeking positions. And boys, who tive evolution-that evolution which behave graduated from manual training and lieves in the potency of effort. The ecotechnical schools always find good open- tive man. We are to have a new law of nomic man is growing into the co-ordinahings and better remuneration at the start than boys or young men who have been in wages grown out of religious thought. re business for two or three years.

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The old struggle was for existence; the new struggle is for a wider spiritual We cannot do better than quote the margin. The application of this religious r words of Wharton Barker, of Philadel idea is the true solution of the labor probin phia, a well known writer on finance, and lem. The whole question must be placed m- the head of a great banking house. After on an altruistic basis. A new political et speaking of the deplorable deficiency of remedy will grow out of this struggle. It So the average bank president's knowledge will look largely to the care and comfort t, of banking and finance in the higher and of man. The new religion is one of progy, broader sense, he adds:

ress, and one of its results will be the alliance of ethics and economy. Religion forecasts the social destiny of man.

d, "The manufacturer who conducted his s. plant along haphazard lines without any ch knowledge of the mechanical and chemi th cal requirements of his work would be th thought a fool. The business man who he entered on on investment requiring vast tru

"The position I have advanced reaches into the coming revival of a religion which shall hold in its power the church, indusand the whole social

commerce

At a m
mittee of t
day, Septe
twenty-two
modate 30.
be in Man
Brooklyn, a
To cope
arrangemen
buildings to
In the ne
will be open
3.420; and t
tion twenty
dation for 34
There wer
reasons for
One was a la
committee o
civil service
some time
their request,
tise for men.
Mr. Mack 1
for the present
of consolidati
gle contract w
tional rooms o
he said, bad p
at least.

A resolution
perintendents
$4,000 was not
do the same w
compensated.
hinted at a plan
tinuing to mak
school day for
eight. A portio
morning session
noon, alternatin
having a fresh
Another plan th
the consolidatio
is thought that
solve the vexed
with all their e
immigration and
growing city like
possible for som
pressing needs o
Definite steps a
mittee on eleme
mentally weak by
peculiar cases, an
by withdrawing f
less bright child
from defective vi
fited by the syste
and after their s
will be kept in th
physical causes o
special arrangem

The total regist
exception of thre
materially affect t
an increase of ne
part time classes

crease of over 17,0
children refused a
which only 1,961 w
old. In the high sch
an increase of 3.3.
that practically all
that is, six years o
The refusals above
most cases, accomm
cipals sent in the
will at once go to
fusals, under six ye
new kindergarten cl
tra quarters.
This