1831.] OBITUARY.-Lady C. Waldegrave.-Sir M. Cholmeley, Bt. 367

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OBITUARY.-Thomas Hope, Esq. F.R.S. & S.A.

His father, Arthur Acland, of Fairfield, esq. married Elizabeth, daughter of William Oxenham, of Oxenham in Devonshire, esq. by whom he had six sons, the youngest of whom was the late Lt.-Gen. Sir Wrothe Acland, K.C.B. who died in 1816.

Sir John Palmer Acland was the eldest son; he was created a Baronet by patent dated Dec. 9, 1818, and the same year took the name and arms of Palmer in addition to Acland, by Royal sign manual.

He was twice married, 1st, in 1781, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Rose Fuller, of Rose Hill in Sussex, esq. by whom he had a son Sir Peregrine Palmer Acland, born in 1789, who has succeeded to the title; and three daughters, Maria, Frances Anne, and Henrietta; and secondly, Nov. 1, 1818, to Sarab-Maria, daughter of Robert Knipe, of New Lodge, Berkhampstead, esq. and widow of Philip Gibbes, esq. by whom he had a son, born in 1819.

THOMAS HOPE, ESQ. F.R.S. & S.A. Feb. 3. In Duchess-street, Thomas Hope, esq.

The Hopes, of Amsterdam, whose names have been proverbial for wealth, for liberality, for the splendour of their mansions, and for their extensive collections of works of art, are a younger branch of the family seated at Craig Hall in Fifeshire, which enjoys a Baronetcy of Nova Scotia. The gentleman now deceased was one of three brothers, one of whom still resides at Amsterdam, and another, Philip Hope, esq. in New Norfolk-street.

Early in life, Mr. Thomas Hope travelled over various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa; and having, with a refined taste, acquired a facility of drawing, brought home a large collection of sketches, principally of architecture and sculpture. Soon after his return, and settlement in London, he published "A Letter, addressed to F. Annesley, esq. on a series of designs for Downing College, Cambridge," in which, founding his judgment on what he had seen and examined during his travels, he criticised with great severity the designs of Mr. Wyatt. It is said to have been in consequence of these animadversions, that the services of that gentleman were declined, and Mr. Wilkins employed in his place; but the forbidding coldness of the building of that new college, which is still unfinished, harmonizes very ill with the surrounding edifices of ancient English collegiate architecture.

Having purchased a large house in

[April,

Duchess-street, Mr. Hope devoted much time and study in finishing and fitting up the interior from his own drawings, and partly in imitation of the best specimens, both ancient and modern, in Italy. A description of this house will be found in the first volume of "The Public Buildings of London," by Britton and Pugin, accompanied by two plates representing the Flemish Picturegallery, which was an addition made in 1820. A view of the old Picture Gal lery, together with a catalogue of the pictures, was published in Westmacott's "Account of the British Galleries of Painting and Sculpture."

Mr. Hope's country mansion was at Deepdene near Dorking, and thither he bad removed a large number of his pictures, sculpture, and books, having built for their reception a new library, a gallery, and an amphitheatre, to arrange and display antiques. There are three views of this mansion in Neale's Seats; and two, with a description revised during the last year, will be found in Prosser's" Views in Surrey." It is remarkable that this beautiful spot is described by the old topographer Aubrey by the name of its future owner. words are as follow, "A long Hope, i. e. according to Virgil, deductus vallis, is contrived in the most pleasant and delightful solitude for house, gardens, orchards, boscages, &c. that I have seen in England; it deserves a poem, and was a subject worthy of Mr. Cowley's muse. The true name of this Hope is Dipden, quasi Deepdene." The natural beauties of Deepdene were first moulded into cultivation by the Hon. Charles Howard, who died in 1714.

H:s

In 1805 Mr. Hope published the drawings which he had made for his furniture, &c. in a folio volume, entitled "Household Furniture and Decorations." Notwithstanding the ridicule attempted to be cast on this work in the Edinburgh Review, it led the way to a complete revolution in the upholstery and interior decoration of houses. "To Mr. Hope," says Mr. Britton, in his volume entitled The Union of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, "we are indebted in an eminent degree for the classical and appropriate style which now generally characterises our furniture and domestic utensils. Like most other innovations, his was described as whimsical and puerile by some persons, as if it were unbecoming a man of førtune to indulge in the elegant refinements which wealth placed at his command; whilst others caricatured the system, by cramming their apartments with mythological figures and conceits,

1831.]

OBITUARY.-Thomas Hope, Esq. F.R.S. & S.A.

jumbled together without propriety or meaning."

Mr. Hope was, in all respects, a munificent patron of art and of artists, and even of the humbler mechanic; for he bas been known to traverse obscure alleys, lanes, and courts, to find out and employ men of skill and talent in their respective pursuits. Thorwaldsen, the Danish sculptor, was chiefly indebted to him for the early support and patronage which he experienced. The genius of young Chantrey was called into action, whilst the more mature talents of Flaxman were honourably employed. These are only a few of the numerous instances in which his liberality was nobly and advantageously employed. In one case, however, his patronage was returned by an act of the basest ingratitude. Some dispute having arisen between Mr. Hope and a Frenchman of the name of Dubost, respecting the price and execution of a painting, the artist vented his spleen by the exhibition of an infamous caricature-a picture which he entitled "Beauty and the Beast," Mrs. Hope being drawn in the former character, and her husband in the latter, laying his treasures at her feet, and addressing her in the language of the French tale. This picture was publicly exbibited, and attracted such crowds of loungers and scandal-lovers to view it, that from 201. to 301. a day was taken at the doors. It was at length cut to pieces in the room, by Mr. Keresford, the brother of Mrs. Hope. Dubost, upon this, brought an action against that gentleman, laying his damages at 1000; but the jury gave him only 57. as the worth of the canvas and colours, and that would not have been awarded, had Mr. Beresford, instead of the general plea of "not guilty," put in a plea that he destroyed the picture as a nui

sance.

In 1809 Mr. Hope published "The Costume of the Ancients," in two volumes, royal 8vo; in fixing the price of which, in order to promote its more extensive circulation, be at once sacrificed 1000% of the cost. The figures, which were chiefly selected from fictile vases (many of them in Mr. Hope's own collection), are engraved in outline, and the greater part of them by that eminent master in that style, Mr. H. Moses. Three years afterwards Mr. Hope published his "Designs of Modern Costumes," in folio. These works evinced a profound research into the works of antiquity, and a familiarity with all that is graceful and elegant.

Mr. Hope's "Anastasius; or Me-
GENT. MAG. April, 1881.

369

moirs of a Modern Greek," an historical and geographical romance in three volumes, evinced at once the general knowledge, the fancy, and powers of the author. It presents such a faithful picture of the customs, manners, and countries of the Turks and Greeks, that, when a gentleman of high diplomatic station and abilities was advised to publish an account of his travels among those people, he replied that Mr. Hope had already given such an accurate and graphic description of them in "Anastasius," that there would be nothing new for him to relate.

Besides these works, Mr. Hope contributed several papers to different periodical publications; and at the time of his decease was engaged in passing through the press a volume "On the Origin and Prospects of Man." He has left a large collection of drawings and engravings, illustrative of buildings and scenery in Greece, Turkey, Italy, France, Germany, &c. and several plates of his antique sculpture and vases.

Mr. Hope married, April 16, 1806, the Hon. Louisa Beresford, fifteenth and youngest child of the Right Rev. Lord Decies, Lord Archbishop of Tuam, and sister to the present Lord Decies. They had three sons, the eldest of whom, Mr. Henry Hope, was a Groom of the Bedchamber to King George the Fourth, and still holds that office to his present Majesty. Mrs. Hope, also, is Woman of the Bedchamber to her Majesty; there is a charming portrait of this lady by Sir Thomas Lawrence.

Mr. Hope's will has been proved by his brother, P. H. Hope, esq. and Jeremiah Harman, esq. to each of whom is left a legacy of one thousand pounds. The collection of Italian pictures, articles of vertu, and the furniture, together with the house in Mansfield-street, are left to the eldest son, who is likewise residuary legatee. To his widow is left one thousand pounds in money, to be paid immediately, an annuity of one thousand pounds a year, in addition to the lady's marriage settlement of three thousand a year; and during her life the mansion and furniture at Deepdene. Large legacies are left to his other children, and many of his friends are also remembered in his will, especially the Rev. Wm. Harness, son of his friend Dr. Harness, to whom he has left five hundred pounds. Probate was granted for one hundred and eighty thousand pounds personal property. The gallery in Duchess-street, appended to Mr. Hope's house, in which his Italian pictures are deposited, was built by his brother, Mr.

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OBITUARY.-Rev. W. H. Carr.-Lt.-Gen. Lethbridge. [April,

P. H. Hope, and the splendid assemblage of pictures by the Dutch and Flemish masters, which are mingled with the Italian school, are the property of Mr. P. H. Hope, by whom they were collected.

REV. W. H. CARR, F.R.S.

Dec. 24. In Devonshire-place, aged 72, the Rev. William Holwell Carr, B.D. F.R.S. Vicar of Menhenniot, Cornwall.

This gentleman's paternal name was Holwell. His father was the Rev. William Holwell, B.D. F.R.S. Vicar of Thornbury in Gloucestershire, a Prebendary of Exeter, and Chaplain to the King, the editor of selections from Dionysius Halicarnassus, 1766, and of extracts from Pope's Homer, 1776. He died in 1798, and is briefly noticed in our vol. LXVIII. p. 259.

His son was of Exeter College, Oxford, M.A. 1784, B. D. 1790, and was presented to the vicarage of Menhenniot, one of the most valuable benefices in Cornwall, by the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, who always appoint a Fellow, or one who has been a Fellow, of Exeter College.

On the 18th of May, 1797, Mr. Holwell was married at London, to Lady Charlotte Hay, eldest daughter of James Earl of Errol, by Isabella, daughter of Sir William Carr, of Etal in Nortbumberland, Bart. The fine estate of Etal was left to the junior branches of the Earl of Errol's family; and was possessed by the Hon. Wm. Hay, the second son, who in consequence took the name of Carr in 1795; but, as by Sir William Carr's will, no person succeeding to the Earldom was to retain possession of the Etal estate, when the Hon. William Carr, on the death of his brother George fourteenth Earl of Errol, succeeded to the title in 1798, the estate devolved upon Lady Charlotte Holwell.* On the 20th of November in the same year, she obtained the King's authority to herself, her husband, and the heirs male of her body, to take the name and arms of Carr. To prevent litigation and disputes, her Ladyship consented to divide the rents of Etal with her brother the Earl; but as, on her death in little more than a twelvemonth after (Feb. 9, 1800), her right devolved on au infant son, bis guardians considered that they could not with propriety continue to

* It is remarkable that the Hon. James Hay, the third and youngest brother, who would have inherited the Etal estate, was accidentally drowned in the Thames the day after his sister's marriage to Mr. Holwell.

pay any part of the rents to the Earl of Errol, who in consequence commenced an action against Mr. Carr. The cause was given against his Lordship, first in the Court of King's Bench, and finally in Chancery, by whose decree, William Holwell Carr, the infant, was declared to be in immediate possession, July 16, 1806. The boy, however, remained in undisputed possession a still shorter time than his mother, dying at Ramsgate Sept. 15 in the same year, in the seventh year of his age; when, as he was the only child of Lady Charlotte Carr, the Etal estate devolved on bis aunt Augusta the late Countess of Glas gow.

Mr. Carr was not again married. He bad been for many years one of the most distinguished patrons, as well as an exquisite connoisseur, of the fine arts, and was a Director of the British Institution. His own pictures consisted principally of the finest productions of the Italian school; one of which is Leonardo de Vinci's Christ disputing with the Doctors, bought of Lord Northwick, in 1824, it is said for 2,6001. This highly valuable collection Mr. Carr has bequeathed to the nation,-on this stipulation, however, that a gallery should be provided where they may be properly seen and justly appreciated. It is to be hoped that the completion of this long desired object may be hastened by this circumstance; as the house now occupied by the National Gallery is not large enough to display even the small collection which has been already formed.

LT.-GEN. LEthbridge.

Jan. 5. Aged 71, Lieut.-Gen. Robert Lethbridge, brother to the late Chancellor Lethbridge, esq. of Launceston.

This officer entered the service in 1776, as an Ensign in the 60th regiment, which he joined at St. Augustine, in East Florida; and served in that garrison until Nov. 1778, when he marched with the expedition into Georgia, under Major-Gen. Prevost, and was present at the siege of Sunbury. He returned to England, in the latter end of 1779, in consequence of promotion in a battalion of the regiment serving in Jamaica. He arrived there in the following August, and remained until Dec. 1781, when he came home in consequence of ill health. In Nov. 1783, he embarked to rejoin bis regiment in Jamaica, served with it until December 1785, when he again returned to England. In 1786, his corps was removed to Nova Scotia; and in July 1787, he embarked from England for the island of St. John's, with the view of joining his regiment at Halifax. On reaching that island in September, he

1831.] OBITUARY.-Lt.-Gen. Lethbridge.-Simon Bolivar.

found that his regiment had been removed to Quebec, for which place be could find no opportunity of proceeding until the spring; and when that period had arrived, he received information of his having been appointed to a company in the newly raised 4th battalion of the 60th regiment in England, so long before as the previous September. Instead of proceeding for Quebec, be of course embarked for England, which he reached in July, and lost no time in joining his corps at Chatham, where he raised his company, principally at his own expense, according to the conditions whereon he had been appointed. In the following year he exchanged back into the first battalion 60th regiment then in Canada; where he continued to serve till July 1793, when he was again obliged to ask permission to return to England in consequence of ill health. In November of that year he was nominated by Lord Amherst, the then Commander-inChief of his Majesty's Forces, one of his Aids-de-camp, which situation he held until his Lordship resigned that post to the Duke of York, in February 1795. He was then appointed by the late Marquis of Townshend one of his Aids-decamp, and continued as such until his promotion to the Majority of the 3d battalion 60th regiment in Dec. 1795.

In May 1796, he joined his regiment, then on actual service, in St. Vincent's, and was sent to command a post in the Charib country. On the termination of hostilities, be returned home, and exchanged into the 2d battalion of the regiment serving in Canada, for which he embarked in the August packet, and joined his regiment in Montreal in Nov. 1798. He returned to England, by way of Lake Champlain and New York, in Feb. 1800. In Feb. 1802, he was appointed Lieut.-Colonel of the 4th battalion 60th regiment, serving in Jamaica, where he continued until June 1804. In October of the same year, having then been more than 28 years a regimental officer, he applied to the Commander-in-Chief for a recruiting district, and was nominated to a district in Ireland. He attained the brevet rank of Colonel in 1810, and continued Inspecting Field Officer of the Enniskillen district, and subsequently of the Shrewsbury district, until Feb. 1812; when be exchanged with an Inspecting Field Officer of Militia in Canada, and he was fortunate enough to reach Quebec in June, seven days before the declaration of war by the Government of the United States. He continued to serve in Upper and Lower Canada until October 1813, when, having been included in the pro

371

motion of Major-Generals of June of that year (which removed him from his situation as Inspector), he finally returned to England. He attained the rank of Lieut.-General in 1825.

The wife of Major-Gen. Lethbridge died at Shrewsbury early in 1825.

SIMON BOLIVAR.

Dec. 17. At San Pedro, near Santa Martha, in Colombia, aged 47, Simon Bolivar, late President of that Republic.

Be

This celebrated personage was a native of Caraccas, and received his education at Madrid. After finishing his studies, he visited France, England, Italy, and part of Germany, and, on his return to the capital of Spain, he married a daughter of the Marquis Ulstariz Shortly afterwards he returned to his native land, and, on his arrival, he found his fellow countrymen engaged in open hostilities against the parent state, and inflamed with the bitterest animosity against the Spanish Government. ing a man of great capacity, and of considerable fortune-having more knowledge than the rest of his brethren brought up in the same state of colonial society, and probably more ambition than knowledge, he soon gained an asscendancy among the revolutionary or independent party. He was first intrusted with the government of Puerto Cabello. That important position he was soon compelled to abandon; but the Congress of New Granada, by giving him the command of six thousand men, showed that their confidence in the zeal and talents of the General was in no respect diminished. The victory of Araute confirmed the favourable opinion that had been formed of his military capacity, and contributed to inspire the Independents with hopes of success. In 1814 Bolivar resolved to surrender the command, but was prevailed upon by the urgent entreaties of the principal men in Venezuela to continue in the dictatorship, and complete the liberation of his country. Bolivar acceded to their request; but, after sustaining a considerable loss in the plains of Cura, be was forced to yield to the superior force of the Royalist commanders, and set sail with the remnant of his troops for Jamaica.

The cause of the patriots appeared to be hopeless: but those who had escaped the carnage of Urica, formed themselves into corps of guerillas, and kept up a desultory warfare against the foes of South American independence. In the beginning of 1816, Bolivar, after receiving ten battalions of black troops from Petion, set sail with his small but deter