1831.] claimant or heir of a distinguished honour. Intricacies in the Harcourt Pedigrees. Collins, in his Baronetage, vol. iii. deduces the Harcourts as follows: "From Sir Richard Harcourt, second son of Sir Robert, by Anne, daughter of Thomas Limerick, is the (then) Lord Viscount Harcourt descended," and afterwards proceeds in substance as follows: Sir Robert Harcourt, K. G. buried at Stanton Harcourt, was succeeded by another Sir Robert, who was made K.B. at the creation of the Duke of York, 10 Hen. VII. and Sir Simon Harcourt (of whom this author had given no previous account) was knighted at the battle of Spurs, 5 Hen. VIII. married Mary Aston, had issue Sir Walter, who by Dorothy his wife had Robert Harcourt, who by Frances, grand-daughter of John Earl of Oxford, had three sons, the eldest of whom was Sir Simon (mentioned in the Epistle to the Reader, prefixed to Vere'sCommentaries), who was knighted in 1627, married Anne, daughter of William Lord Paget, and left issue Sir Philip, father of Simon first Lord Harcourt, Lord Keeper, father (by his first wife) of Simon, second Lord Harcourt, immediate ancestors of that Lord, whom this Baronagian had just before said was descended from Sir Richard Harcourt. But in the English Compendium, the same nobleman is directly deduced from Sir Thomas Harcourt, by Elizabeth his second wife, which Sir Thomas was the son of William, and grandson of Sir John Harcourt. Collins says, that Sir Robert Harcourt, K.G. who was slain 16 Edw. IV. and whose wife's name was Margaret, was succeeded by another Sir Robert, who 10 Hen. VII. was K. B. and afterwards a Banneret, passing over Sir John, who according to other authority was son of the first Robert, and father of the second, by Anne Morris or Norris, of Bray, co. Berks., and giving no account of the issue male or female of the latter Sir Robert; but jumping to Sir Simon, father of Walter, progenitor of the Viscounts and Earls Harcourt. 395 preserved it, began with M. because Thomas Harcourt, husband of this lady, and who died in 1460, is related by Collins to have had to wife Joane Fraunceys: and if, according to others, his second wife was Elizabeth.. although she might have been the daughter of Arthur Atherton, and might have died in 1454, and might have been the mother of George Alys and Isabel Harcourt, whose portraiture is described by Collins on the tomb at Stanton, her name could not have been correctly indicated by his M. Perhaps an attentive examination of the monument, if still remaining, or the accounts preserved of it by Ashmole, or some authentic pedigree in the hands of the family, may enable some of your Correspondents to disperse the mist which envelopes these accounts, so apparently contradictory, in a pedigree of very great importance to many now living, and which may eventually be of still greater interest to the generations to come. In Betham's Baronetage, vol. i. p. 416, the alliance of William Boughton, the Esquire of the body to King Henry VIII. (or his son) with the family of Danvers of Waterstock, co. Oxon, is mentioned as in other books of heraldry: but qu.? is there not a mistake about this match, and was not the name Broughton instead of Boughton: or have those two names been confused like those of Davers and Danvers, which have been the incessant stumbling-blocks to Genealogists? The descent of the more modern branches of the family of Boughton, is plainly enough delivered by Betham, but in many old MSS. the name of the gentleman who intermarried with the Danverses of Waterstock, is as plainly written Broughton: and so occurs in the public records, and ancient registers. X. Upon what authority Sir Robert Harcourt, K. G. is made to descend from Thomas, does not appear, nor is it very clear to whom the inscription on brass, in Stanton Harcourt Church, can relate, if her name, as Collins has 396 Resemblance of the Names of British Rivers. language, states, that the Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, English, Swedish, Runic, Anglo-Saxon, and other languages owe their origin to this. Davies, in his Celtic Researches, has remarked, that as the inhabitants of Armorica or Brittany emphatically styled themselves Celta, and as that tongue has maintained its purity in that peculiar district, we are thus enabled to determine what are the pure Celtic dialects. "To the Armorican, the Cornish and Welsh are two sisters, and the Erse and Waldensic have a general affinity and correspondence in their dialects. The Irish, from its more striking similarity, may be presumed to be a language of the Celtic race." From the connection of the Irish language with Chaldaic, Arabic, Coptic, and Phoenician, he supposes that it may have been in use among the Celtæ, or descendants of Gomer in Asia, who after the dispersion passed to western Europe. This supposition that the Irish is the primeval language of the descendants of Japhet, is confirmed by proofs of its great prevalence among ancient nations. The names of men, places, and towns, says Davies, in Belgium, among the Tectosages in Aquitania, and of the tribes on the banks of the Danube, may be resolved with great facility into Irish. In Pannonia, Rhotia, and Vindelicia, from the similitude of the names, we may suppose ourselves to be on Scottish or Irish ground. Irish, or a congenial dialect, was spoken in Thrace. The Waldenses, who inhabit the Alpine vallies near the fountains of the Po, use the same. O'Connor, in his Chronicles of Eri, in which occurs a list of words corresponding in the Greek, Latin, and Irish languages, has given in the latter tongue the derivations of names of places in Scythia, on the Euphrates, on the Caspian, of the different districts of Greece, Italy, Spain, Britain, and other countries. Edward Llwyd, a celebrated Welsh scholar, and well acquainted with Irish, finding that the names of places, lands, waters, hills and dales in this island were in the Irish language, supposed that Britain must formerly have been occupied by that people. Having mentioned that the Cantabrian, the Welsh, and the Irish languages, [May, have great affinity, he adds, "Whoever takes notice of a great many names of rivers and mountains throughout the kingdom, will find no reason to doubt, but that the Irish must have been the inhabitants when those names were imposed upon them." Stukeley had the same opinion. "At this very day," says he, in his Essay on Stonehenge, "in Wales they call every antiquated appearance beyond memory Irish.' In the north they call old foundations Peights-houses.' Every thing is Pictish whose origin they do not know. These people are conscious that they are not the aborigines." Davies remarks, "many roots which have been long obsolete in the Welsh and Armorican, are supplied by the Irish, although I would not be understood as meaning that our Welsh came into the possessions of a different family, who spoke the Irish language." Camden, speaking of the difference of names, says, "We ourselves in England are called by the Welchmen, 'Irishmen,' and the highland Scots 'Sassons.' We know from Bede, Gildas, and Giraldus Cambrensis, that Ireland is the native place of the Scots, which name, says Davies, is the same with Cotti, who dwelt near the Alps. A Spanish author, Florianus del Campo, agrees with the Irish antiquaries that the Brigantes owe their origin to Spain, and from thence came into Ireland, and afterwards passed into Wales. In showing the probability of a connection between the people of Spain and Ireland, General Vallancey has given the names of rivers in both countries, which seem to be almost similar. "The rivers of ancient Ireland were the Dur, Daurana, Brigus, Limni, Liboei, Madonus, &c. The rivers of Ancient Gallicia were the Dour, Dourana, Douro, Brigantius or Brigus, Limeas, Monoda," &c. From the above it is evident that we must look to the Irish language for the derivation of the greater part of the names of the rivers and mountains in the British islands; and we hope that some able scholar in that tongue will shortly elucidate this subject, which cannot fail to interest all Vallancey's Irish Grammar, p. 31. 1831.] Resemblance of the Names of British Rivers. those who take delight in the study of English topography. The signification of a few of the names of rivers which occur in Great Britain, has been copied in the present paper from O'Connor's Chronicles; the rest are mentioned merely on account of the similarity of their construction. The Avon, a British word for a river, pronounced by the Irish Aune, gives name to 1. The Stratford Avon, which rising near Naseby in Northamptonshire, passes Rugby, Warwick, and Stratford, and falls into the Severn at Tewksbury. 2. The Salisbury Avon, rising near Great Bedwin in Wilts, falls into the English Channel at Christchurch Bay. 3. The Lower Avon rises at Tetbury in Gloucestershire, and passing Chippenham, Bath, and Bristol, falls into the Severn. 397 and the Tees of the Brigantes, all named by the same race. From "Taoi" winding, also is derived the Towy of Wales. The Tay is found in China. The Taw is in Devonshire, and the Tavy and Tamai of the same county is probably Ta Vech and Ta Maur, "the Great and Little Tay." The Tees occurs again in Hampshire. The Dart is from "Dorta," poured out with violence. " The Camel in Cornwall, and Cam in Cambridgeshire, from Cam," crooked. The Cam occurs again in Gloucestershire. There is a river I called the Kama in Russia. The Thames is derived from "Tam," still or quiet. The river Temes gives name to Temeswar in Hungary. The Teme flows into the Severn near Worcester; the Tame runs through Staffordshire; the Taume is a river of Yorkshire and Lancashire. 4. The Avon in Monmouthshire, which falls into the Usk at Caerleon. 5. The Avon of Devonshire. 6. The Avon in Merionethshire falls rivers Esk, and the Exe or Isca. into the sea at Barmouth. The Axe, which occurs in Somerset and Dorsetshire, is from " Uisge, Water," from which are derived the 7. The Avon in Glamorganshire falls into the Severn near Neath. 8. The Little Avon in Gloucestershire, rising at Chipping Sodbury, falls into the Severn at Berkely. 9. The Avon in Stirlingshire falls into the Forth. 10. The Aven in Bamffshire falls into the Spey. 11. The Aven in Lanarkshire falls into the Clyde. The Aven also occurs in Bretagny. The Allan is in Denbighshire. Alaunus, or Alne, in Northumberland, flows into the sea. The Allen in Dorsetshire. The Alon in Northumberland flows into the Tyne. The Allen in Flintshire. The Alne in Warwickshire. The Tay in Scotland, is derived from Taoi, winding. So meandering are these waters, that the stream is redundantly called by those who do not understand the meaning of the name, "The winding Tay." The river Theiss or Tobiske, the western limit of the Daci, is of the same name, as well as the Taw or Tajus in Portugal, and many rivers in the lands of the Silures, The Clyst, from " Clist," swift. From "Tave," still, quiet, which is properly spelt Tam, is derived the Tave, and perhaps the Tavy. The Tave occurs in Caermarthen and Brecknockshire. The Tava flows into the Danube; another river of the same name in Moravia, empties itself into the Morava. In Monmouthshire, the Rhymny is Rannwye, "the Water of Division," from the Iberian Ranu, "Division," and the British word "Wye," a river. The Rhee, a Saxon term for a river, rises at Ashwell in Hertfordshire; the Rhea is a river of Worcestershire; the Rea in Shropshire; the Rhie in Yorkshire runs into the Derwent; in classical Geography the Rha flows into the Tanais; the Rha is the ancient name of the Volga. The Dee in Scotland runs through Kircudbrightshire; another river of the same name passes Aberdeen; the Dee in Wales runs through Merioneth and Cheshire; the latter is supposed to mean " Holy Water." In Wales the Cledaugh is from "Clodach," dirty, or slimy. The Munnou, from " Min," Iberian for smooth, and the British Wye, a river. The Minho of Spain is from * O'Connor's Chronicles, i. 335. 398 Resemblance of the Names of British Rivers. the same. The Minio, also in Italy, now the Mignone, falls into the Tuscan sea. The Dore of Herefordshire, from "Duor," water; from the same derivation is the Douro of Spain, and the ancient Dur of Ireland; as well as the four English rivers Derwent. The Duranius or Dordogne falls into the Garonne, and the Dora into the Po. The Lug, from " Luga," the lesser, in comparison with the Wye. The Lon of Lancaster, from Lonn, "strong, fretful;" the Lune runs through Durham. The Ken from Cean, "the Head," occurs in Kircudbright, Westmoreland, and Devonshire. The Kennett from " Cen Tath," the river at the head of the land, occurs in Wiltshire and Cambridgeshire. The Abus or Humber, from "Aibeis," an estuary. The Swale, from " Suet," leaping. The Calder, "Cal Duor," the water that encloses. This river divided the Brigantes of Lancaster and York. The Wharf, from " Garbh," rough or boisterous. The Gare or Yare runs through Norfolk; and another river of that name is in the Isle of Wight. The Loder, from "Laider," strong. The Eimot, from "Eim," quick. Loch Lomond, "Loc Lo Aman," a lake, the water of which is the expansion of a river. The same name as Lacus Lemannus, the Lake of Geneva, and Loc Leiman, the Lake of Killarney. The Ouse, from " Uisge," water, occurs in Yorkshire, Huntingdon, and Sussex. The Ousa is in Siberia, the Great Owzen in Russia. The Isis springs in Gloucestershire, the Ise in Lunenburg, in Lower Saxony, flows into the Weser; the Oise occurs in Holland; in France the Oise falls into the Seine. The Adur occurs in Sussex; the Adour flows into the sea near Bayonne. The Brent is a river of Middlesex. The Brant of Anglesey rises near Beaumaris. The Brenta runs through the Venetian territory; the Brentz is a river of Wirtemberg, which falls into the Danube. The river Colne occurs in Middlesex and Essex; the Colun or Clun is in Shropshire. The Don gives name to Doncaster in Yorkshire; another river of this [May, name runs near Aberdeen. The Don of Eastern Europe is supposed to be derived from "Duna," a Median term for a river. The Cher is a river of France; the Char runs through Dorsetshire; the Ceira occurs near Coimbra in Spain. The Cherwell falls into the Isis. The Ivel falls into the Ouse in Bedfordshire; another Ivel occurs in Somersetshire. The Mease falls into the Trent near Derby; the Maese is a river of Holland; the Meuse of France falls into the Rhine; the Muesa of Switzerland falls into the Ticino. The Lee runs through Hertfordshire, and also occurs in Cheshire. In Ireland the Lee flows near Cork; the Ley occurs in Holland. The Oke is a river of Devonshire; the Oak of Berkshire; the Ochus is in Asia. The Wye, signifying "water," occurs in Monmouthshire and Derbyshire. The Wey is a river of Dorsetshire; another Wey of Surrey falls into the Thames. "And chalky Whey that rolls a milky wave.” The Eider is a river of Ireland; the Eyder, of Denmark. The Laine of Cornwall runs into the Camel; the Lane is a river in Kerry; the Lahn flows into the Rhine. The Sure passes Waterford; the Sure also empties itself into the Moselle in Luxembourgh. The Stour occurs in Warwickshire, Dorset, Worcestershire, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Kent. Nearchus, by the command of Alexander the Great, sailed down the Stour, a branch of the Indus. The Stura falls into the Po. The Senus is one of the ancient rivers of Ireland; the Saone flows into the Rhone; the Seine passes Paris. The Rother occurs in Yorkshire, Sussex, and Kent; the City of Rotterdam takes its name from the Rotte, which there flows into the Maese. The Roth falls into the Inn. The Leche of Gloucestershire falls into the Thames; the Lichus or Lech in Germany flows into the Danube; the Lick of East Prussia flows into the Vistula. The Laden is a river of Durham; the Ladon is in Arcadia. From Dobh, pronounced Dhove, "the Swelling Flood," is probably 1831.] On the Character of the Pretender. derived the Dove of Derbyshire, and the Dove or Dyffi of Merioneth. The Frome occurs in Herefordshire, Dorset, and Somersetshire. The Nid is a river of Yorkshire; the Nidus or Nith of Dumfries, the Neath of Glamorgan. The Usk of Monmouthshire is from "Uisge," water; the Uzka flows into the Dneister. The Wiske is a river of Yorkshire, a river whose name bears a closer resemblance to "Uisge." The Aisch occurs in Franconia. The Clyde, a river of Flintshire, occurs again at Glasgow. The Villy runs into the Nith in Scotland; a similar river, the Willy, gave name to Wilton and Wiltshire. The Ure is a river of Yorkshire; a stream of the same name falls into the Moselle. The Tone gives name to Taunton in Somersetshire; the Tun to Tunbridge in Kent. The Tyne occurs in Northumberland and Cumberland. The Teino flows by Pavia into the Po. The Teign in Devonshire falls into the sea at Teignmouth. The Clare, a name of a river in Suffolk, occurs again in Ireland. The Trent has been supposed to be derived from the French "Trente," in allusion to its thirty tributary streams. The Trent in Dorsetshire falls into the Frome. Of Foreign Rivers, as affording evidence of the connexion of distant nations, it has been remarked by an eminent writer of the last century that the rivers which occur in India, the Hypanis, Baris, Chobar, Soana, Cophis, Phasis, and Indus, are all to be found in the West. The Indus is a river of Caria, the Inda of Lapland. The Choaspes also, a branch of the Tigris, which flows through Chusistan in Persia, has the name of an Indian stream. The rivers Belus and Adonis, in Phoenicia, were probably named in honour of those deities. The Acheron, a river of Egypt, occurs in Elis, Epirus, Pontus, and near Cuma in Campania. Mr. URBAN, E. W. March 10. AFTER the excitation of feeling attendant on the espousal of a cause, presumed (not without reason) to be just, has subsided, and the lapse of years has weakened the sensations produced by transactions important in 399 their results, we are enabled to take an impartial and unempassioned review of events. The reflections of your correspondent I. S. M. at the tomb of Prince Charles Stuart (see vol. c. part ii. p. 396), are in one view pleasing and natural, but on a cool consideration of the conduct of "the Chevalier," connected with his descent on the Highlands, we shall not perhaps be able to say that he was all that his enthusiastic adherents fondly believed him to be. The effect to be apprehended from his obstinate rashness, in commencing hostilities against the advice of his best friends, was prevented by the heroism of his devoted followers, but if he came to gain a crown or a coffin," he should have, if disappointed of the first, shown himself at least not afraid of the last. When he fastened his brogues, which were not to be unloosed until he conquered his right when he drew the claymore which was not to be sheathed until he triumphed over his foes- he should have endeavoured to be consistent. The Prince, who had, without hesitation, committed his gallant followers, fled from Culloden, and saved his own life by submitting to the most distressing privations; heedless of the fate of so many of the best nobles, gentry, and commons of the land, who had risked their all, even life itself, for his cause. His hitherto victorious followers, who burned to revenge their disgrace on this occasion, were unfeelingly commanded by their idolized leader to shift for themselves, and were left, apparently without remorse, to the cruel fate which speedily overtook them. Had his ill-concerted expedition depended on the valour and perseverance of his troops, for never had adventurer a band of more faithful and chivalrous followers, it might not have so terminated. The consequence of this last "rising" was the abolition of the most ancient system of government in Europe, which was perhaps not ill fitted to the people and country. The repression of their primitive institutions has destroyed the integrity of the Highland character, and left us the ruins, which in different views have so forcibly interested society in later periods. The destiny of Britain was not to be longer ruled by the race of Stewart; but, under the |