James William Van Sandt......Carbon

A. B. DePauw University, 1910.

It may be noticed that nine of the graduates have also the A. B. degree of Indiana University, one of Wabash, and one of DePauw University-that is, half of them are full term college graduates as well as medical graduates, and that all but one are residents of Indiana, and five are from Indianapolis.

Cum Laude degrees were also granted to Dr. Ernest O. Asher, of Gosport (M. D. Indiana University, 1912) for thesis on a year's work in the obstetrical department of the Indianapolis City Dispensary, and to Dr. Frederick E. Johnson, of Indianapolis (M. D., 1910, Indianapolis) and A. B., Indiana University, 1908, for thesis on vaccinations at the City Dispensary, Indianapolis.

The degree of Bachelor of Arts was granted to 228 students, of whom 13 were from Indianapolis and 46 from Bloomington. There were 174 males and 54 females-about three young men to one young woman-showing that men are largely in excess, as is the general rule in state university schools.

Of this great class five graduated with high distinction: Helen Barbour, of Bloomington, in English; Frances Marie Hankemeier, of Indianapolis, in German; Albert Livingston Rabb, of Indianapolis, in Economics (father a wellknown attorney, and mother a brilliant author and editor), and Paul Weatherwax of Worthington, specializing in Botany, Forest Glenn Tucker, of Georgetown, in Physics. We take pleasure in recording the above roll of honor. There were eighteen also who graduated with distinction, and the members of these two groups were cheered as they took their diplomas from their respective deans.

Of Bachelors of Science there were twenty-six, all young men. Two were from Indianapolis, Haynes Jordan Freeland, son of Dr. J. F. Freeland, and Michael John Shiel. Also receiving the Bachelor's degree was a Junior medical student, Byron Johnson Peters, of Greentown, Indiana, popular in the medi

cal school, fearless of work, and well received.

Bachelors of Laws numbered twentyfive, no one of them from Indianapolis. There are two independent law schools in Indianapolis, which with the courts as an accessory, renders the city law schools more attractive to the lawyer student as also does the allurement of politics and city life.

So here we have 304 degrees granted in regular courses-Arts, 228; Science, 26; Law, 25; Medicine, 24, which would be over twelve centuries of college work for one persistent and perennial student. We have given these figures some emphasis as they show what the State is accomplishing in cultural studies in a restricted rural community. The State also has a great normal school at Terre Haute, a Technical School at LafayettePurdue University. And all these schools maintain summer terms for teachers and for the conditioned students, which in the Indiana University sum up to over seventy, or about one in five who complete their broken courses during the summer months, but retain standing and graduate with their class. This is a great convenience for teachers and others seeking degrees. Indeed, the plan of Chicago University and of the German universities of granting the degree upon the completion of the work, has manifest advantages.

Nor does the state university neglect post-graduate work.. At the present commencement some fifty Masters of Art degrees were granted. Ten or twelve of these were given to young women. Many of the A. M. honors went to teachers in high schools and universities. Three of these were granted to Indianapolis women: Miss Ruth R. Maxwell, daughter of Dr. A. Maxwell of Indianapolis; Miss Grace Maxwell Philputt, daughter of the Rev. Philputt of Indianapolis, and Miss Martha May Kincaid, each received the degree for a thesis in French literature, their major work being in the Romance languages.

The culmination of routine university work is to receive the degree of Doctor

of Philosophy. There were four Ph.D. degrees awarded with due dignity and solemnity: Miss F. B. Brownfield (A.B., DePauw, 1895), Literature; Clarence E. Edmondson (A. B., Indiana, 1906), Philosophy; Thomas E. Mason (A. B., Indiana, 1905), Mathematics; Henry N. Sherwood (A. B., Indiana, 1909; A. M. Harvard, 1910), History. And thus was the circle of Indiana University drawn complete from the secondary schools to Doctor of Philosophy, or rather, an ascending spiral attempting to reach the very pinnacles of wisdomall thought and all subjects of all thought.

The chief interest of the medical profession in the state university is naturally in her school of medicine, located in Indianapolis, but with preparatory courses in Bloomington. This is one of the greatest responsibilities the university has ever assumed. A medical school is no joke; it requires great means and great men. A medical school cannot stand at level water, as with liberal arts, law, or theology. It must go with the rising tide of biology, and in touch with the highest reaches of humanity. Medicine is rapidly becoming the function of the state and the state must educate the physician and foot the bills. Flexnor, in his 1910 report on the rank and standing of every medical school in the country, made to the Carnegie foundation, said of the Indiana University school: "That inasmuch as the State Medical Board has made the two-year college standard the legal minimum for practice in Indiana and as the university trustees have committed themselves to this policy, they can do the state no greater service than to make the needs of the medical school in Indianapolis a first lien upon the increasing income of the university, if the university is to make good the ideals indicated by its entrance requirements."

There is money enough. Cincinnati has bonded herself for five millions for hospitals for her citizens. All great hospital centers by custom and necessity become

The

adjuncts to schools of medicine. editors of this journal have with many others, for over 30 years, been teachers in the schools now combined in the University School of Medicine and in all these years the City Hospital and City Dispensary have been the great arenas of clinical teaching and learning, as they are today. The makers and teachers of these schools were mainly the soldier-surgeons who had but little money to give but who freely and gladly gave themselves. They were the leaders and founders of our boards of health, our local medical society and medical journals, of our medical colleges and they were our first schools for the training of nurses. The present college site and building now used by the Indiana University School of Medicine was their free gift to the State of Indiana. Through their influence and support came the successive church hospitals, the new Long Hospital, the gift of over $200,000 of Mr. Burdsall to the Health Board and Park Board of Indianapolis. There are fortunes awaiting the institutions who will rightly use them for the medical and sanitary uplift of the great state of Indiana. Within the month forty millions have been donated to Washington University in St. Louis, and the end is not yet. For medicine is now spectacular; it is in the limelight, as the greatest educator and redeemer of the human race.

Those interested seriously in medical education and the advancement of medicine as one of the practical sciences would do well to study the analyses of the Council of Medical Education of the American Medical Association. Summed up by the Lancet Clinic of June 6, 1914, we find Indiana is one of the elect. On medical education we have crossed the Rubicon; there is no retreat. Indiana University Medical School is one of the seven pioneers-in the words

Lancet-Clinic:

of

the

"Of the schools of medicine located in the great central continental valley, the only institutions whose graduates have access to the examinations of all of the state boards—anyone of which they

may elect to take-are the Indiana University School of Medicine, at Indianapolis; Washington University Medical School, at St. Louis; Western Reserve University School of Medicine, at Cleveland; Medical Department of the University of Cincinnati, at Cincinnati, and the University of Pittsburgh, Medical Department, at Pittsburgh. Only when he is a graduate of one of these schools has the young physician of this Central West absolute freedom of choice as to what state he shall live and practice in. This is such a vastly important matter that preceptors and the heads of the colleges of arts and sciences throughout this section of the country should not only know it, but give it the widest publicity among their students— for a false step, the entrance into a lowgrade medical school, a school that is not recognized fully by a state board, chains a young man to a constantly narrowing locality and bars him professionally from new fields, no matter how fair and promising they may be."

All we have written goes to show that we have made no false step in medical education in Indiana. We have set our ideals high; they have been accepted in good faith by the State, and by the medical profession. We are in the period of becoming-of storm and stress, a period in which we need wise council and guid ance, and mutual helpfulness.

It will be long before we have full time paid professors for our laboratories, and practical, that is, clinical medicine will for many years to come, as it is in every medical school in the country at the present time, be taught by men in practice. There should be no steps taken that will offend the sense and judgment or lose to the school the loyalty and courage of the noble body of men who made the union possible and gave all to the State University School. They are nearing the scriptural limit of time, rather than as with Dante, "midway upon the journey of our life." Most of them may well say with Victor Vaughan in his presidential address at the Atlantic City meeting"One who is soon to be mustered out of

service on account of old age, salutes the younger members of the profession. An old soldier who has served the ranks for nearly forty years, steps from his decimated regiment, lifts his cap and cheers you, as you pass by in your new dress and armed with weapons of greater efficiency than was known when he enlisted. The cause is the liberation of the race from the bonds of superstition and ignorance, and it is a glorious one." But their names as long as they live should remain upon the register where they wrote them. A. W. B.

THE

FUTURE OF SOME OF THOSE TO WHOM THE STATE GIVES AID, NOTABLY THE DEAF AND DISABLED.

It may not generally be known and yet it is a fact that the Long Hospital was in reality in operation before the building was erected. This upon the surface may seem within itself a contradiction. However, these are the facts not generally known. Certain appropriations have been used for a year or more by the University School to care for the poor of the state needing medical and surgical attention. Dean Emerson and the surgeons and physicians of the faculty have given their services free of charge and the compensation has gone to some of the local hospitals. Some of the state institutions have furnished patients who were sorely in need of surgical attention. Many of these have become able-bodied and frequently a life has been saved. With the enlarged opportunities given by the Long Hospital hundreds now a care and expense to the state will no doubt be able to earn a livlihood. It seems fair to presume that the halt and lame when cured possess an independence enabling them to compete with the average man in life's work.

Let us now look in another direction. The state utilizes large items of money in support of institutions for the blind and deaf. It would seen that here is an example of one of the most expensive of educations. An effort is made to furnish a competency to the seemingly unfit

so far as nature will permit. As the Long Hospital will make it possible for many of the unfit to engage successfully in life's battle, so the education of the blind and the deaf-mutes is only another phase of the subject. It would be interesting to know the history of those who have received an education at the deaf and dumb institution, for instance. What is the value of such an individual compared with other men? Has such a person made a success in life when without the state's help he would have made a failure. By virtue of this education how far has such a person contributed to the betterment of the state? If there are failures has it been the fault of the individual or the people who refuse him opportunity?

The Literary Digest for May 23, quotes quite liberally from an article in the Volta Review by a deaf man, Jerry Albert Pierce, entitled, "The Economic Efficiency of the Deaf." It is said that more money is spent for the education of the deaf than for normal children and then the people think their duty is done. They forget that the deaf man expects to live a few years after he has finished his education. The writer seems to be of the opinion that they are not admitted to the contest in life as equals. It is evident that the people have a duty after the state has done its share, otherwise the expense incurred by the state has in part gone for naught. Pierce says the deaf man has certain advantages over his hearing brother, chief among these is his ability to concentrate, which is a great aid in economic competition. In large offices, in the chemical laboratory, statistical work or any branch of activity where communication is not an absolute necessity, the deaf man is unexcelled. They look upon life more earnestly and the mind matures younger.

To quote again the Digest says: To really understand what a deaf man is one must look at him from a deaf man's viewpoint. To do otherwise is to share in the already biased and illogical opinion held by the average hearing man, who takes the deaf-mute as his subject.

That the deaf are better thinkers and more serious minded men and women is true. These characteristics are the result of deafness itself, and not of the artificial handicaps or peculiarities incident to our social life. When a child becomes infected with some disease serious enough to destroy its auditory organs, it is deaf. It is not dumb, and does not become so until its vocal organs are atrophied by disease so that they are too weak to perform their functions. This is caused primarily by the carelessness and ignorance of the people with whom it comes in contact. It is not its fault, but that of its environment. It is the opinion of the writer that the deaf receive actual discouragement at every turn, and, instead of being helped, they are pitied.

Pierce on several occasions applied for positions in his own professionchemistry-and nearly every time has been refused employment because of his deafness. One time he read the lips of his prospective employer so readily that the latter did not know of his defect. The position was given to him and frantically taken back five minutes later when the writer voluntarily explained that he was unable to hear a sound. He had been accepted as an expert chemist and as a potentially valuable employee and then declined because "no one had ever heard of a deaf chemist. It was not only unusual, but impossible."

The "unusual" occupations are the ones that will in time make an opening in the world for the deaf. They are "unusual" now merely because this class of people is just beginning to rise. There was a time when all occupations were "unusual” for them, and they were, with few exceptions, as much objects of charity as idiots are now. Later on shoemaking, mattress-making, printing, paper-hanging, painting and baking were grudgingly given to them as possible fields of endeavor, and now such trades are considered to be the only legitimate ones. Among the speaking and lip-reading deaf are found a few pioneers who broke the boundary set for deaf-mutes and became architects,