for the support of their Corporation. That the several Governments of this Kingdom, since the said siege, upon representation that the walls of the said citty were of noe strength or defence against an army, were pleased to give liberty to open the same for gates in several places. That the tide ebbs and flows round the said citty, and the said walls, as they now stand, are of noe defence, but a charge to your petitioners, and that the ground next within the said walls, as well as the ground on which the said walls stand, belongs to your petitioners; may it please your Grace, in consideration of the premises, to grant your petitioners the said walls, and your petitioners will ever pray.

Note. The above-named Edward Hoare was M.P. at the time for Cork, in the Irish Parliament. He was ancestor of the Hoares of Factory-hill, whose city residence was the house in Hoare's-lane, afterwards Pike's Bank, with the date on the brick. Pike did not settle in Cork before 1664-(see Lives of Pike and Oxley). Joseph Pike's father-Richard, came to Ireland a corporal in a troop of Cromwell's horse, in which he remained until 1655. He was of Newbury, in Berkshire. Joseph was born at Kilcrea, County Cork, and died in 1729, atat. 70. (See Wright's History of the Quakers in Ireland, ed. Rutty, p. 296.1)

Abraham French was mayor in 1717, which is probably the date of the petition. Wm. Hawkins and Charles Cotterel were sheriffs. Daniel Perdreau was mayor in 1712, Edward Browne in 1714, Philip French in 1715, and William Lamley in 1716. Ed. Knapp, 1703. Ed. Knapp, 1703. R. Delahoyde, 1708.

E. Hoare, 1710.

The walls appear to have been so effectually demolished that but little now remains of them. Some vestiges, however, are still visible; the most considerable portion is said to be that in Connel's Court, off Hanover St., which is some fifty yards in length, about four feet thick, and six or eight feet high. Another fragment is to be found on the Grand Parade, and others elsewhere. Part of these may be of Danish origin.

1 NOTE ADDED IN THE PRESS.-The following notice of Joseph Pike occurs in the Register of the Freemen of the City of Cork, 1656-1782, copied from the original by Dr. Caulfield (MS. penes me) —

"Mar. 27, 1685.-Joseph Pike presented to the Council by Edw Webber, Esq., then Mayor, as his Freeman, and thereupon ordered that he be admitted and allowed as a freeman of the city."

Miscellanea.

Carved Stone in Knappaghmanagh, County Mayo.-The "Killeen" graveyard in Knappaghmanagh, near Westport, is within a cashel or round enclosure, of which part remains and most can be traced. The stone is a roughly triangular slab of local greenish-grey rock, on which have been incised two concentric circles and a cross within the inner circle. The ends of the cross expand slightly. A very small round hollow is within each quarter of the cross. Above the outer circle is the outline of a human full face, the chin just touching the circle. At each side at the level of junction of head and circle is a much larger round hollow. From below the circle three lines extend to the lower edge of the stone. In the lower left-hand corner are two crosses in a rectangle, like a union-jack. These are all shallow incised lines very neatly cut, which seem to have been made at the same time, very much weathered

7904

CARVED STONE, KNAPPAGHMANAGH.

and so obscured by moss and
lichen that they would have been
overlooked if the man who showed
me the
way had not pointed them

out.

I took three photographs(1) of the stone as it lay; (2) with the carvings faintly denoted ; (3) after raising the stone to show the part hidden by grass, and after rubbing chalk into the lines

and hollows to make them show clearly.

The stone is 2 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 6 inches. The outer circle is 9 inches wide; the inner is 7 inches wide. The head is 5 inches by 44 inches.

Outside the cashel are foundations of a small round enclosure or building called the "Fert."

A little way to the north, in a field beside the boreen, is a cave, now covered up. Close to it was a long stone which is said to have been taken about fifty years ago to make a lintel for a new church at Knappagh. I was told that it was very long, and that any man in the neighbourhood who did a job in whitewashing gave it a coat.

This graveyard, and an altar and the long stone and cave, are marked in the Ordnance Survey 6-inch Sheet No. 88. The altar is built against the inside of the cashel, and is said to have been used in the time of the Penal Laws.

In this neighbourhood are two other long stones. One is near the old graveyard in Lankill, and is marked with crosses and other designs. The third is called Clagpatrick, or Clochadda, and is in Lanmore, between the other two.-H. T. KNOX.

The

With regard to the stone that Mr. Hubert Knox photographed-the central cross with the indented holes is common in Ireland, but the double one is rarer, and in this case I think ancient. I came to the conclusion yesterday, after a careful examination, that both crosses were old, but that the head and legs in the central one were added on, at a comparatively later date. The head is cut in finer lines, has sharper edges, and is not at all weathered by age like the double cross. Rev. Mr. Forbes, the rector of Louisburgh, told me that the local masons there had a habit of adding on some device of their own to any old inscribed stone, and gave me an instance of it. I think in this case something similar has occurred. Probably the stone was on the old altar close by, which is a rough erection of loose stones. It may have been removed to make a headstone for a grave. No other stone is more than a foot square in size.-W. E. KELLY.

Clontygora Cromlech, County Armagh.-About half way on the little mountain road connecting Narrow Water Ferry and the village of Jonesborough, in the County Armagh, lies one of the least-known of the ancient cromlechs of the North of Ireland. It is quite easy of access, on the south side of the road, in the townland of Clinchygolagh, Cloonshy gora, Cloontigora, or Clontygora, as it is divergently pronounced, the last being the name on the Ordnance map, No. 29, where it is shown as a "carn and cromlech."

To all appearance it has never been disturbed by the hand of man. It has been preserved, apparently not intentionally, by the advantage taken of its existence as being a good angle-point for the convergence of three large stone-fences. It is thus almost completely hidden from public observation.

As near as I could judge, the front faces north-east. This was originally in the form of a semicircle, as three outstanding stones would determine, the two stones forming the front of the chamber being in the centre. Two fine stones stand in the fence to the right hand close together, one of which has one or two circular holes drilled in it. A third outstanding stone, as part of the semicircle, is in another of the fences, and is very large.

The two front stones forming the chamber are carefully set, yet the

covering stone does not rest directly upon these, but upon another long stone placed across and rather behind and touching them, forming something like a great lintel. The covering stone is nearly twelve feet long, and about seven wide in the front. Each side is each formed of an immense long stone laid on its edge, and plainly visible in both sides of the rampart stone fence. The whole is left intact by the nature of its surroundings. The interior of the chamber is filled with small field stones, and no means are left to examine it; but I understand that tradition tells of "curious things" being got in the inside at one time.

It is a great pity that this fine monument is so disfigured with accumulations of stones, so completely destroying its goodly appearance and

proportions. If isolated from the connecting fences, it would probably be found to be fine megalithic structures. It might be a matter of consideration for the Society to endeavour, through some person locally interested in antiquarian research, to have this matter remedied by diverting one of the stone walls a little aside, and clearing out the chamber.

It is said that in the field behind were a lot of "other large stones." These have been removed through the advancement of agriculture and for other reasons.-THOMAS HALL.

Clontygora is noted, but not described, by Mr. W. C. Borlase in "Dolmens of Ireland," vol. i., p. 304. The plan of Annagh Cloghmullin, if correct (p. 303), shows a similar semicircular façade. Each may be a relic of such circles as are found at the end of straight-sided enclosures in more than one of the Slievemore monuments on Achill Island, and at Ballyglass in Mayo, and Highwood in Sligo.-THOMAS J. WESTROPP.

The Warden's House, Youghal (see Journal, vol. xxxiii., p. 345).— Mr. G. Orpen is correct as to the mistake which has so long obtained in identifying the present Myrtle Grove with the Warden's House. matter of fact, the Wardens of Youghal lived in community with the other Fellows at the Old College House, from 1465 till 1560. In 1522 John Bennett, the Warden, "lived in the College of Youghal," which had been largely endowed by his father and grandfather, and he was presented to the episcopacy of Cork and Cloyne. In 1535 Thomas Allen was Warden of Youghal, and Richard Skiddy was his successor, 1566-1578. After this date the actual Warden's House, or Old College, got ruinous. Certain it is that in 1578 the Warden was non-resident. On March 4th, 1580-1, Marmaduke Middleton, Bishop of Waterford, was given the Wardenship; but the College had been left in ruins over a year previously by Gerald, Earl of Desmond. Youghal was again plundered for four days, in January, 1583, by Patrick Condon. In 1586 Alexander Gough, chanter of Youghal, lived in the Old College. He is frequently called "Sir" Alexander Gough-a common appellation in those days of a priestgraduate. On May 15th, 1598, John Carden, Bishop of Down and Connor, was presented to the Wardenship of Youghal, vacant by the deprivation of Nathaniel Baxter. Carden had to live in Cork during the winter and spring of 1598-1599. He was succeeded as Warden by Meredith Hanmer on October 10th, 1599, who of course never resided in Youghal. It is now certain that Sir Richard Boyle acquired the New College House of Youghal, so as to hand it over to his nephew Richard, who was presented to the Wardenship by the Crown on February 24th, 1602-3. Anyhow, there is ample documentary evidence of the existence of the College House from 1610 onwards. The Earl of Cork's eldest son, Roger, was born in the College (Warden's) House on August 1st, 1606.

I am strongly of opinion that Raleigh never built the house which is called after him. In fact, Raleigh never lived six months in Youghal; and he performed his duties as Mayor in 1588 and 1589 by deputy. I rather incline to the belief that Sir Thomas Norreys built the New College in 1592-3, and in 1596 he was anxious to sell it. As Mr. Goddard Orpen says, Raleigh's name only appears on October 27th, 1602; but Sir Richard Boyle did not acquire the College House by the deed of December 7th, 1602.