to be one of the greatest blessings ever conferred on the city; contributing in a most essential manner to the health, happiness, and comfort of the people. Philadelphia is not so favourably situated for foreign commerce as New-York, and the custom-house returns show that it does not possess it to the extent of one-half of that possessed by the sister city; but it has other advantages of a most substantial nature, and, if cultivated to the extent of which they are susceptible, it will not only hold its present rank, but will greatly increase in population and wealth. Philadelphia is admirably situated for manufacturing, and at present the manufactures are very considerable, and of great importance; but many of them, particularly the important branches of cottons and woollens, may be greatly extended; and from the peculiar advantages of this city, and the industry of its inhabitants, it is to be presumed they will increase rapidly. The city lies in the lower focus of one of the most fertile, best settled, and best cultivated spots in the United States, and has a fine navigable stream on one side a stream rendered navigable by artificial means, and possessing great water power on the other; and the country in its vicinity abounds with creeks and rivulets, having numerous mill-seats. In the interior of the country, on the head waters of the Schuylkill and Lehigh rivers, about 100 miles from Philadelphia, very large beds of coal exist, which is now brought down the canal and river, in great quantities, which will be of great importance to manufactures. The county of Philadelphia is very intimately connected with the city. It stretches along the Delaware, extending about eight miles below the city, and fifteen above it, and is, on an average, about seven miles broad. It contains, besides the city and suburbs, several flourishing villages, particularly Germantown and Frankford, and the whole is very thickly settled.

The population of the county by the last census was 137,097, of which the city and suburbs, including Moyamensing and Passyunk, contained 114,410, classed as follows:

Of these there were employed in Agriculture,

In 1826, there were 5000 looms in the city of
Philadelphia alone.

1132

BALTIMORE is situated at the head of tide-water on Patapsco River, a branch of Chesapeak Bay, about 200 miles from the sea, and is an elegant thriving city. It has a fine harbour, and the bay and river are navigable at all seasons, with the exception of some very slight interruptions occasionally in the winter time. It is supported by a rich back country, and is a market for some of the finest districts of Maryland and Pennsylvania, so that it has a very considerable commerce, both foreign and domestic. The manufactures are considerable, and they are increasing, and there are considerable manufactures in the vicinity. The citizens of Baltimore have displayed great taste and liberality in improving and ornamenting the city,

* See the plan.

and in advancing literature and the arts, so that this city is a desirable place of residence. It is supplied with pure water from a fine spring within the limits of the city, which greatly contributes to the convenience, health, and comfort of the inhabitants.

With these advantages Baltimore has advanced very rapidly. In 1790, the population was 13,503; in 1800, 26,514; in 1810, 35,583; and in 1820, 62,738 population of 1820 is classed in the census as follows:

The

CHARLESTON, South Carolina, is built upon a península between Ashley and Cooper rivers, and overlooks a spacious harbour, secured by a bar at its outlet to the ocean. The city is nearly a mile square, and has many handsome buildings, but the streets are generally unpaved, and are often disagreeable. The citizens are generally well informed, hospitable, easy, and polite in their manners; and possessing a great share of spirit and enterprise; they carry on an active foreign commerce, and also a large trade with the northern states. The principal staple of the state is cotton, and Charleston is the great market for disposing of it; and as it can always be sold

* See the plan.

for ready money, it affords the means of purchasing freely all kinds of goods foreign and domestic. The whole foreign exports from the state are from Charleston, and in 1821 they amounted to $7,200,511, of which $6,876, 515 was domestic, the rest foreign. The population in 1790, was 16,359; in 1800, 20,473; in 1810, 24,711; and in 1820, 24,780.

The population of 1820 is classed in the census as follows:

SAVANNAH, in Georgia, is situated on the south side of Savannah River. It is regularly laid out on a high sandy bluff, and has wells of fine water, so that it is an agreeable and healthy situation for 8 or 9 months in the year, but the latter end of summer and fall months are often very sickly. It is a situation very favourable for commerce, of which it has a large share, being the chief shipping port of one of the principal cotton-growing states. The exports in 1821 amounted to $6,014,310, of which $34,315 was foreign productions, the remainder domestic. In 1800, the population was 5146; in 1810, 5215; and in 1820, 7523; classed as follows:

Of these there are 544 engaged in manufactures, and 590 in commerce.

NEW-ORLEANS.* This city is admirably situated for commerce. It is at the head of ship navigation on the Mississippi, one of the largest and most important rivers in the world, so that it may be regarded as the shipping port of nearly the whole of the western states. Its position is the best that could have been chosen in that low alluvial country, and though it is in some respects unfavourable to health during the summer and fall months, yet it has many advantages. The sea breeze is the prevailing wind, and the water of the Mississippi is very salubrious, and favourable to health. The winters are mild, and consumptions, so prevalent in northern cities, are hardly known here.

By the table of exports for 1821, inserted page 93, it will be seen that the exports from Louisiana amounted to $7,382,000, of which only $365,000 was of foreign produce; while Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas are not noticed as having any exports. The fact is, that New-Orleans is the great shipping port of all the states mentioned, as well as of the western parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and from its particular position it must always continue to be Hence it must continue to increase in population and wealth. It will, however, be a place principally for mer

so.

* See the plan.