TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.

Counties.

Whites. Free coloured. Slaves. Others. Total.

Agriculture and Produce.-The agriculture of this state presents a pleasing appearance. The farms are generally from 50 to 500 acres, and are well cultivated. The produce generally is wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in profusion, and some hemp, with a great variety of vegetables and fruit. The soil is well adapted to grazing, and a great deal of butter and cheese is annually made. A good deal of pork is cured, and cider is made in great plenty and perfection.

Manufactures and Commerce.-This is a great manufacturing state. From the earliest part of the settlement the industrious inhabitants of Connecticut, generally made their own clothing; and manufactures have gradually sprung up upon a larger scale. The manufacture of cotton and woollen is extensive; also linens, leather of every description, iron of every description, tin ware, a great variety, hats, stockings, paper, wire, bells, soap, candles, oil, clocks and watches, earthen and stone ware, chaises, harness, guns and fire-arms, glass buttons, wooden manufactures of every description. The number of persons

engaged in manufactures in this state is, by the census, 17,541.

The state has a considerable shipping trade, but it is principally in the coasting way; hence but a small portion of its exports appear on the Custom House books, NewYork being in fact the great exporting port of this state. The foreign exports, in 1820, amounted to only $376,000, of which $10,000 was foreign articles. The principal exports consist of horses, butter, cheese, cider, Indian corn, beef, pork, fish, and manufactured goods. The number of persons employed in commerce is 3,581.

Cities, Towns, and Villages.-There are five incorporated cities in Connecticut, viz: New Haven, Hartford, Middletown, New London, and Norwich, and there are a great many interesting towns and villages in the state.

NEW HAVEN is the largest city, and is, alternately with Hartford, the seat of government of the state. It is beautifully situated on the head of a bay which sets up from Long Island Sound, distant four miles; and has a pretty considerable shipping trade. A steam boat runs between it and New-York every day, and the line is continued by another boat, which runs between it and Norwich, at the head of Thames River. The city is regularly laid out, and has a fine square in the centre, on which the public buildings and seminaries of learning are situated. Yale College is one of the most respectable institutions in the Union, and possesses the finest cabinet of minerals. The students are usually from 4 to 500 and upwards. The population in 1820, was 7147.

HARTFORD is situated on the west bank of Connecticut River, 40 miles from its outlet, and 34 from Newport. It is favourably situated for trade, being at the head of sloop navigation, and having a pretty extensive and fertile back country. Steam boats ply to New-York. Population, 4726.

Middletown is situated on the west bank of Connecticut River, and is the seat of a number of very important manufacturing establishments. Here is a military school of 250 students, conducted on an excellent plan, by Capt. Partridge, formerly of West Point. Population 2618.

New London is situated on the west bank of Thames River, about 4 miles from Long Island Sound, and is a place of considerable trade. Population, 3330.

Norwich is situated at the head of Thames River, 14 miles above New London. Being at the head of navigation, and the back country being extensive, it has considerable commerce, and it is also the seat of considerable manufactures. Population, 2983.

Saybrook is situated at the outlet of Connecticut River, and is one of the oldest settlements in the state. It is principally concerned in the fisheries. Population of the township, 4165.

Stafford is situated 27 miles north-east of Hartford, and is celebrated for its medicinal springs, and iron manufactories. Population of the township, 2369.

Litchfield is situated west of Hartford 32 miles, in a romantic, hilly country, and has numerous thriving manufactories. Population of the township, 4610.

Weathersfield is situated on the west side of Connecticut River, between Hartford and Middletown, and is celebrated for its crops of onions. Population of the township, 3825.

Stratford is situated on the west side of Housatonic River, about two miles from its outlet; and the Borough of Bridgeport is in Stratford township, and has considerable trade. Population of the township, 2895.

Fairfield is situated on Long Island Sound, 8 miles west of Stratford. It has a good harbour, and considerable shipping trade. All the towns bordering on the sound

have their regular steam boats to the city of New-York. Population of the township, 4157.

Norwalk is situated on Long Island Sound, 8 miles west of Fairfield, and has a little shipping in the coasting trade. Population of the township, 3004.

Roads, Canals, and Improvements.-This industrious state is famous for its turnpike roads, which extend over the country in every direction; and a great many excellent bridges have been built over the rivers. Acanal is now making from New Haven to Farmington, and thence to the Connecticut River at Northampton. The channel of Connecticut River has been deepened between Hartford and Middletown at a considerable expense.

Government and Laws.-It has been stated that Connecticut continued to act upon the old charter until 1818. A new constitution was then adopted, nearly similar to those of the other states; the powers of government being legislative, executive, and judiciary. The legislature consists of a senate and house of representatives, both of which are annually elected. The executive department is vested in a governor and lieutenant-governor, both annually elected by the people. The lieutenant-governor is, in virtue of his office, speaker of the senate. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court of errors, a superior court, and such inferior courts as the legislature may from time to time establish. The judges are appointed by the assembly, and hold their offices during good behaviour. Justices are appointed by the assembly annually. No man can be a judge or justice after he is 70 years of age. Every white male citizen of the United States of 21 years and upwards, who is settled in the state, and has paid a tax within a year, and supports a good moral character, is entitled to vote at elections.

Education and Manners.-Yale College, at New Haven,

was founded in 1701, and is a thriving and most valuable seminary, where all the various branches of literary and scientific subjects are taught at an easy expense. There are a number of academies established in different parts of the state, and the law directs that a grammar school shall be kept in every county town. But the great and important advantage in this state, in respect to education, consists in a common school being established in each township, so that education is placed within the reach of every member of the community. The school fund of the state amounts to one million and a half of dollars. With very democratic principles, arising from the nature of their social institutions-with ample means for public instruction-with the habits of industry, cleanliness, and order, universally apparent throughout the state, the citizens of Connecticut must continue to improve, and to possess an ample share of all the blessings of civil and social life.

Boundaries.-On the north, Lower Canada; east, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; south-east, the Atlantic Ocean; south, New-Jersey and Pennsylvania; and west and north-west, Upper Canada, from which it is separated by Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers.

Face of the Country.-This is a large and very interesting state, occupying the whole breadth of the United States, from the Atlantic Ocean to the great lakes; its surface, therefore, exhibits all the variety of level, hilly,