of which 442 are supported by charity. Lunatics, of which 184 are supported by charity. NEW-JERSEY. 1,421 819 Boundaries.-On the north, New-York; east, NewYork and Atlantic Ocean; south-west Delaware Bay, which divides it from Delaware; west, Pennsylvania. Face of the Country.-The south-east part of the state is generally low and sandy. The middle part above the road from New-York to Philadelphia is undulating, and agreeably uneven. The upper part is mountainous. Mountains.-Two considerable ridges of mountains run along the upper part of this state. One is a continuation of the Blue Ridge in Pennsylvania, and runs along the S. E. side of the Delaware River; the other is a continuation of the South Mountains, and runs from the south of Easton, in Pennsylvania, in the direction of Newburg, in New-York. Of this chain, Schooly's Mountain, on which there is a mineral spring, is the most noted. Rivers.-The Delaware, already described, skirts the state on the west, and Hudson River skirts the northern part on the east. None of the other rivers are of great note, although the state is very well watered, and there are plenty of mill seats. Some of the minor streams have also pretty good navigation. Passaic River is a considerable stream, in the N. E. part of the state, and is remarkable for its falls, about 18 miles N. W. from New-York, where there are great manufactories. Rariton River rises in the western part of the state, and runs an eastwardly course to Brunswick, from whence there is a great deal of intercourse by water; the river below that place and Rariton Bay affording excellent navigation. Geological Formation.—The north-west corner, to the breadth of about 20 miles, is transition, and this is succeeded by a vein of primitive, stretching across the state, from N. E. to S. W. also about 20 miles broad. Thence a vein of the Old Red Sandstone formation extends to below Trenton, being about 30 miles broad, and all the low part of the state, to the south-east, is alluvial. Soil.-In the alluvial part of the state the soil is generally sandy and poor, although there is often good land along the water courses and other places, and along the bays there is a great deal of salt meadow. In the interior and upper part of the state the soil is much better; and the mountainous district has a strong soil, and forms a fine grazing country. Minerals. In the low alluvial country there is a great deal of bog iron ore, and there is a good deal of iron in other parts of the state. There is a lead mine near Trenton; and coal is found below New Brunswick. Copper has been found in several places, and also some silver. NEW-JERSEY. Many rare minerals are found near Hamburgh, in Sussex county. There are a great number of quarries of freestone in different parts of the state, and there is a slate quarry in Hunterdon county. Climate. The climate of the upper part of New-Jersey is nearly similar to that of the contiguous part of NewYork. It may be all classed as the middle, but the northern part is considerably colder than the south. Among the mountains it is very similar to that of Massachusetts and Connecticut; but in all the south-east part it is as warm as at Philadelphia. Historical View.-In 1664 New-Jersey was granted by patent to the Duke of York, who reconveyed his patent to Berkley and Carteret; and in 1667 it became a distinct province, and Carteret governor. In 1676 it was divided into East and West Jersey, and next year the Duke of York claimed the western part. In 1680 the government of West Jersey was restored, and William Penn having arrived in Pennsylvania in 1681, he and others, in 1682, purchased Carteret's share of New-Jersey. In 1683, a new grant was made to the Earl of Perth, and in 1688 the province was annexed to the English government. In 1701 there were considerable dissensions among the proprietors, and the government was surrendered to Queen Anne. In 1738 Princeton College was founded. In 1746 a quota of troops were furnished for an expedition against Canada; and the province being a faithful adherent to the British cause, commissioners were sent to the general congress at Albany in 1754. But the inhabitants resented the plan of the British ministry to tax them without their consent, and sent deputies to the colonial congress in 1765. In 1775 matters having come to an open rupture, New-Jersey was included in the restraining act, and in 1776 the inhabitants adopted a new constitution. During the contest for national independence, New-Jersey was almost constantly the seat of war, and suffered severely both in lives and property; but when peace was restored it soon recovered its prosperity. In 1787 the constitution of the United States was adopted unanimously by the legislature, and the state has continued a faithful adherent of the Union ever since. Population. In 1701, New-Jersey contained about 15,000 inhabitants; in 1738, 47,369; in 1745, 61,403; in 1763, about 100,000; in 1776, 161,000; in 1790, 184,139; in 1800, 211,149; in 1810, 245,562; and in 1820, 277,575, situated as in the following TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. Whites. Free blacks. Slaves. All others. Total. 15,396 1,059 1,683 Counties. Bergen, 40 18,178 Hunterdon, 26,454 1,443 616 982 1,248 25,038 21,368 14,022 Agriculture and Produce.-In the lower part of the state, where the soil is generally sandy and poor, the prin |