Boundaries.-North and north-east, by North Carolina; south-east, by the Atlantic Ocean; and south-west, by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah River.

Face of the Country.-From the Atlantic Ocean to Camden and Columbia the country is generally low, flat, and sandy, with many swamps, and rich land on the banks of the rivers; on the coast there are a great many inlets and islands. Above Columbia the country becomes elevated, and has a variegated and agreeably uneven surface to the mountains, which rise to a considerable elevation in the N. W. part of the state.

Mountains.-The mountainous district in South Carolina is not very extensive, but it is very interesting, being altogether of the primitive formation, as in New England; the mountains are high, bold, and precipitous, and have many interesting valleys between them. A number of the peaks are very high, and from their summits there are elegant prospects of the country below. The elevation of the highest peaks is probably between 4000 and 5000 feet.

Rivers.-The principal streams, the Santee, Great Pedee, and Savannah, having been mentioned in the general view, it only remains here to advert to some of the lesser waters and tributary branches.

Little Pedee River and Waccamaw River both rise in North Carolina, and fall into Big Pedee on the east side. Lynch's Creek is a large stream, rising in North Caro

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lina, and running in a south-east direction, it falls into Pedee River, on the west side.

Black River rises near Camden, and runs a course generally south-east to the Pedee, which it reaches above Georgetown.

Catawba River is a main branch of the Santee. Its rise and progress to the North Carolina state line, was noticed last article. In South Carolina, it assumes the name of Wateree, and holds a general course of about south-southeast, and passing Camden, it unites with the Congaree about 30 miles below Columbia. The united streams form the Santee. The Catawba Falls, above Rocky Mount, are a great curiosity. The general width of the river is about 180 yards; but here it is contracted to about 60, and thus contracted, it rushes with great violence from one precipice to another, making altogether above 20 different falls; the whole height being above 100 feet. The scenery round is very grand, and well worth the attention of the traveller.

Broad River is the middle or main branch of the Santee River. It rises among the mountains of North Carolina, and flowing a general south-east course, it receives the waters of Pacolet River, Tyger River, and Ennoree River, and unites with Saluda River, above Columbia.

Saluda River is the most western branch of Santee. It rises near Greenville, in the upper country, and runs a general south-east course to where it unites with Broad River.

Cooper River rises near Santee River, 40 miles north from Charleston, and unites with Ashley River below that city. Cooper River is chiefly remarkable as being the medium of a water communication, which, by a canal, is connected with Santee River.

Edisto River rises between Columbia and Augusta, and

running a general south-east course, it falls into the Atlantic Ocean at Edisto Island, about 30 miles south-west from Charleston.

Combahee River is composed of two streams, called the Big and Little Saltketchers, which rise above Barnwell Court House, and run a south-east course to where they unite, and form the Combahee, 32 miles above St. Helena Sound.

Coosaw, or Coosawhatchie River, rises in Black Swamp, and runs a south-east course of about 45 miles, when it falls into the bay above Beaufort.

Keowee, or Seneca River, rises among the mountains in the upper part of the state, and falls into Savannah River below Pendleton Court House.

Geological Formation.-The whole of the lower part of the state, from the Atlantic Ocean to a line drawn southwest from Avereysboro', in North Carolina, to Augusta in Georgia, is alluvial. The line passes south-west, a few miles above Camden and Columbia. The remaining part of the state is wholly primitive, with the exception of two small specks of transition, which skirt the alluvial, one opposite to Augusta, and the other above Camden.

Seil and Natural Productions.-The low country, or alluvial, has a sandy soil, bearing large forests of pine, interspersed with fertile spots of deep mould in the swamps and along the banks of the rivers, which produce canes and cypress. In the upper or primitive district, the soil is generally good near to the foot of the mountains, when it becomes broken and rugged. The mountains are precipitous, with a thin soil, but the valleys among them are fertile. The natural productions, generally, are nearly the same as in North Carolina. Snake root and Pink root are abundant.

Minerals.-The principal minerals are iron, lead, black

lina, and running in a south-east direction, it falls into Pedee River, on the west side.

Black River rises near Camden, and runs a course generally south-east to the Pedee, which it reaches above Georgetown.

Catawba River is a main branch of the Santee. Its rise and progress to the North Carolina state line, was noticed last article. In South Carolina, it assumes the name of Wateree, and holds a general course of about south-southeast, and passing Camden, it unites with the Congaree about 30 miles below Columbia. The united streams form the Santee. The Catawba Falls, above Rocky Mount, are a great curiosity. The general width of the river is about 180 yards; but here it is contracted to about 60, and thus contracted, it rushes with great violence from one precipice to another, making altogether above 20 different falls; the whole height being above 100 feet. The scenery round is very grand, and well worth the attention of the traveller.

Broad River is the middle or main branch of the Santee River. It rises among the mountains of North Carolina, and flowing a general south-east course, it receives the waters of Pacolet River, Tyger River, and Ennoree River, and unites with Saluda River, above Columbia.

Saluda River is the most western branch of Santee. It rises near Greenville, in the upper country, and runs a general south-east course to where it unites with Broad River.

Cooper River rises near Santee River, 40 miles north from Charleston, and unites with Ashley River below that city. Cooper River is chiefly remarkable as being the medium of a water communication, which, by a canal, is connected with Santee River.

Edisto River rises between Columbia and Augusta, and

running a general south-east course, it falls into the Atlantic Ocean at Edisto Island, about 30 miles south-west from Charleston.

Combahee River is composed of two streams, called the Big and Little Saltketchers, which rise above Barnwell Court House, and run a south-east course to where they unite, and form the Combahee, 32 miles above St. Helena Sound.

Coosaw, or Coosawhatchie River, rises in Black Swamp, and runs a south-east course of about 45 miles, when it falls into the bay above Beaufort.

Keowee, or Seneca River, rises among the mountains in the upper part of the state, and falls into Savannah River below Pendleton Court House.

Geological Formation.-The whole of the lower part of the state, from the Atlantic Ocean to a line drawn southwest from Avereysboro', in North Carolina, to Augusta in Georgia, is alluvial. The line passes south-west, a few miles above Camden and Columbia. The remaining part of the state is wholly primitive, with the exception of two small specks of transition, which skirt the alluvial, one opposite to Augusta, and the other above Camden.

Seil and Natural Productions.-The low country, or alluvial, has a sandy soil, bearing large forests of pine, interspersed with fertile spots of deep mould in the swamps and along the banks of the rivers, which produce canes and cypress. In the upper or primitive district, the soil is generally good near to the foot of the mountains, when it becomes broken and rugged. The mountains are precipitous, with a thin soil, but the valleys among them are fertile. The natural productions, generally, are nearly the same as in North Carolina. Snake root and Pink root are abundant.

Minerals. The principal minerals are iron, lead, black