Government and Laws.-The present constitution was formed in 1790, and has been amended since. It is legislative, executive, and judiciary. The legislature consists of a senate and house of representatives. The senate is composed of 45 members, who are elected for four years, and one half vacate their seats biennially. The house of representatives consists of 124 members, who are elected for two years. A senator must be a free white man, 30 years of age. If resident in the district for which he is chosen, he must possess a freehold estate worth 3001. sterling. If a non-resident, he must possess a freehold in the district worth 10001. sterling. A representative must be a free white man, and if a resident, must have 500 acres of land, or a real estate worth 1501. sterling. If a non-resident, he must have a freehold in the district, worth 5001. sterling. The governor is chosen every two years by the assembly, and can only serve two years in six. He must be thirty years of age, have resided in the state, and been a citizen therein, for ten years, and possess an estate worth 1500l. sterling. There is a lieutenant-governor chosen for the same term, who must have the same qualifications. The judiciary power is vested in such superior and inferior courts of law, as the legislature may appoint. The judges hold their offices during good behaviour. The elective franchise is vested in all free white men of 21 years of age and upwards, (except paupers, and soldiers in the service of the United States,) who are citizens, possessing 50 acres of land, or a town lot, or who have been residents in the election district six months before the election.

Education and Manners.-There are a number of colleges and academies in the state, for the higher branches of education, and the desire is general among the inhabitants, to give their children good education. The people.

are generally very hospitable; the females are well educated, and set a good example before their families, and society is in a state of improvement.

Boundaries.-On the north, Tennessee and North Carolina; north-east, South Carolina; south-east, the Atlantic Ocean; south, Florida; west, Alabama.

Face of the Country.-The face of the country in Georgia, is very similar to South Carolina; the country below Augusta and Milledgeville is low and sandy. Above it is undulating and agreeably uneven; and in the north-west there are extensive mountains.

Mountains.-The Blue Ridge terminates in Georgia; the last peak being about 1500 feet high; but westward, along the head waters of the rivers falling into the Atlantic, there is a high table land which occasionally assumes the appearance of mountains.

Rivers. Savannah, one of the principal rivers, was noticed in the general article. The others shall be noticed in regular order from east to west.

Ogechee River rises above Greensborough, 200 miles N. W. from Savannah, and pursuing a south-east course, it falls into the Atlantic Ocean, through Ossabaw Sound, 17 miles S. W. of Tybee Light House.

Canuchee River rises above Emanuel Court House, and runs a south-east course of nearly 100 miles, when it falls into the Ogechee about 20 miles from the Atlantic Ocean.

Alatamaha River is a very large stream with many branches, of which the principal are the Oconee and Ocmulgee. The head waters of the Oconee, consisting of a number of branches, rise in the dividing ridge between the eastern and western waters, and running a southsouth-east course of about 70 miles, the river forms a junction with the Appalachee. The Appalachee rises near Hog Mountain, and runs a south-east course of above 50 miles to the Oconee. From the junction, the river holds a general S. E. course of about 130 miles, and unites with the Ocmulgee River. Ocmulgee River rises to the south of Hog Mountain, near the head waters of Appalachee River, and runs a south-south-east course of about 170 miles, to the lower part of Telfair county. It then turns north-east, and at the distance of 25 miles, receives the waters of the Little Ocmulgee from the north-west. Below, about eight miles, it unites with the Oconee. From the junction of the two streams, Alatamaha River runs a S. E. course of nearly 100 miles, and falls into the ocean through Alatamaha Sound, 10 miles east from Darien. There is 14 feet water upon the bar, and the Oconee branch is navigable for vessels of 30 tons burden, to Milledgeville.

Ohoopee River rises near Saundersville, and running a southwardly course of nearly 100 miles, it falls into the Alatamaha, 30 miles below the outlet of Oconee River.

Chatahouchy River and Alabama River, of which the head waters are in the north-west part of this state, have been noticed in the general article.

Flint River is a large tributary of the western waters. It rises near the head waters of Ocmulgee River, and runs a south and south-east course, of about 70 miles, to Fort Lawrence. It then runs south about 110 miles, to the Limestone Bluff; when, turning westward and running

a south-west course of above 50 miles, it unites with Chatahouchy River at the Florida boundary, and the united streams form the Appalachicola.

Satilla River rises about 30 miles south from Telfair Court House, on the Ocmulgee River, and runs an eastwardly, but very crooked course, to the Atlantic Ocean, between St. Symon's and Cumberland Islands.

St. Mary's River rises in Eokefanoke Swamp, and running a very crooked course, but generally east, it forms the boundary between Georgia and Florida, and falls into the sea below St. Mary's, where it forms a good harbour.

Geological Formation.-The whole of the state below Augusta, Milledgeville, and Hawkins's Agency, is alluvial. The primitive succeeds to the alluvial, and extends northwest beyond the head waters of Chatahouchy River. The mountainous district in the north-west is transition, and beyond it, the north-west corner, bordering upon Tennessee, is secondary.

Soil and Natural Productions.-The soil and natural productions of Georgia are pretty similar to those of South Carolina. There is a great proportion of good land in upper Georgia, and the sea islands are numerous and rich. The low country is very sandy, and covered with pines, but there is a great deal of alluvial on the banks of the rivers.

Minerals and Mineral Georgia are not extensive. a large bed of yellow ochre. in the upper country. There are mineral springs in Jefferson county, also near the town of Washington, and near Danielsville, in Madison county.

Springs.-The minerals of
Near Milledgeville, there is
Some copper has been found

Climate. The low country has an agreeable, healthy climate, for eight or nine months in the year, but in the

latter part of summer and fall, it is often sickly, except on the sea islands, which are generally healthy. The climate of the upper country is generally agreeable, and in the north-west, near the foot of the mountains, it is esteemed the best in the Atlantic states. In the general view, the alluvial district is termed the warmest or hot. The upper country to the mountains the warm; and among the mountains, the temperate. In 1819, the thermometer ranged at Savannah, from 970 to 28°, the average being 660 6'. At Augusta, in 1818, the greatest heat in July was 1000, and the greatest cold in January 190. In Milledgeville, in 1820, the greatest heat in July was 95°, and the greatest cold in January 170. The average of January was 480, of July 870.

Historical View.-In 1732, General Oglethorpe obtained a patent for Georgia, from George II. of England, in the name of twenty-one trustees, and next year, a body of settlers arrived in the colony, and soon after entered into an amicable treaty with the Creek Indians. The same year the city of Savannah was founded. In 1742, a body of Spaniards from Florida invaded the colony, but without success. The same year, a new government was established, and ten years after, the province was surrendered to the king. In 1755, a court was established for the administration of justice; and next year, forts were erected for the protection of the country. In 1763, the country between the Altamaha and St. Mary's Rivers, was annexed to Georgia. In 1774, several millions of acres were obtained from the Indians. In 1775, Georgia acceded to the confederation, and sent deputies to Congress. In 1777, the first state constitution was adopted, and the then existing parishes were formed into counties. In 1778, the state became the theatre of war, which continued until 1782, when it was evacuated by the enemy. The second