On Kentucky River and its waters.-Besides Lexington and Frankfort, there are Mount Vernon, Stanford, Lancaster, Danville, Richmond, Winchester, Nicholasville, Harrodsburg, Versailles, and Laurensburg.

On Salt River and its waters.—Springfield, Bardstown, Bealsburg, Shelbyville, Middletown, and Shepherdsville.

On Green River and its waters.-Caseyville, Columbia, Greensburg, Summersville, Monroe, Glasgow, Scottsville, Bowling Green, Russelville, Morgantown, Litchfield, Hardensburg, Hartford, Greenville, Madisonville.

On Cumberland River.-Barboursville, Somerset, Monticello, Burksville, Hopkinsville, Princeton, and Centreville.

ter.

Roads, Canals, and Improvements.-Considerable improvement has been made upon the roads, but much remains to be done. In summer many of the roads are agreeable, but they are often very muddy and bad in winThe state is now constructing a canal at the falls of Ohio, between Beargrass Creek and Shippingport, near Louisville, for the purpose of obviating the difficulty in passing the falls. The Ohio affords such excellent navigation, that other canals will probably not be projected for a long time.

Government and Laws.-The constitution of Kentucky was adopted in 1799, and by it the powers of government were made legislative, executive, and judiciary. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The senators are elected for four years, and one-fourth vacate their seats annually. The representatives are elected for one year. The assembly convenes on the first Monday in November. Each senator must be 35 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided six years in the state, and one year in the district for which he is chosen. Each representative must

be twenty-four years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the state two years, and in the district one. They are apportioned according to the number of qualified electors. The executive branch is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, and is eligible for four years out of eleven. He must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided six years in the state. He has a qualified negative upon the proceedings of the assembly; and makes appointments, with consent of the senate. He has also the pardoning power.

There is also a lieutenant governor, who is ex-officio speaker of the senate, and succeeds the governor, in case of death, absence, &c. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the assembly may appoint, and the judges hold their offices during good behaviour. Every free white male citizen of the age of 21, who has resided in the state two years, or one year in the district, is entitled to vote at elections.

Education and Manners.-The Transylvania University, an extensive institution, is established at Lexington, and there are several other respectable seminaries for the higher branches of education. Some time ago an appropriation was made for the support of common schools, and there are a number of boarding schools. A desire for knowledge is pretty general among the people, who are very hospitable and proverbially brave. Last war the Kentuckians took a large share; and nobly assisted in defending the country against the inroads of the enemy.

Boundaries.-Ohio is bounded on the north by Michigan Territory and Lake Erie; east, by Pennsylvania; south-east, by Virginia; south-west, by Kentucky; and west, by Indiana.

Face of the Country.-The state of Ohio makes part of the table land of the western country. The northern part is rather flat, and the dividing ridge between the waters falling into the Ohio, and those falling into Lake Erie, runs through it from east to west, at the distance of from thirty to fifty miles from the lake. It has no material elevation, and the country north and south of it declines in the respective directions by a gentle slope. Towards the Ohio the country assumes an undulating, and in some places, a hilly appearance. The elevation of the dividing ridge is probably about 700 feet above the level of the sea; Lake Erie is 564; and the Ohio River where it enters the state is about 590, and where it leaves it about 450 feet above the level of the sea. The average elevation of the state may be estimated at 600 feet.

There are no mountains.

Rivers.-The whole of the rivers in Ohio flow either into Lake Erie or the Ohio River, principally the latter; and some of them have been partially noticed. The principal streams may be again noticed here.

Beaver River rises in the dividing ridge before mentioned, and runs a N. E. course, about 20 miles, to WarIt then turns to the S. E. and runs in that direction

ren.

about 25 miles more, when it passes the state line into Pennsylvania. It is a fine stream for mill seats.

Muskingum River rises by three different branches in the dividing ridge, the largest being the Tuscarawas.They all unite at Coshocton, and run a southwardly course of 30 miles to Zanesville, where there are about 22 feet of rapids. Thence the river holds a S. E. course, and falls into the Ohio at Marietta, where it is 150 yards broad. It is navigable with keel boats to Coshocton, and with small boats nearly to the source of the Tuscarawas branch; and it has been proposed to connect it with Lake Erie by a canal, through the medium of the Cayahoga River.

Hockhocking River rises in a high plain near New Lancaster, and runs a general S. E. but winding course, to the Ohio, which it reaches 27 miles below Marietta. The navigation is obstructed by several falls, but it is a fine stream for mill seats.

Scioto River rises in the dividing ridge, in the northwest part of the state, near Sandusky River, and runs a S. E. course of eighty miles, to Columbus, the seat of government, where Whitestone Creek falls into it. It then runs south 12 miles, and receives the waters of Big Belly Creek from the eastward. At Circleville, fifteen miles below, Darby Creek falls in from the westward; and 20 miles below it the river passes Chillicothe, and receives the waters of Paint Creek from the westward. Forty-five miles south from Chillicothe, the Scioto falls into the Ohio, at Portsmouth. It is navigable with keel boats to Columbus, and by small boats nearly to its source.

Little Miami River rises below Springfield, in the southwest part of the state; and runs a S. S. W. course of 70 miles. It is a rapid river, with some remarkable falls; and is excellent for mill seats.

Miami River rises in the N. W. part of the state, near

the head waters of Scioto River, and pursues a course nearly S. by W. to the Ohio, which it reaches 20 miles below Cincinnati. It is about 140 miles long, and is navigable 75. A few miles above its junction with the Ohio, it receives the waters of White Water River from the state of Indiana.

The waters falling into Lake Erie are, Conneoutt River, in the N. E. corner of the state, Ashtabula River, Grand River, Chagrene River, Cayahoga River, Rocky River, Black River, Vermilion River, Huron River, Sandusky River, Carrying River, Miami of the Lakes, or Maumee River.

Ashtabula River falls into the lake, 15 miles from the N. E. corner of the state.

Grand River rises near Warren, and pursuing a very crooked course, but generally N. W., it falls into the lake at New Market, 28 miles west from Ashtabula. It is a rapid stream, and has many mill seats.

Cayahoga River rises within the great bend of Grand River, only 15 miles from its outlet, and runs a southwest course of 45 miles; it then turns north by west, and runs about 30 miles to Lake Erie, at Cleveland. There is a harbour at the outlet, but the navigation is obstructed. It is proposed to improve it, and the canal to the Ohio River here terminates.

Rocky River rises in the dividing ridge, and runs about 30 miles to the lake.

Sandusky River rises near Mansfield, and runs a west and then northerly course to Sandusky Bay. It is about 75 miles long, and is navigable nearly to its source.There is only a small portage between this river and the Scioto. Sandusky Bay is nearly 20 miles long, and four or five broad, and is one of the best harbours on Lake Erie.