TABLE IV.-The States and the Americanization problem among native-born adults, 1920 census, Volume III Here is another chart. This gives the foreign-born population by states. You will notice here that New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and some of our northern States have the bulk of the foreignborn problem. None of those States have any choice as to whether they shall accept foreigners, the Federal Government determines that. In New York they have nearly 3,000,000; Pennsylvania has 1,392,000; Illinois, 1,210,000 foreigners; Massachusetts, a little over a million; California, about three-quarters of a million; New Jersey, three-quarters of a million; and so on. This indicates somewhat the size of the Americanization problem. The CHAIRMAN. Have you given any attention or consideration to the idea of having this Americanization work done by the Department of Labor in connection with the naturalization law? Mr. NORTON. Well, I understand the Department of Labor has done some work in that direction. The CHAIRMAN. Of course no constitutional question would arise there because the Federal Government has absolute control over the admission of aliens to this country, and to citizenship. Mr. REED. The work, however, that has been done by the Department of Labor, is not very comprehensive, is it? Mr. NORTON. No; the Americanization problem has not been adequately dealt with in this country in any State, even in the State of Massachusetts, which has made an attempt at it, they have not really touched the whole problem, they have only skimmed it. Mr. REED. The policy they have pursued was more to enable a person to get by the court? Mr. NORTON. I believe that has been one of the main considerations, and that has been rather easy to do in many cases, perhaps easier than it should have been. The next chart will deal with teacher training. Mr. ROBSION. Before that, just a minute. I notice this Table No. 2 of the last batch you handed around shows New York as having 2,825,375 foreign-born population. Mr. NORTON. Yes. If you will look on Table No. 1 you will find the same figures. Mr. ROBSION. On Table 2, however, you have 2,786,112. Mr. NORTON. No; that is not what Table No. 2 says; Table 2 says, if you look at the heading of Table 2, the number of foreign born from countries where over 25 per cent of population is illiterate. That is, of those 2,800,000 foreign-born residents in New York, 1,700,000 come from countries in which somewhere between 25 and 80 per cent of the total population is illiterate. Mr. ROBSION. But in your last column you say "Total foreignborn population," and I am reading from that, "2,786,112." Now, I would like to know how that discrepancy arises. Mr. NORTON. I can explain that discrepancy. I would have changed that if I had had time to do it. If you will notice on Table No. 1 Mr. ROBSION. And a similar discrepancy as to Pennsylvania. The figures given in this chart as the number of foreign-born residents by States are from the 1920 Federal census. Mr. NORTON. Yes; we will find in that particular column a slight discrepancy with every State. The reason is this. We assembled both of these tables from the Federal census figures, and when the girl copied the first one she omitted "Orientals," and a few other miscellaneous groups that were listed in separate tables and when we discovered we had omitted them, after correspondence with the Census Bureau, we added these omissions in each State which gives the numbers in the first column of Table 1. Mr. ROBSION. Well, I suggest before the figures go into the record that they be modified; there might be a lack of faith in the figures if it were seen that there were any discrepancies. Mr. NORTON. It is a small number but it should be corrected. Mr. ROBSION. It is about 50,000 in New York. Mr. NORTON. I think the thing to do would be to cut out the last column of Table 2. Mr. ROBSION. I think if you are going to put Table 2 in I would correct the figures and let it go in. Mr. NORTON. I thank you for mentioning it; I will see that it is done. Let us go next to the teacher-training problem. This is probably one of the most important, though it often attracts the least attention. You can not have a strong educational system without strong teachers, and of something over 700,000 teachers in the United States, 354,000 of of them (1920 figures) were inadequately trained. Our definition of inadequate training is less than normal school graduation, or the equivalent. TRAINING OF TEACHERS The following two tables give facts as to the training, experience, and maturity of teachers in the United States: TABLE I.—Are the children of your State taught by trained teachers?? 1 This figure is estimated from the report of one division of the State and taken from biennial report for 1919-20, p. 31. 'The figures in this table do not include the District of Columbia. The data in the above table were taken from the following sources: Figures in column 2 are from U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin, 1922, No. 29, p. 18, col. 11. Figures in colums 8 and 9 are from Teachers' Salary and Salary Trends in 1923, Report of the Salary |