in the vicinity of the island have not been sounded. Vessels desiring to communicate with Ibayat may obtain a pilot at Basco, on Batan.

A report states that anchorage may be found westward of the south end of the island in 20 fathoms (36 m.), sandy bottom, well protected from northeast winds and with sufficient swinging room in case the wind should haul to the southward and westward.

Diogo Island is a small, round island about 1,500 feet (455 m.) high and 3/4 mile in diameter, lying 311⁄2 miles southeastward of Ibayat Island. It is steep-to on the western side but has several small islets lying off the eastern side, the outermost being nearly 11⁄2 mile distant. In 1903 Diogo Island was observed to be volcanic, discharging vapor and dark material.

Batan Island (chart 4270) is the second in size and the most important of the group. Mount Irada, apparently an old volcano, thickly covered with trees, is at the northeast end of the island and 3,806 feet (1,159 m.) high; the rest of the island is mountainous and has several broad cultivated spots.

There are several small towns and villages, the principal one, Basco, is on the west side of the island at the foot of Mount Irada. It is well built of stone and is prominent. Pilots for the other islands of the group may be obtained here. Commercial steamers from Aparri visit these islands three or four times a year.

Anchorage.-There is anchorage off Basco, the best berth being off the northern point of the bay, with the convent barely open, in 13 fathoms (23.8 m.), bottom fine coral sand. This, however, is not very secure with a northerly wind. Anchorage for small vessels may also be had closer in, about 200 yards offshore, in 51⁄2 fathoms (10 m.), bottom fine sand, with the southern part of the town and the southeastern foot of Mount Irada in line, bearing 90° (E. mag.). Although the holding ground is good, this bay can be resorted to only in the northeast monsoon.

A patch of rocks, bare at low water, lies 800 yards north-northeastward of Chaguie Point, the south point of the bay. They have 27 fathoms (50 m.) close-to on the west and 414 fathoms (8.2 m.) on the east side, and 200 yards east-northeastward of the point is a rock awash at low water.

The authorities recommend the anchorage off Mahatao (San Carlos), 1⁄2 mile southward of Chaguie Point, as the best for obtaining a supply of water, but this position is exposed, and watering can only be effected in fine weather. The passage through the reef is, however, quite safe for the largest boats, which land on a sandy beach. This passage has been cut to admit schooners of 50 tons, which are generally hauled up when they arrive from Manila with the first of the southwest monsoon.

Anchorage may be had off San Vicente, which is the port of Ivana, or landing place for that town. It should not be resorted to, as it is very confined, with sandy bottom close to the reefs, and must be left the moment a northerly wind threatens. Several vessels have been driven off and, being unable to weigh their anchors, have had to cut or slip.

Anchorage may also be had off the town of Uyugan (San Antonio), 1 mile eastward of Point Mabien, in 8 fathoms (14.6 m.) about 200 yards offshore, with the church bearing 45° (NÈ. mag.).

Sonson or Chaampaan Bay, as it is called by the natives, is the northern of the two large bays on the eastern side of Batan. It has not been surveyed, but is reported to afford good sheltered anchorage during the southwest monsoon. The southern entrance to the bay is a prominent black bluff, southward from which is a group of high rocks. The beach at the landing, under the gap in the hills, is composed of small water-worn rocks, slopes abruptly, and has 3 or 4 feet (0.9 or 1.2 m.) of water close-to. From the landing a good trail leads to the town of Basco, about 1/4 miles distant.

Directions.-Approaching from northward, round the north end of the island at a distance of about 1/2 mile and steer for the prominent black bluff on the southern entrance point until a conspicuous gap in the hills westward bears 285° (WNW. 5% W. mag.), when it should be steered for and anchorage in 7 or 8 fathoms (12.8 to 14.6 m.), rocky bottom, will be found about 1/2 mile from shore; from this anchorage the group of rocks southward of the bluff will be just open of it, bearing 217° (SW. 3⁄44 S. mag.).

Mananion Bay, southward of Sonson Bay, is reported to afford anchorage sheltered from westerly winds, but has not been surveyed. It is impossible to land anything in Mananion Bay, as the shores rise perpendicularly to a height of about 150 feet (45 m.) This side of the island is practically uninhabited.

Sabtan Island is separated from the southwest end of Batan by a safe channel over 2 miles wide, through which the tidal currents run with a velocity of from 5 to 6 knots, the flood setting southeastward and the ebb northwestward. Off the north end of Sabtan are two rocky ledges with a passage between them of 10 to 14 fathoms (18.3 to 25.6 m.) These rocks have only 3 feet (0.9 m.) on them at spring tides. Between them and Sabtan is a deep channel 11⁄2 mile wide.

Sapiang (San Vicente) is substantially built of stone and lies on the northeast side of the island. Good sheltered anchorage during the southwest monsoon may be found off the town, with the church bearing 225° (SW. mag.), in 10 or 12 fathoms (18.3 to 21.9 m.), sandy bottom. The depths decrease gradually from 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) about 1/2 mile offshore to 6 and 8 fathoms (11 to 14.6 m.), about 150 yards from the beach.

Ibugos Island is small and rather low, except a hill on the south end, where there is a settlement. It is separated from the west side of Sabtan by a deep channel nearly 1 mile wide, which affords indifferent anchorage in 10 fathoms (18.3 m.), bottom rocky, with sandy patches with the center of Ibugos Island bearing 225° (SW. mag.) The flood tide sets southward with a velocity of from 3 to 4 knots, and the ebb northward.

There are no facilities for watering; the stream from the rivulet inside the southwest point of Sabtan, entering at the coral beach near the barrio of Suminanga (San Luis), is at least 100 yards from where boats could float. This is the only safe landing place, the shores on both sides of the channel being bordered by a reef, through some of the gaps in which the native boats can pass in fine weather. Dequez Island, very small and rather low, lies nearly 1/2 mile westward of the northwest point of Ibugos Island. It is clear westward and can be approached within a mile with safety, but has a very strong tide rip setting northward on its southwest side.

Directions. As the current sets strongly southward between the above islands during the northeast monsoon, it is advisable for a sailing vessel to work westerly round Dequez and not to cross the channel between Batan and Sabtan until the dividing neck of Mahatao (San Carlos) is clearly open, bearing east-southeast, as the stream, splitting at Mabatui Point, sends one current southerly; the other, which is an eddy, is favorable from thence northeasterly to Basco.

Sailing vessels bound to this latter anchorage work up the northwest angle of the island until the wind is free to run down, when round-to with all aback and drop the inner anchor in 12 fathoms (21.9 m.); then sheer and drop the outer anchor in 25 fathoms (45 m.), which will afford sufficient room to weigh. When moored the vessel will be in 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) and the current will keep a fair strain on both cables.

Balintang Channel, between Sabtan, the southernmost of the Batan Islands, and Babuyan Island, is 42 miles wide, and, being free from danger, is frequently used by vessels proceeding by the eastern passages to China and Manila.

balintang Islands lie in the eastern part of Balintang Channel, with Mount Irada bearing 347° (N. by W. % W. mag.) and the west tangent to Babuyan Island, 210° (SSW. % W. mag.). They consist of four small, sharp-peaked, rocky islets, visible about 24 miles in clear weather. The westernmost island, showing three peaks, is about 3/4 mile in a north and south direction and is much larger than the others; a hole is seen through it from southwestward. One of the other islets lies off its northern point, and the other two, about 75 feet (22.9 m.) high, off its southeast side. They are steep-to and may be passed on either side at a distance of 2 or 3 miles. In bad weather the sea breaks heavily against them.

THE BABUYAN ISLANDS,

named Babuyan, Panuitan, Calayan, Dalupiri, Fuga, and Camiguin, form a roughly circular group lying northward of the channel along the north coast of Luzon and south of the Balintang Channel. The channels between them are said to be safe and deep and their shores generally steep-to, but, as all of these islands have not been surveyed, they should be approached with caution.

Babuyan, the northernmost and highest of the group, lies about 25 miles south-southwestward of Balintang Islands and about 55 miles northward of Cape Engaño. It is roughly triangular in shape steep-to, and wooded. Mount Babuyan, a prominent landmark near the western end of the island, is a symmetrical cinder cone, 2,228 feet (679 m.) high, entirely bare of vegetation. Mount Pangasun, 3,535 feet (1,078 m.) high, with its lesser peaks eastward and westward of it, are often obscured by clouds. The peak about 1/2 mile westward of the highest point is an active volcano. The headland at the south end of the island is covered with cogon with irregular patches of trees and bushes on its east and west sides. Pan de Azucar, lying off the south end of the island, is a slender pinnacle rock 104 feet (32 m.) high with deep water between it and the shore reef. Practically the entire east coast is a series of cliffs from

200 to 1,400 feet (61 to 427 m.) high. A reef with rocks awash at its end extends about 400 yards off the northeast end of the island. Heavy tide rips were encountered from 1 to 3 miles off the points of the islands. The best landing is near the middle of the north side of the island but no protected anchorage is available.

Wyllie Rocks, consisting of two clusters above water, with high breakers between them, are dangerous to vessels passing through the Babuyan Group at night. The southernmost rock, which is the largest, lies about 6 miles northeastward of Panuitan Islet. The other cluster lies about 3 miles north-northeastward of the largest rock.

Calayan Island lies about 25 miles southwest of Babuyan. From offshore the island seems to be a long ridge running nearly east and west with the highest part near the center and high peaks near the east and west ends of the ridge. The island is densely wooded with the exception of a small cultivated area near the town of Calayan and the two western points of the island, which are covered with cogon. Mount Calayan, near the center of the island, is 1,780 feet (542 m.) high. The shore of the island is mostly rocky cliffs much underworn by the sea and fringed by a coral reef which is well defined by the breakers. The town of Calayan lies near the middle of a 4-mile strip of sand beach on the south side of the island. There is only one stone building in the town. No supplies of any kind are obtainable. The best anchorage is westward of a small steep-to coral reef marked by an 8-foot (2.4 m.) rock lying about 1 mile south by east from the town and 34 mile offshore. There is deep water between the reef and the shore. Small boats land on the beach in front of the town, but this becomes hazardous in south or southwest weather. Small vessels can find partly protected anchorage in Cibang Cove eastward of Pine Point. Heavy tide rips occur off the several points of Calayan Island, and they should be given a berth of at least 1 mile when rounding them. Tidal currents are quite strong near these islands and seem to run opposite to those encountered farther offshore.

Panuitan Island rises abruptly from the shore on all sides to a long, even ridge which is slightly higher at the north end. The top and eastern slopes are covered with grass, the western slope with small bushes. Several pinnacle rocks lie on the shore reef on the northeast side of the island. The largest of these, 207 feet (63 m.) high, has a hole near the base. The shore reef extends about 300 yards north and northeast of the island with rocks awash near their outer edges. Panuitan Island has no fresh water and is uninhabited. It is frequently visited by the natives from Calayan Island for catching sea turtles, which lay their eggs in the sand beach near the north end of the island.

Dalupiri Island, the westernmost of the group, lies about 15 miles southwestward of Calayan Island. The island has a regular aspect and is visible about 30 miles. In smooth weather anchorage can be had on the east side of the island, close inshore, but the holding ground is poor. Some cattle are shipped from the island.

About 211⁄2 miles off its south point is Irao Islet, with shoals extending southward. Herminia Shoal is a coral shoal about 21% miles off the southwest part of Dalupiri Island and 4 miles north

westward of Irao Islet. No information is available as to the depth over this shoal.

Fuga Island, about 8 miles southward and eastward of Dalupiri Island, is about 10 miles long east and west with an average width of about 2 miles. It is moderately high and terminates in low land at the eastern part. The two small islands, Mabac and Bari, lie off its western end. The soundings off its southern side are irregular, the depths in some places permitting temporary anchorage in smooth weather.

Musa Bay (chart 4270), between the western end of Fuga Island and Bari and Mabac Islands, is a rather circular basin about 1 mile wide by 12 miles long. Although sheltered from the sea, the holding ground is poor and the anchorage has been reported unsafe in heavy northeast weather. The depths are 12 to 17 fathoms (21.9 to 31 m.) in the middle, shoaling to 4 and 5 fathoms (7.3 to 9.1 m.) near the coral reef that lines the shores. The best anchorage is near the northeast side of Bari Island in from 14 to 15 fathoms (25.6 to 27.4 m.), bottom rotten coral and sand. Near Fuga Island the bottom is very rocky. Bari Island has a reef lying off the north and east sides and another projecting from the southeast point. A narrow shoal ledge has been reported as extending about 4 mile in a northwest direction from Mabac Island.

The best channel into the bay is from southward, between Bari and the west point of Fuga, the depths being from 14 to 16 fathoms (25.6 to 29.3 m.) outside and from 9 to 12 fathoms (16.4 to 21.9 m.) in mid-channel. The west channel into the bay is between Bari and Mabac, with soundings of from 5 to 10 fathoms (9.1 to 18.3 m.). The north channel into the bay is rendered intricate by a reef extending halfway across from the northeast point of Mabac toward Fuga, and at the tail of this reef, joining the northwest point of Fuga, is a rocky patch with 5 or 6 fathoms (9.1 to 11 m.) on it. This channel, therefore, should not be attempted unless in a case of necessity, and to enter by it a vessel must pass rather close to Fuga.

The tide rises in Musa Bay 5 or 6 feet, but is irregular, and the tidal current runs with considerable velocity.

Camiguin, the southeastern island of the group, lies about 20 miles northwestward of Cape Engano. The entire island is mountainous with its highest peak, 2,603 feet (793 m.), in the northeastern part. The higher peaks are frequently obscured by clouds. Mount Camiguin, an extinct volcano 2,361 feet (720 m.) high, and the lesser peaks around it are separated from the higher peaks by deep valleys and when first sighted from the southward appear as separate islands. A good trail is reported to cross the island through the divide north of Mount Malabsing. Trees cover the entire island with the exception of part of Mount Camiguin and a narrow strip along the north coast. The shore is fringed by a narrow steep-to coral reef. On the southeast side of the island a number of high rocks lie on or close to the shore reef. A conspicuous yellow and red cliff about 300 feet (91 m.) high southward of Port San Pio Quinto forms a good landmark for this vicinity.

Port San Pio Quinto (chart 4270) is the only place among these islands tolerably safe for a large vessel, the bottom being less rocky than in Musa Bay, Fuga Island. The port, which is about 3 miles