bears 58° (NE. by E. % E. mag.) it should be steered for and anchorage taken up as previously recommended. Olango Island, 214 miles southeastward of Mactan Island, is 414 miles long northeast and southwest, of irregular shape, low, and cultivated. Mabini Point, the northeastern extremity, is clear and steep-to. The western and eastern sides are fringed with reefs, and from the southern side a wide reef, bare at low water, extends southwestward for 42 miles and surrounds Sulpa, Camungi, Hilutangan, Panganan, Caohagan, and Lassuan Islets, which are simply continuations of Olango. On Olango Island, half of the east, the north, and most of the west shores are overhanging bluffs of porous, sharp, jagged coral. Most of the south shore is exposed coral rock with occasional deposits of sand in which grass and a few scattered mangroves have taken root. The villages of Santa Rosa and Poo lie on the west side of the island. Olango is the only island of this group which has a supply of water. Hilutangan Islet, lying about 212 miles southwestward of Olango, is rocky and about 7 feet (2.1 m.) high on the western part; the eastern part is low and sandy and covered with coconut trees. Except at low water, Hilutangan provides, on the north side, a much-used shelter for bancas during rough weather. Lassuan Islet, 1 mile southeast of Hilutangan, is the smallest and most southern islet of this group. It lies close to the edge of the reef and is composed of sand, with a partly exposed coral foundation. A group of tall coconut trees is conspicuous. Hilutangan Channel, separating Olango Island from Mactan Island, is over 2 miles wide, straight, deep, and free from obstruction. Olango_Channel, separating Olango Island from the reefs surrounding Danajon Bank and the reefs southwestward of it, is about 2 miles wide at its narrowest part, between Caohagan and Cabulan Islets, and is deep and clear. From Lipata Point, at the entrance to Cebu Harbor, the coast trends southwesterly, with a bend northwestward for 15 miles to Carcar Point. The towns of Talisay, Minglanilla, Naga, and San Fernando and a number of villages lie on this coast. The interior is of rocky coral formation and is broken and rough but is nearly all cultivated. The hills have been eroded into steep gullies whose general direction is at right angles to the coast. Much of the shore is bordered by mangroves which in places give way to mud and the mud to grass and cultivated land without any definite highwater mark. Most of the coast is fringed with steep-to coral reefs, and there are a few places where a small boat can land at low water in rough weather. Bogo, Osteng, and Lagundi Shoals in the entrance to Cebu Harbor have already been described. From Lipata Point to a point just southward of Tinaan Anchorage are numerous detached reefs lying from 1 to 12 miles from shore, and this part of the coast should be given a good berth. In front of the town of Minglanilla are numerous passages between the reefs, but the bottom is very uneven and the channels too narrow and tortuous to be of any value. Southward of Tinaan Anchorage the shore reef is narrow and steep-to until Carcar Point is reached, and there are no off-lying dangers. 62012-27--17 Naga is a small town about 7 miles west-southwestward of Lipata Point. It may be recognized by a prominent church with a large tree in the plaza in front of it. Anchorage may be had here in 15 fathoms (27.4 m.), sandy bottom, about 3 mile from shore, with the church bearing 271° (W. mag.). There is a 14-fathom (0.4 m.) patch lying 1/2 mile northeastward of the church and patches of 212 and 434 fathoms (4.6 and 8.7 m.) southeastward of the same point. Tinaan Anchorage, about 1 mile southward of Naga, is formed by a bight in the coast and a large reef lying about 1/2 mile southeastward of it. The reef which protects the anchorage is largely bare at low water. There are depths of 11 and 12 fathoms (20.1 and 21.9 m.), sand and mud bottom, in the middle of the anchorage, decreasing to 3 fathoms (5.5 m.) 1/4 mile from the head of the bight. At low water the reefs are prominent and are a guide for entering. There are no aids to navigation nor prominent landmarks by which directions can be given. San Fernando, a small town about 4 miles southwestward of Naga, contains a prominent church. The shore reef in front of the town is narrow and steep-to. Anchorage for small vessels, with sufficient swinging room in fine weather, may be had in front of the town in 20 fathoms (36 m.); sandy bottom. There are the remains of a small jetty which does not extend to the low-water line. Sangat Cove, about 212 miles southwestward of San Fernando, is small and shallow and the entrance is narrow. It is used only by small sailing craft. Carcar Point is formed by a right-angled elbow of the coast; it is low, covered with coconut trees, and fringed by a narrow, steep-to reef which on its eastern side extends about 3 mile. Carcar Bay (chart 4465) lies about 1/2 miles westward of Carcar Point. There is a small, low islet on the western side of the entrance connected with the shore by a reef bare at low water. The shores are low and fringed with mangroves, and reefs extend from both entrance points and from the shores of the bay, leaving available a small anchorage area well sheltered from the sea by the reefs and the small islet. Carcar is a small town standing on slightly rising ground about a mile north-northwestward of the head of the bay. It is on the railway between Cebu and Argao and is connected with Barili on the west coast and with the towns northward and southward by good roads. It contains a prominent church. a prominent church. A causeway extends through the mangrove swamp between the town and the bay and continues out to the edge of the reef in the northern part of the bay. Since the construction of the railway this causeway has been but little used and is out of repair. The entrance to Carcar Bay is deep and clear. It should be approached by bringing the end of the jetty in range with the Carcar Church, bearing 334° (NNW. % W. mag.), before Carcar Point bears eastward of 63° (NE. by E. 12 E. mag.), and steering in on this range. The best anchorage will be found in about 7 fathoms (12.8 m.), muddy bottom, on a line from the eastern side of the islet to the end of the jetty. From the western side of Carcar Bay the coast trends southward to Argao Point and is mostly mangrove, with fringing coral reef. There are numerous small, detached shoals between Sibonga and Cerro Point, none of which lies over 34 mile from shore. There are no bays nor rivers large enough for a pulling boat on this coast. Sibonga is a small town 511⁄2 miles southward of Carcar; it contains a prominent stone church. There is a stone jetty with a house on the end of it; this jetty is partly sheltered by a reef, but has not sufficient water at its end at low tide to float the small, native craft. Argao Point, about 13 miles south-southwestward of Carcar Point, is low, flat, and heavily wooded. It projects over a mile eastward, is clear and steep-to, and very prominent from northward or southward. Small vessels can load here in either monsoon, choosing their anchorage northward or southward of the point, as more convenient, but necessarily very close in because of the great depth of water. The town of Argao (chart 4465) lies between Argao Point and the river of the same name which empties about 3/4 mile northward of the point; it is the terminus of the railway from Cebu and contains a large, conspicuous church. The cable from Loon, Bohol, lands here. The beach may be approached very closely off Argao and anchorage found either eastward of the town in from 15 to 20 fathoms (27.4 to 36.6 m.), sandy bottom, with the church bearing 316° (NW. mag.) or southward of the point in 10 to 15 fathoms (18.3 to 27.4 m.), sandy bottom, according to swinging room desired. In the wide indentation in the shore line just southwestward of Argao Point the shore reef has a width of 300 to 650 yards, while the bay in front of the village of Kauayan, about 3 miles northward of Dalaguete Point, is faced by reefs which extend a long way out and have deep water close to their edges. The reef narrows from here and disappears at Dalaguete Point. Dalaguete Point, about 8 miles southwestward of Argao Point, is flat, sandy, heavily wooded, and steep-to. Dalaguete, the leading town in this vicinity, lies on the north side of Dalaguete Point. The town and church are visible from northward, but are obscured by trees from southward. Anchorage may be found in 15 to 20 fathoms (27.4 to 36.6 m.), sandy bottom, close in shore, with the church bearing 316° (NW. mag.), or southward of Dalaguete Point in 10 to 15 fathoms (18.3 to 27.4 m.), sandy bottom, about 200 yards from shore. The coast from Dalaguete Point to Cayangon Point, 10 miles south-southwestward, is low, with steep sand beaches interrupted by rocky bluffs. The town of Boljoon and a number of villages lie on this coast. About 32 miles south-southwestward of Dalaguete Point and mile from shore there are several small, detached patches with a least depth of 14 fathoms (2.3 m.). Mambagi Reef lies about 5 miles south-southwestward of Dalaguete Point, with its outer edge about 11⁄2 mile eastward of the village of Mambagi. It is composed of rock and sand, and the greater part bares at low water. There is a narrow, deep channel between it and the coast of Cebu. Dalaguete Point, bearing 18° (N. by E. 1⁄2 E. mag.), leads clear of the eastern side of Mambagi Reef. Temporary anchorage for small craft may be found inside of Mambagi Reef, but it is not recommended, as the entrances both from north and south are very narrow, the anchorage area limited, and the holding ground poor. The southern entrance is the better unless the reefs are showing well, in which case they can be closely approached. The town of Boljoon is on a small, deep cove about 11⁄2 miles northward of Cayangon Point. It may be recognized by the white cliffs on Ili Point, on the north side of the cove, which are about 100 feet (30 m.) high. There is no anchorage off the town, but temporary anchorage for small vessels may be found off the mouth of the Losapon River, just south of the town and about 100 yards from shore, in 20 to 25 fathoms (36 to 46 m.). Cayangon Point is 110 feet (33 m.) high and skirted by a reef, partly bare at low water, extending about 1/4 mile eastward. Iuisan Point, 21⁄2 miles south-southwestward of Cayangon Point, is low and ends in sand and rocks close to the shore. The village of Caceres, on the south side of Iuisan Point, is small and unimportant; it may be identified by the slender, red-domed church tower. Iuisan Shoal is a large shoal with depths of 1 to 5 fathoms (1.8 to 9.1 m.), with one spot near the center bare at low water, lying about 1 mile southward of Iuisan Point and 1/2 mile from shore. The church at Caceres, bearing 336° (NNW. 14 W. mag.), clears the eastern side of this shoal. The channel between it and the shore reef fringing Santa Monica Point is about 400 yards wide and has a depth of over 20 fathoms (36 m.). Oslob Point, about 3 miles southwestward of Iuisan Point, is low, sandy, and well wooded. On its extremity is a conspicuous, white, stone fort. The point is surrounded by a steep-to reef which extends about 4 mile southeasterly. The town of Oslob, small and unimportant, stands on Oslob Point; it is scattering and nearly concealed by trees. The church, a large, imposing structure with a red tile roof, forms a prominent landmark. The telegraph cable from Dumaguette lands 1/2 mile southward of Oslob Church. Anchorage may be had on the south side of Oslob Point in 4 to 9 fathoms (7.3 to 16.4 m.). From Oslob Point to Tañon Point, the southern extremity of Cebu Island, the shore line consists of sheer, white cliffs from 10 to 120 feet (3 to 37 m.) high, alternating with sandy beaches. This coast is clear and steep-to. Sumilon Island lies 32 miles 69° (ENE. mag.) from the south end of Cebu and over 1 mile from shore. It is wooded and 103 feet (31 m.) high in the northern part. Near the southern end of the island is a prominent stone tower 22 feet (6.7 m.) high, the top of which is 103 feet (31 m.) above the sea. Sumilon Island is surrounded by a narrow, steep-to reef bare at low water. The channel between it and Cebu is 1 mile wide, deep, and clear. NORTH COAST OF BOHOL Bohol is of oval form, 48 miles long in a northeast-and-opposite direction, and 34 miles wide north and south. It has an area of about 1,441 square statute miles and is the tenth island in the Philippines in point of size. It is well populated. The southern part is hilly and rocky, but in the northern part are fertile valleys and good tracts of level land. The highest point on the island, 2,630 feet (802 m.), is in the southeast part, about 5 miles northwestward of Nauco Point. Mount Cogton, in the northeast part of the island, is a prominent, grass-covered, double peak 1,505 feet (459 m.) high. Bohol contains no good harbors, and its rivers are generally small and of little value to navigation. Lapinin Island, lying close to the northeast point of Bohol, is generally low, but of rugged appearance. It is a wide, rice-cultivated flat, broken by low, conspicuous hills covered with grass. A welldefined hill 422 feet (129 m.) high, near the southern point of the island, is probably the highest point. Its shores are indented by numerous bays, fringed with mangroves, except in a few places where there are small stretches of sand beach and faced by reefs. There are no rivers, the openings in the mangroves being only esteroes extending a short distance inland. Three small islets, Bonoon, Budlaan, and Pamasaun, lie close to the north side of the island. Tinuibo Island, 2 miles southeastward of the northeast point of Lapinin Island, is small, clean, steep-to, and 397 feet (111 m.) high. The east side is very bold, but the west side has a low, sandy spit about 4 feet (1.2 m.) high extending a short distance. Tinuibo Island is prominent. The channel between it and Leyte is about 7 miles wide and is deep and clear. Basiao Channel, separating Lapinin Island from Bohol, is a winding channel about 1/2 mile wide, with Lapinin Chico Islet at its northern end. Lapinin Chico Islet is a small islet 107 feet (33 m.) high, fringed with mangroves, lying about 5% mile westward of Lapinin Island. From the eastern entrance to Basiao Channel a mid-channel course is safe, and a depth of 3 fathoms (5.5 m.) can be carried to within 1 mile of Lapinin Chico. About 3/4 mile southeastward of Lapinin Chico is a sand bar which bares at 34 tide, and is connected with the islet by a sand spit. The channel divides and passes on each side of this bar, and through each branch about 21/2 fathoms (4.6 m.) can be carried at low water. About 300 yards from the south side of Lapinin Chico is a rock awash at high water, with 211⁄2 fathoms (4.6 m.) close to its south side, and on the opposite side of the channel, about 550 yards southward of this rock, is a small rock covered by 11⁄2 fathoms (2.7 m.) at low water. The channel east of Lapinin Chico lies close to the sand bar southeastward of the islet, is about 400 yards wide, and has a north-and-south direction along the east side of the islet. There are two 12-fathom (2.7 m.) spots near the sand bar at the end of the spit, one about 250 yards east-southeastward and the other 400 yards northeastward from the bar, both over a sandy bottom. Basiao Channel affords excellent but limited anchorage in 3 to 5 fathoms (5.5 to 9.1 m.); sand and rock bottom. From Centinela Point, at the northern entrance to the Basiao Channel, the coast trends in a general west-northwesterly direction for 141⁄2 miles to Tabon Point, the northern extremity of the island, and thence westerly for 8 miles to Corte Point. This coast is very irregular in outline, generally fringed with mangroves, and faced by shoal water to a considerable distance. The rivers are small and unimportant, with the exception of the Ipil, which empties about |