the town is situated and the mainland is an extensive mangrove swamp. A precarious anchorage for small craft may be found in 12 fathoms (21.9 m.), close to the edge of the reef, southeastward of the north end of the point.

Agio Point, the southeastern extremity of the island of Bohol, is low, but rises rapidly to a height of 535 feet (163 m.) within less than 2 mile back from its extremity. It is fringed with a narrow, steep-to reef with a scattered growth of mangroves.

EAST COAST OF BOHOL

Between Agio Point and Lamanoc Point, 234 miles northward, the shore line recedes westward, forming a bight blocked by reefs on which is a scattered growth of mangroves. The outer edge of the reefs forms a nearly straight line between Agio and Lamanoc Points.

Lamanoc Point is composed of low, rocky cliffs and forms a very prominent projection from the coast line. Off the point there are three rocky islets lying on the shore reef. The shore reef off the eastern end of Lamanoc Point is very narrow, and the outer of the three islets may be passed at a distance of 1⁄2 mile.

Cogton Bay, between Lamanoc and Cabulao Points, is nearly blocked by Lumislis, Catiil, Tabangdio, and Calangaman Islets, all low and covered with mangroves and connected with the shore by reefs bare at low water. A reef, awash at low water, 3% mile northward of Tabangdio Islet is the only detached danger in the bay. The head of the bay is shoal, with mud and sand flats and reefs fringing the shore which bare at low water. The shore line is generally composed of mangroves. The town of Mabini and the village of Cogton lie at the head of the bay. Good anchorage, sheltered from all winds except from the southeast, may be found in an area about 3/4 mile in extent, south and southwest of Lumislis Islet, where there is a depth of 10 fathoms (18.3 m.), muddy bottom, at the entrance, gradually shoaling to 22 fathoms (4.6 m.).

From about 14 miles north-northwestward of Lamanoc Point, a chain of reefs extends northward for about 5 miles. These reefs are covered by varying depths, from awash at one point to a depth of 5 fathoms (9.1 m.), and with local knowledge, may be crossed in a number of places. The best way to enter Cogton Bay from eastward is by a channel through the reefs about 2 miles northward of Lamanoc Point, which is about 3 mile wide and has a depth of 29 fathoms (53 m.) in the middle, or from the northward past Cabulao Point. To enter from eastward, the north side of Catiil Island should be steered for on a 270° (W. % S. mag.) course, with the houses at Cogton open northward from Catiil. After clearing the outer reef the vessel should be hauled northward to clear the reef previously mentioned as lying northward from Tabangdio Islet and anchorage taken up in 4 to 5 fathoms (7.3 to 9.1 m.), 3% mile northwestward of Catiil Islet.

To enter from northward, Cabulao Point should be approached to within about 1/2 mile, keeping it bearing between. 270° (W. % S. mag.) and 230° (SW. % W. mag.) to avoid the reefs eastward from Cogton Bay and those northeastward from Cabulao Point, which will be described later. From a position about 1⁄2 mile east

ward of Cabulao Point a 187° (S. 12 W. mag.) course will carry a vessel about 1/2 mile eastward of the reefs connecting Lumislis Islet with the main and also Lumislis Islet, which should be rounded at the same distance, the previous caution in regard to the reef northward from Tabangdio observed, and anchorage taken up as previously recommended.

Cabulao Point, dividing Cogton and Cabulao Bays, is a bold wooded promontory 475 feet (145 m.) high, 1/4 mile inland. It is clear and steep-to seaward, but its northern and southern sides are fringed with reefs which gradually widen as the bays are entered. Cabulao Bay lies between Cabulao and Huagdon Points. Both the bay and its approaches are encumbered with reefs, and the entire shores of the bay are fringed with mangroves. Tintiman Island, 138 feet (42 m.) high, lies in the northern part of the bay. Its shores are fringed with reefs, which, from the south end, extend about 400 yards. A rock awash lies about 600 yards westward from its northern extremity. Limaig Reef, on which there is a lone bush, is a large reef bare at low water, lying nearly 1 mile southward of Tintiman Island. There is a small reef with a least depth of 12 fathoms (2.7 m.), 14 miles north-northeastward of Cabulao Point. A large reef, the southern part of which bares at low water, lies with its northern end 1 mile eastward of Tintiman Island. In addition to the above there are a number of other shoal patches in the approach to Cabulao Bay, the positions of which will be best understood by reference to the chart.

Good anchorage may be found westward of Tintiman Island, to approach which the summit of Tintiman Island should be steered for, bearing 353° (N. 34 W. mag.), 330° (NNW. 34 W. mag.), or 240° (SW. by W. 14 W. mag.). The first course will carry a vessel from a position about 1/4 mile eastward of Cabulao Point through a channel 1/2 mile wide and 11 fathoms (20.1 m.) deep in the middle between Limaiag Reef and the 12-fathom (2.7 m.) reef previously described. The second course will carry a vessel from a position 11/4 miles eastnortheastward of Cabulao Point midway between the 12-fathom (2.7 m.) patch and the large reef, bare at low water, lying southeastward of Tintiman Island; this channel is 5% mile wide and has a depth of 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) in the middle. The third course will carry a vessel through a deep channel over 1 mile wide between a 3-fathom (5.5 m.) spot eastward of Huagdon Point and the northern limit of the large shoal southeastward of Tintiman Island. The southern end of Tintiman Island should be rounded at a distance of 3⁄4 mile and anchorage taken up in 8 fathoms (14.6 m.), muddy bottom, about 3 mile from shore westward of the summit of the island. This anchorage may also be approached by passing northward of Tintiman Island, care being taken to avoid the rock previously mentioned as lying westward of the north end of it.

Huagdon Point is the southeastern extremity of a large peninsula having two hills 445 and 375 feet (136 and 124 m.) high, the southern being the higher. The eastern side of this peninsula is clear and steep-to, but 3⁄4 mile southeastward and 34 mile eastward of Huagdon Point are 3-fathom (5.5 m.) patches.

About 31⁄2 miles eastward of Huagdon Point are a number of reefs with depths of 314 to 5 fathoms (5.9 to 9.1 m.) as shown on the chart.

Between the northern extremity of the peninsula on which Huagdon Point is situated and the eastern entrance to Basiao Channel, a distance of 3 miles, the shore is low and fringed with mangroves. The water off this coast is shoal, and there are a number of small patches with 134 to 5 fathoms (3.2 to 9.1 m.) and a rock awash lying about 8 mile from shore, all of which may be avoided by keeping Tinuibo Islet bearing nothing eastward of 20° (N. by E. 34 E. mag.) until the 422-foot (129 m.) hill on the south end of Lapinin Island bears 285° (WNW. 34 W. mag.). ·

CHANNEL BETWEEN DANAJON BANK AND LEYTE,

separating Danajon Bank from Leyte, is over 6 miles wide, but is divided into several passes by Cain, Adam, and Eve Reefs, and Canigao Island. The pass between Canigao Island and Leyte is nearly 1 mile wide, has a depth of 10 fathoms (18.3 m.), and is the one generally used.

Canigao Island, over 1 mile from the coast of Leyte, is low, flat, and heavily wooded. Its eastern side is clean, but the northern, western, and southern sides are skirted with reefs which extend about 34 mile from the southwestern point. Canigao Light, occulting white, visible 12 miles, marks the northeast point of the island.

Cain Reef is a small reef with a least depth of 4 fathoms (7.3 m.) lying 134 miles west-northwestward of Canigao Island.

Adam Reef, with a least depth of 14 fathom (0.4 m.), lies with its center 22 miles westward of Canigao Island and 211⁄2 miles southeastward of the eastern edge of Danajon Bank. Tinuibo Island, bearing 196° (S. by W. % W. mag.), leads through the channel between the Danajon Bank and Adam Reef in nothing less than 6 fathoms (11 m.).

Eve Reef, 111⁄2 miles west-southwestward of Canigao Island, is of small extent and has a least depth of 314 fathoms (5.9 m.).

Abel Reef is a small reef with a least depth of 3344 fathoms (6.8 m.) lying 134 miles southward of Canigao Island.

Currents. In Mindanao Sea, between the south point of Panaon Island (south of Leyte) and the north point of Camiguin Island, is a constant current westward, with varying velocity, according to wind and tide, in both monsoons. Vessels approaching Surigao Strait from westward should keep well over toward Panaon Island to avoid being set toward Camiguin Island. In the southern part of the sea, on the north coast of Mindanao, there appears to be hardly any tidal stream, and the currents follow the direction of the wind in both monsoons. There appears to be a constant current southward between Cebu and Bohol and between Negros and Siquijor. It would be better for sailing vessels to work up on the north coast of Mindanao and make Bohol east of Siquijor Island.

The current produced by the tidal wave that enters by the Strait of Surigao and passes between the Islands Pangalo and Siquijor divides into two branches. The northernmost flows to the northwest and strikes against the southeast coast of Cebu about Dalaguete Point, spreading north and south along the coast, so that a vessel off Dalaguete Point has a flood favorable for going to Cebu or to enter Tañon Strait. The stream that flows northerly passes through

the channel between Cebu and Bohol, and 5 or 6 miles south of the Camotes Islands it meets the opposite flood tide coming south between the northern part of Cebu and Leyte. The ebb tide sets in the reverse direction. The second branch flows westward, and, striking the Negros coast off Dumaguete, divides into two other arms, one of which enters Tañon Strait with great force, while the other turns south between Siquijor and the coast of Negros until, off Bombonon Point, it meets the flood from around the south end of Negros and the united waters take a southeasterly direction toward Silla and Tagolo Points in Mindanao.

SIQUIJOR ISLAND,

about 10 miles eastward of the southern part of Negros, is a subprovince of Oriental Negros. Its surface is high and broken, and Mount Malabahoc, near the center of the island and 2,060 feet (628 m.) high, is the highest point. Mount Cudtingan, about 5 miles northeastward of Mount Malabahoc, is 1,530 feet (466 m.) high; its sides form Sandugan and Daquit Points. The entire island is fringed by a narrow, steep-to, coral reef off which the water is generally too deep to afford anchorage. With the exception of the west end of the island, where the shore reef extends nearly 1 mile, Siquijor may be safely rounded at a distance of 1⁄2 mile. The only protected anchorage on the island is the little port of Canoan on the northwest side. Anchorage, sheltered during certain seasons, may be found in Maria and Lazi Bays. Siquijor is one of the most thickly populated islands in the archipelago, and produces corn, hemp, tobacco, and cocoa. There are a number of towns and villages on its shores, but they are of little commercial value.

Port Canoan (chart 4466) is an indentation in the western shore about 3 miles southward of Sandugan Point. It is very small, but offers fair shelter for small craft in all weather. Mud flats at the head of the port and fringing reefs on either side reduce the available anchorage space to an area about 400 yards long and 200 yards wide. Both sides of the entrance are marked by low, yellow bluffs and fringed by reefs which extend about 200 yards.

Larena stands on a slight elevation on the south side of the port. A stone pier, with a house on it, at which launches can berth, extends about 70 yards north-northwestward from the foot of the bluff in front of the village.

Two fixed red lights are shown from range beacons at the head of the port. These lights, in range bearing 1152° (SE. by E. % E. mag.), lead through the channel to the anchorage. The front light is shown from a triangular beacon, apex upward, painted white with a vertical black stripe through the center, just north of the bridge at the head of the port. The rear light is shown from a triangular beacon, apex downward, painted white, with a vertical black stripe through the center, on a bare slope 195 feet (59 m.) high, about 850 yards from the front beacon. Vessels bound into Port Canoan should bring the beacons in range and enter cautiously. The best anchorage is in 9 fathoms (16.4 m.) muddy bottom, on the range, with the end of the pier bearing 181° (S. mag.), distant about 100

yards. It is reported that bad weather from any direction sends considerable sea into Port Canoan.

Siquijor, the largest town on the island, is about 5 miles southwestward of Port Canoan. It contains a large church and other prominent buildings, all with nipa roofs and painted white. The water in front of the town is too deep to afford safe anchorage, and Siquijor does most of its business through Port Canoan, with which it is connected by a good road.

Tonga, Pasigajou, Tambisan, and Paliton Points, forming the western part of the island, are low, well wooded, principally with coconut trees, and surrounded by a reef, partly bare at low water, which extends nearly 1 mile. This reef shows prominently, and its edge is generally well defined by fish traps.

San Juan is a large town on the coast about 3 miles southeastward of Tambisan Point, the extreme western point of the island. It contains a large prominent church. The shore in front of the town is fringed by a narrow reef, outside of which the water deepens rapidly. Lazi Bay, on the south side of Siquijor, about 9 miles southeastward of the town of San Juan, lies between Canaba and Carigan Points. Carigan Point, forming the eastern side of the bay, is a prominent table-land over 400 feet (122 m.) high. The town of Lazi, standing on the elevation at the head of the bay, contains a very prominent church and convent. Anchorage, well protected during the northeast monsoon, may be found by bringing the church to bear 317° (NW. % N. mag.) and steering for it, anchoring in 18 to 20 fathoms (33 to 36 m.); muddy and sandy bottom. Inshore of this position the water shoals very rapidly. With the exception of the narrow reef fringing the shore, Lazi Bay is free from dangers.

Minalulan Bay, eastward of Lazi Bay, is blocked by reefs and is of no value to navigation. The point forming the eastern side of the bay is moderately high and well wooded.

Minalulan Point, the southeastern extremity of Siquijor, is moderately high, well wooded, and very prominent.

Maria Bay lies northward of Minalulan Point, between Minalulan and Daquit Points. Maria is a large town at the head of the bay. It contains a large prominent church. Anchorage, well protected during the southwest monsoon, may be found off the sand beach just southward of the river which empties on the south side of the town, in 20 fathoms (36 m.) sandy bottom. No coral is found off this beach, but immediately northward of the bluffs, on the northern side of the river mouth, coral reefs extend about 1 mile. With the exception of the fringing shore reef, Maria Bay is free from dangers. Daquit Point, the northern entrance to Maria Bay, is formed by a hill over 200 feet (61 m.) high, at a distance of about 11⁄2 mile inland, from where it slopes gradually toward the sea, terminating in low, rocky bluffs. There is an islet lying close to the point with which it is connected by a reef.

Daquit Reef is a large, circular, coral reef, with a least depth of 121⁄2 fathoms (2.7 m.) and surrounded by deep water, about 212 miles northward of Daquit Point and 2 miles from shore. It is usually marked by discolored water.