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of articles that may have fallen overboard is always at the captain's charge. Articles shall be handed to him on payment of any such expense incurred.

3. Allowing any gunshots to be fired.

4. Sounding their steam whistle in the ports of the canal, except as an alarm signal in case of serious danger.

5. Burial in the banks of the canal.

ARTICLE 21.

ACCIDENTS.

SECTION 1. Whenever a collision appears probable, ships must not hesitate to run aground, should this be necessary to avoid it.

SEC. 2. Whenever a ship is accidentally stopped on her way, she must, if other ships are following her, attract their attention by sounding her steam whistle sharply four or five times in close succession, repeating this several times at a few moments' interval until the ship following her repeats this signal, which must be taken as an order to slacken speed at once with a view to stopping, if need be.

Ships stopped accidentally at night must immediately replace their white stern light by a red light.

In case of grounding the captain must also immediately signal to that effect conformably with the indications in the book of signals.

SEC. 3. When a ship gets aground, the officials of the company alone are empowered to prescribe and supervise all operations required to get her off, including unloading and towing if necessary, captains placing at their disposal all available means.

All attempts on the part of other ships to get off a ship aground are strictly prohibited. SEC. 4. When a ship grounds or stops in the canal in consequence of an accident other than a collision, the company, in order to remove the obstruction in the fairway with all possible speed and to hasten the restarting of the ship, does not claim any reimbursement whatsoever of expenses incurred in getting off the ship or towing her, if necessary, as far as the next siding. If from such siding the ship continues her journey in tow, she must pay towage charges as scheduled in the present regulations.

It is moreover well understood that ships bear all expenses incurred in repairs, or putting into condition, necessary to remedy such damage as might interfere with their restarting, whatever be the moment at which the damage may have taken place, and that they remain responsible for all damage which may be the consequence of the grounding.

SEC. 5. When a ship grounds or stops in the roads, or ports, from whatever cause, or in the canal itself in consequence of collision, all charges of getting the ship off, towing, unloading, reloading, etc., are charged to the ship and must be paid, as per statement drawn up by the company, before leaving Port Thewfik or Port Said.

TOWAGE AND CONVOYING.

ARTICLE 22.

CASES WHERE TOWAGE IS COMPULSORY.

Towage is compulsory in the case of-

1. Sailing ships above 50 tons gross.

2. Any ship not considered by the officials of the company as fulfilling the conditions necessary for safe navigation.

3. Ships carrying in bulk any quantity whatever of petroleum having a flash point below 23° C. (73° F.).

In all cases other than the above ships may demand to be towed or convoyed through the canal, subject to the conditions hereinafter specified. In such cases towing, or convoying, is

not compulsory on the company, who undertake it only in so far as they have any tugboats disengaged.

Ships in tow transit by day only. They must supply their own towropes.

ARTICLE 23.

TOWAGE DUES IN THE CANAL.

SECTION 1. The charge for towage over the whole length of the canal is as follows:

1. When towage is compulsory (see art. 22):

For steamers, 50 centimes per ton, subject to keeping their engines going or in readiness; the maximum charge being 2,500 francs.

For steamers unable to give the assistance of their propelling power, or not desiring to do so, and for sailing ships above 400 tons, 1 franc per ton; the maximum charge being 5,000 francs. 2. When towage is not compulsory, but takes place at the captain's request:

For steamers using their engines or holding them in readiness, 1 franc per ton, 1,200 francs being a minimum charge.

For steamers not desiring to assist the tug with their propelling power, 2 francs per ton, 2,000 francs being a minimum charge.

SEC. 2. When a tug tows a ship one-half of the length of the canal only, one-half only of the dues above specified for towage over the whole length is charged.

No other division than one-half of the length of the canal is admitted in charging for towage, from Ismailia to Port Said being considered one-half, and from Ismalia to Port Thewfik the other half, or inversely.

SEC. 3. By way of exception to the above scale of charges, a rate or charge is fixed by private agreement for the towage, whether compulsory or optional, of lighters, dredgers, and floating appliances of any description. The towage charge for sailing ships of 400 tons or under, is likewise fixed by private agreement.

ARTICLE 24.

TOWAGE DUES IN THE ROADS.

The charge to ships applying for towage to or from the roads by the company's tugs is fixed at 10 centimes per ton; at Port Said, for the distance between the inner docks and the exterior buoys and conversely; at Port Thewfik, for the distance between the docks and the roads, and conversely, the minimum charge being 25 francs.

For towage over a greater distance the charge is fixed by private agreement.

ARTICLE 25.

DUES FOR CONVOYING.

SECTION 1. When a ship requires a tug to act as a tender, the charge for convoying is 1,200 francs per day if a tug of the first class be employed, and 800 francs per day for a tug of the second class. In the event of stoppages the tug renders assistance in getting the ship under way as often as may be necessary.

SEC. 2. When a ship is convoyed over one-half of the canal only the charge is only onehalf of that stated above for the whole length of the canal.

ARTICLE 26.

HIRE OF TUGS.

In all other cases tug hire is invoiced at the tariff rates annexed to the present regulations.

ARTICLE 27.

USE OF PRIVATE TUGS.

SECTION 1. Shipowners are authorized to have their ships towed or convoyed by their own tugs, or tugs belonging to third parties, under their entire responsibility. Such tugs must be approved of by the canal company.

SEC. 2. Ships towed or convoyed by approved tugs pay 50 centimes towage dues per ton. SEC. 3. Approved tugs towing or convoying ships belonging to their owners are free of any charge.

When they go through the canal either for the purpose of meeting ships of their owners which they are about to tow or convoy, or in order to return to their home berth after having towed or convoyed the said ships, tugs are not liable to payment of the tonnage dues, but they must take a pilot on board.

They must carry neither goods nor passengers; the fact of having on board passengers or goods renders them liable to the payment of all dues and charges to which ships in transit are subject.

SEC. 4. Approved tugs employed in towing or convoying ships not belonging to their owners pay the same dues and charges as ships in transit for every passage through the canal.

SEC. 5. Notwithstanding the special treatment above stipulated, tugs belonging to private owners are subject to the strict observance of all other articles of the regulations relative to ships under way or berthed.

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Plus, per hour of diving proper, reckoned from the moment the diver enters the water to the moment he leaves it..

6.25

NOTE. For tugboats, hire is reckoned from the time of first firing; for the other appliances, from the time they leave the depot. Hire ceases when they reenter the depot. The charges for towage of the appliances have to be paid over and above the amount for hire.

ROADS AND HARBOR PILOT SIGNALS.

1. PORT SAID.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE USE OF IN THE ROADS.

By day: Flag S of the International Code or national pilot flag.......
By night: Lights hoisted at the foremast head followed by rockets or blue lights.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE BY THE HARBOR.

Send me a pilot to enter the harbor.
Do.

A. If the weather outside does not prevent the pilot boat from going out:
By day: Flag S of the International Code at masthead of the pilot boat... The pilot is going out to you.
By night: A white rocket......

N. B.-In a rough sea preventing the pilot from coming aboard, the
pilot boat must make the following signals on nearing the ship:
By day: Signal N G S of the International Code....

By night: A blue light.....

B. If the weather outside prevents the pilot boat from going out:

By day: Signal TJ P of the International Code (hoisted at the Port Said electric lighthouse)....

By night: A red rocket.

Do.

. Follow the pilot boat. The pilot will
come aboard under the lee of the
breakwater.
Do.

The pilot boat can not go out.
Do.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE USE OF IN THE HARBOR.

.Send me a pilot.
Do.

By day: Flag S of the International Code or national pilot flag..............
By night: Three white lights at the foremast head on the same halliard....
N. B.-Pilots for navigation in the canal are due on board only 1 hour and 30 minutes after the signal has been
hoisted.

2. PORT THEWFIK.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE USE OF IN THE ROADS.

Flag S of the International Code..

Flag T of the International Code.

Send me a pilot, as I wish to moor at the dock buoys in Port Thewfik.

.I give up my intention of mooring at the dock buoys in Port Thewfik.

N. B.—Ships made fast on the buoys of the dock are not allowed to get underway for the roads before having received a verbal order from the company's officials.

APPENDIX XXII.

TRAFFIC REGULATIONS AND CODE OF SIGNALS OF THE KAISER WILHELM CANAL.

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