The Wreath.

EXTRACT.

That Philofophy which tops at Secondary
Causes, reproved.

BY W. COWPER.

HAPPY the man who sees a God employ'd
In all the good and ill that chequer life!
Resolving all events, with their effects
And maniflresults, into the will
And arbitration wise of the Supreme.
Did not his eye rule all things, and intend
The least of our concerns (since from the least
The greatest eft oris nate); could chance
Fird place in his dominion, or dispose
One laves paracle to thwart his plan,
Then Goa nho be surpris'd, an unforseen
Contingente sang alarm him, and disturb
The smooth and equal course of his affairs.
This truth, philosophy, though eagle-eyed
In nature's tendencies, oft overlooks,
And, having found his instrument, forgets
Or disregards, or, more presumptuous still,
Denies the pow'r that wields it. God proclaims
His hot displeasure against foolish men
That live an atheist life; involves the heav'n
In tempests; quits his grasp upon the winds,
And gives them all their fury; bids a plague
Kindle a fiery bile upon the skin,
And putrefy the breath of blooming health.
He calls for famine,- and the meagre fiend
Blows mildew from between his shrivell'd lips,
And taints the golden ear: He springs his mines,
And desolares a nation at a blast.

Forth steps the spruce philosopher, and tells
Of homogeneal and discordant springs
And principles; of causes, how they work
By necessary laws their sure effects :
Of action and re-action. He has found
The source of the disease that Nature feels,
And bids the world take heart, and banish fear,
Thou fool! will thy discovery of the cause
Suspend the effect, or heal it? Has not God
Still wrought by means since first he made the
world;

And did he not of old employ Lis means
To drown it? What is his creation less

Than a capacious reservior of means
Form'd for his use, and ready at his will?
Go, dress thine eyes with eye-salve; ask of him,
Or ask of whomsoever he has taught,
And learn, tho' late, the genuine cause of all.

EPIGRA M.

WHEN men of infamy to grandeur soar,
They light a torch to shew their shame the more.

Diversity.

FROM THE KENTUCKY GAZETTE.

HYPOTHESI S.

IS it not probable we fhall have a mild
winter, from the following circumftance?

In the month of June and July, the
weather was extremely warm. At that
time the ice broke away from the regions
of the pole and floated down the Atlantic
to the fouthward. The latter end of Auguft
and in the month of September, it is well
known that it had arrived in the latitude of
New-Foundland, as the British packet was
caft away about that time by running a-
gainst a mountain of ice, in a northern
paffage to Europe.-Whilft it was floating
down our coats, the weather was cold
and it is probable that the ice, which would
have arrived as ufual in our latitudes, dur-
ing the winter months, has now paffed a-
It is therefore
long and melted away.
prefumable, that as one of the caufes of
hard winters has been removed, that the
approaching one will be comparatively
inild. This may alio account for the frofts
that have appeared in fome of the eaftern
ftates during the laft fummer.-The fhores
of America are known to be very low,
and of course, the continent as far as the
mountains would be eafily acceffible to
that cold air, which was wafted from the
ice as it floated along. Although it was
cold in the western country, yet there
were no frofts to be discovered; which
was owing to the Atlantic winds being
measurably broke in their paffage over the
Blue ridge and Alleghany mountains.

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FOR THE BALANCE.

POLITICAL SKETCHES.

IN

No. X.

one was,

finished, expreffed fentiments very similar to thofe of their party beforementioned. In a letter to his excellency Governor Clinton, they flated that among "the cogent reafons that influenced them to decide against the confolidation of the ftates," a conviction of the impra&ticability of eftablishing a general government, pervading every part of the United States and extending effential benefits to all." In explaining and enforcing this reafon, they proceeded to fay, "that a general government, however guarded by declarations of rights or cautionary pro vifions, muft unavoidably, in a fhort time, be productive of the deftru&tion of the c:vil liberty of fuch citizens as could be coerced by it: by reafon of the extenfive territory of the United States, the dif perfed fituation of their inhabitants, &c. And further, they expreffed an opinion, "that however wife and energetic the principles of the general government might

ple, containing the reafons of their oppo-
lition to that conflitution. In that ad:
drefs they fay, "We diffent, because it
is the opinion of the most celebrated wri-
ters on government, and confirmed by u-
niform experience, that a very extensive
territory cannot be governed on the prin-
ciples of freedom, otherwife than by a
confederation of republics, poffeffing all
the powers of internal government; but
united in the management of their general
and foreign concerns." The diffentients
then proceeded to quote, with an exprel
fed approbation, the following fentiments
from a fpeech of Mr. Wilfon, who had
been a member of the general convention.
"The extent of country, for which the
new conflitution was required, produced
another difficulty in the bufinefs of the
federal convention. It is the opinion of
fome celebrated writers, that to a small
territory the democratical-to a middling
territory, as Montefquieu has expreffed it,
a monarchical-and to an extenfive terri-be, the extremities of the United States
tory, the defpotic form of government is
beft adapted. Regarding, then, the wide
and almost unbounded jurifdiétion of the
United States, at firft view, the hand of
defpotiím feemed neceffary to controul,
connect and protect it and hence the

N the laft paper I enumerated the fingular advantages for the establishment and fupport of republican inflitutions, with which this country has been favoured: there are allo fome untoward circumftances to be noticed, which, though they fhould not lead to defpondency, ought to, excite vigilance and caution. Good and evil are fo blended together in human affairs, that there is no fituation nor political inftitution, but neceffarily partakes in fome degree of the latter. Whatever pleafing profpe&ts may, in fome other points of view, refult from the val extent of this country, it has been thought to be a circumstance unfavourable to the durable existence of national union under a free republican government. This is not a novel fentiment, nor did it originate with federalifts it had its origin with the lead-chief embarroffment arofe."-" All the ers of the anti-federal party; and there. fore has been ftamped with the fanction of fuch high authority as it would be herefy to call in queftion.

Immediately after the convention of the ftate of Pennfylvania had accepted the federal conftitution, the minority of that convention, among whom were fevera men who have fince been members of Congrefs, published an addrefs to the peo

exertions of the most potent emperors of
Rome were not capable of keeping that
empire together, which, in extent, was
far inferior to the dominion of America."

Meffrs. Yates and Lanfing, who were
delegates to the general convention from
the flate of New-York, and were to de-
cidedly opposed to the federal conflicu-
tion that they feceded from the convention
and returned home before its bufinefs was

could not be kept in due fubmiffion and obedience to its laws, at the distance of many hundred miles from the feat of government; that if the general legislature were compofed of fo numerous a body of men, as to reprefent the interefts of all he inhabitants of the United States, in the ufual and true ideas of reprefentation, the expence of fupporting it would become intolerably burdenfome; and that if a few only were vefted with the power of legiflation, the interefts of a great major ty of the inhabitants of the United States muft neceffarily be unknown; or, if known, even in the firft ftages of the operations of the new government, unattended to."*

Suffice it to mention one more authority of equal refpe&tability. Doctor Benjamin Ruth of Philadelphia, who ranks on the democratic fide, in an addrefs to the people of the United States, published fome years ago, faid, "There is but one path that can lead the United States to deftruction; and that is, their extent of territory. It was probably to effect this that Great Britain ceded to us fo much waste land." The Doctor in that addrefs. quoted the following fentiment of the Abbe Raynal; "Sweden loft her liberties, becaule her citizens were so scattered, that they had no means of afting in concert with each other."

What would be the confequences of fuch a difmemberment, attended as it muft be with the deftru&tion of our general government, God only knows,

Among the "Magnalia" of wonders with which our age and country abound is this, that the democrats, who formerly objected to the federal constitution, on the principle that no general gov. ernment could embrace the interests of a country so vastly extensive, should now denounce it as treason to arraign the policy of incorporating into it, under one general government, another country almost e qually extensive. Is this a glaring inconsistency? or rather, is it, in some of the leaders, merely a part of a consistent plan of warfare against the federal constitution, to the adoption of which they were violently opposed

their confent, or a matter at all difficult, I would fuggeft another plan, lefs objectionable, and altogether eafy, viz. That Mr. Jefferfon employ fome broad-winged bird of the Wildernefs, (the birds, no doubt, must be prodigious enough in that country for the purpose) to hover over it with its wings, and fecure it from the effects of ftorms; and, left thieves and rob. bers might run away with it, in the mean time, to fend the notable Captain Holt, with his volunteers, as a proper force to give it the moft redoubtable protection. Mr. Jefferson can then, at his leifure, transfer the feat of Empire to its vicinity, and difpofe of it as he thinks proper.He can decree it eternal funfhine; he can change the Miffouri into an arm of the fea, fo as to admit French veffels ; he can fend part of the Mountain on a raft to England, to enable him to pay off the French debt, and alfo to build a Mufeum for the reception of Centaurs and Mammoth's bones, both of which are fuppofed Nautilus," (who // to abound in that country. And then, to finish his great work, he can falt down the prefent politics of the majority of our Congrels, that they may never be fubject to change or putrefaction.

FOR THE BALANCE.

"

S Admiral

fails with fuch force against the current in
the Bee,) has now placed the Dry-Dock
the Bee,) has now placed the Dry-Dock
upon foundations which cannot be fhaken,
upon foundations which cannot be fhaken,
and as it is apprehended that Mr. Jeffer
fon may have a heavy job of it with his
Salt Mountain, it is propofed, that he
fhould engage, with all his heroic affur-
ance, in the fupport and protection of the
faid Jefferfon and his mountain.

As falt is known to be a perishable fub.
ftance, liable to diffolution from rain, ex-
pofure to the air, &c. And as this Moun-
tain of falt is very recent, and likely more
liable to decay on that account, it is fear-
ed, that unlefs efpecial care is taken, it
may diffolve and run down the Missouri
and Miffiffippi into the Atlantic. This,

Whether or how far thefe fentiments and arguments of the democrats were cor. rect and conclufive, 1 fhall not undertake to lay. True it is that the former republics, ancient and modern, were compara. tively, in extent of territory, on a very fmall fcale. The boafted republics of ancient Greece were fome of them, in extent, but little more than large townships. The Roman republic, while in its purity and vigour, embraced but a very fmall territory, extending only a few miles beyond the walls of Rome.-And how very fmall, compared with this country, is the territory of Venice and Genoa, or even of Switzerland and Holland? Indeed we are conftrained to yield to democratic arguments, fo far as to grant that the attempt which has been made to govern, under one republican head, a people who already number more than five millions, and have, exclufive of the late purchafe, territory enough for themselves and their pofterity, even to the "thousandth generation," that is, for thirty thousand years to come, as Mr. Jefferfon declared in his inaugural fpeech-is a novel experiment; an experiment the fuccefs of which cannot be calculated from any data that hiftory affords. In the mean time, it is moft clear and undeniable, that if, according to the arguments of the democrats, this country was too ex.enfive when the federal conftitution was made, for the controul and management of any general government, the annexation of the vaft territory of Louisiana muft eventually operate to render a general government, embracing the interes and managing the concerns of the whole nation, totally impracticable. Moft extravagant would be the expectation that the people of two vafl countries, extending in the whole from Nova Scotia to Mexi-dent, by meflage, at the clofe of this fef. co, can be long held together by the ties of the general government : nor can any thing be more plain, according to the formerly avowed principles of the democrats, that the late event which has nearly doubled our extent of territory, must inevita bly tend to a difmemberinent of the national union.

over and above the lofs of the Mountain
to our good prefident, would make it ex-
tremely inconvenient and unpleafant for
the fishes, by too fudden and abundant an
addition of briny particles, and would
perhaps, oblige them to defert the ocean
altogether, to the great annoyance of ter-
refirial inhabitants. And befides, it would
And befides, it would
give the Englifh an equal chance with the
French, to come at the falt, contrary to
the true intent and meaning of our late
treaty.

I would, therefore, have the Admiral
fet about fome plan for the difpofal and
fecurity of the Mountain; as, for in-
ftance, I think he might advife the prefi-

fion, to tranfplant it into Virginia, near
Carter's Mountain, and build fomething
like a Dry-Dock over it, that he may, in
his retreat in the day of danger, always
have a fupply of falt to give a relifh to
roots :-Or, if this fhould be accounted too
great a ftretch of executive prerogative, to
take it from the Louifanians, without

IT has not yet fallen to our fhare to record a tranfaction of Mr. Jefferfon's polit ical life, fo utterly odious in all its features as the one now to be mentioned. We are informed by a gentleman of refpectability direct from Marietta, that jeft before he left that place, he happened to be prefent at the house of General Rufus Putnam, when the old gentleman received a letter from the prefident difmiffing him from the office of Surveyor General of the United States, and appointing one Jared Mansfield in his place. This removal is not to be paffed over without making the public acquainted with all the particulars neceffary to enable them to appreciate the action

as it deferves.

General Rufus Putnam is one of thofe revolutionary officers who ferved under Walhington during the whole America■

for another, without a fhadow of thole
claims which fo eminently mark the cafe
of this veteran officer ? We have taken
fome pains to learn the hiftory of Mr.
Mansfield's life and fervices. The refult
of our inquiries furnishes another caufe for
reproach on Mr. Jefferson for his abomi-
nable inconfiftency, his fhameful felt-con-
tradition, his difgraceful departure from
all that he has publicly profeffed. He has
informed us, as we all well remember,
that his vengeance should fall, as much as
poffible, on those who adhered to our en.
emies during the American revolution.
Be it told that Jared Mansfield was a known
and determined tory during the whole war
and even was concerned in committing vi
olence on fome books in the college libra-

war; from the first battle to the clofe of the
laft campaign. He was one of those whom
his General embraced, at his leave-taking
interview, on the banks of the Hudfo,
when tears choaked his utterance, and a
fqueeze of the hand was all the expreffion
his emotions permitted him to below on
the faithful companions of all his toils, the
fharers of all his dangers. It is well known
that when the unanimous fuffrages of his
country afterwards placed him on an eleva-
tion, where he had honors and profits to
difpofe of, he never neglected an oppor-
tunity to reward the brave veterans who
had fought by his fide, without even en-
qairing what fhades of difference might ex-
ift between them and him as to the politics
of the day. Among others he fought out
the fubject of this article-He found himry in New-Haven, because they were fup-
retired to the western wilderness, where no pofed to contain fentiments favourable to
inhabitant had ventured before him. liberty. Yes; while General Putnam
There, covered with fears received in his was engaged in fighting the battles of his
country's caufe, he was engaged in fubdu- country, and was generously spilling his
country, and was generoufly fpilling his
ing wild lands, to make provifion for a blood in her fervice, this Mr. Mansfield
young family growing up about him, and was fiding with thofe very enemies, wifh-
which his flender circumftances had noting them fuccefs and doubtless yielding
been fufficient to provide for, without de-
voting his old age to all the feverities of a
first fettler. The good and generous Wafh-
ington, endeavoured to render the remain-
der of his days comfortable by appointing
him Surveyor General in the territory
North weft of the river Ohio and above the
mouth of Kentucky river, with a falary of
two thousand dollars per annum. This he
has been fuffered to enjoy till now.
Our
prefent executive had not before perhaps
difcovered the refidence of the victim, or
had not arrived at him in the regular courfe
he had marked out for himfelf. If we fol.
low Mr. Jefferfon in his tract of perfecution,
we fhall exclaim with the eloquent Bay-
ard, that "in this path we fee the real vic-
tims of ftern, uncharitable, unrelenting
power. It is here we fee the SOLDIER

WHO FOUGHT THE BATTLES OF THE REV

OLUTION; who fpilt his blood and wafted his ftrength to eft blifh the independence of his coutry; deprived of the reward of his fervices, and left to pine in penury and wretchedness. It is along this path, that we may fee helpless children crying for bread, and grey hairs finking in forrow to the grave! It is here that no innocence, no merit, no truth, no fervices can fave the unhappy fectary who does not believe in the creed of those in power."

We speak with confidence, for we speak from perfonal acquaintance with General Putnam, when we fay, that though indeed he was no democrat, he was, by no means what is called a party man; he was extremely mild in temper and amiable in manners, and muft, at leaft, have turned the frofty corner of fifty. Is it not then inhuman to drive him from his bread at this period of life, to ferve a party by providing

them all the aid in his power. How mult
this conduct of our executive give an edge
to the taunts of those who ftill fneer at the

66

bleflings of our revolution," as they call
it in derifion? But if we understand Mr.
Jefferfon's character, he is not to be in-
fluenced by any confiderations of this fort.
Power has fo long been the object of his
fondeft dreams,
fondeft dreams, that having by fome
means attained it, he is determined by ev-
ery means to keep it. All therefore that
he thinks ftand in his way, or are not well
difpofed towards him must be facrificed
without regard to cirumftances, age, or
fervices.

And should every revolutionary officer
with Washington at their head, were he
now alive, present an impediment to his
ambition, he would quickly deftroy them
all, all at one fell fwoop." But it is
not, nor it cannot come to good," When
his
"May of life
"Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf;
"And that which should accompany old age,
"As honour, love, obedience-troops of friends,
[He] must not look to have; but in their stead,
"Curses, not loud, but deep."

་་

he, in vain, will with for
And an hour will affuredly arrive, when

"Some sweet oblivious antidote,
[To] clense the foul bosom of that perilous stuff,
Which weighs upon the heart."

A fpeculative philofopher, weighed in
the fcale of reafon, against practical wif
dom, kicks the beam like a goffamer, tha
floats in the air, ballanced with a weige
of bullion.
[Port Folio.]

FROM THE U. S. GAZETTE.

NOT long fince, Congress adjourned for feveral days for the purpose of attend-i ing the horfe races. The Aurora complains that this matter has been mireprefented in the caftern federal prints:

66

They," fays he, "attribute it to the in"fluence of the democrats, it ought to be "known that the contrary was the fact, "an adjournment was oppofed by the re"publicans."-Well faid! Mr. Organ, the adjournment was oppofed by the republicans, who compofe a majority of more than two to one, and yet was carried!" So much," exclaims the Aurora in the conclufion, "for the truth of federalifts on this fubje&." A very modeft reflection, truly!We muit, per force, take this statement for truth, ftrange as it may appear, and we cannot withhold our admiration of the forbearing and accommodating fpirit of the democrats, who, though a very great majority, and though opposed to an adjournment, ftill very quietly fubmitted to a measure which was forced upon them by the wicked federalifts, and which it was, therefore, not in their power to prevent.

Balance Closet.

A Pamphlet, entitled, "An Examination of the various charges against AARON BURR, Esq. VicePresident of the United States," &c. &c. has just been published at New-York. The writer takes a comprehensive view of the state of parties-traces the origin of the controversy between Col. Burr and his opponents, and in doing this, developes the views and delineates the moral and political characters of many conspicuous adherents of the Clintonian and Livingston faction. We find our friend, the Attorney-General, is not forgotten; though the author, and we think pretty correctly, considers him rather as a tool of the faction, than as an effective, independent member of it. Our friend is certainly but a " tool," unless perhaps in devising some of the most menial, humble and disgusting measures of his party, in which his betters do not wish and are ashamed to appear.-De Witt Clinton, and Tillotson, who is said once to have been a shuffling apothecary," ," and many others of similar characters, are roughly handled, and their morals and politics severity scrutinized. The author is as yet unknown. Our friend will doubtless regret this-Oh! if he could but discover him, what a delightful, luxurious victim would he be.-What a glorious, rich and im mortal harvest of suits would his pamphlet afford.

We give no opinion on the merits of the principal question discussed in the pamphlet. I port of diction, arrangement, and cutting severity, we do not however hesitate to say, this the production in question has rarely, it'over, been exell-1 Those who have noget joia.d the caginst the VicePresident, wild, well enough to read it.