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ordered those that killed their oxen, to cut their throats upon that stone. This was the only lawful way of killing animals for food; the tying of the ox, and throwing it upon the ground was not permitted as equivalent. The Israelites did probably, in that case, as the Abyssinians do at this day; they cut a part of its throat, so that blood might be seen on the ground, but nothing mortal to the animal followed from that wound: but, after laying his head upon a large stone, and cutting his throat, the blood fell from on high, or was poured on the ground like water, and sufficient evidence appeared that the creature was dead, before it was attempted to eat it. We have seen that the Abyssinians came from Palestine a very few years after this, and we are not to doubt, that they then carried with them this, with many other Jewish customs, which they have continued to this day." (BRUCE's Travels, vol. iii. p. 299.) To corroborate the account given by Mr. Bruce, in these extracts, it may be satisfactory to affix what Mr. Antes has said upon the subject, in his Observations on the Manners and Customs of the Egyptians, p. 17. "When Mr. Bruce returned from Abyssinia, I was at Grand Cairo. I had the pleasure of his company for three months almost every day, and having, at that time, myself an idea of penetrating into Abyssinia, I was very inquisitive about that country, on hearing many things from him which seemed almost incredible to me; I used to ask his Greek servant Michael, (a simple fellow, incapable of any invention) about the same circumstance, and must say, that he commonly agreed with his master, as to the chief points. The description Mr. Bruce makes concerning the bloody banquet of live oxen among the natives, he happened never to mention to me, else I could have made the same enquiry; but I heard not only this servant, but many eye witnesses, often speak of the Abyssinians eating raw meat."

No.5.-ix.21.And he drank of the wine and was drunken.] Numerous passages might be selected from the sacred books of the Hindus, in which there appears an extraordinary coincidence with some parts of the sacred scriptures. It is admitted by those who are best acquainted with the heathen records, that the similarity is not merely casual, but that the facts and circumstances thus detailed had been in some way, however remote or traditional, derived from the divine original. The following extract from the Padma-purán, of which the translation is minutely exact, may afford a specimen of these conformities, which are strongly corroborative of the truth of the Mosaic history. It is evidently the history of Noah and his sons just after the flood.

1. "TO SATYAVARMAN, that sovereign of the whole earth, were born three sons; the eldest, SHERMÁ; then C'HARMA; and thirdly, JYA'PETI by name.

2. They were all men of good morals, excellent in virtue and virtuous deeds, skilled in the use of weapons to strike with or to be thrown; brave men, eager for victory in battle,

3. "But SATYAVARMAN, being continually delighted with devout meditation, and seeing his sons fit for dominion, laid upon them the burden of government,

4. "Whilst he remained honouring and satisfying the gods, and priests, and kine. One day, by the act of destiny, the king, having drunk mead,

5. "Became senseless, and lay asleep naked; then was he seen by C'HARMA, and by him were his two brothers called.

6. To whom he said, what now has befallen? in what state is this our sire? By those two was he hidden with clothes, and called to his senses again and again.

7." Having recovered his intellect, and perfectly knowing what had passed, he cursed C'HARMA, saying, thou shalt be the servant of servants.

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8. And, since thou wast a laugher in their presence, from laughter shalt thou acquire a name.

Then he

gave to SHERMA the wide domain on the south of the snowy mountain,

9. "And to JYA'PETI he gave all on the north of the snowy mountain; but he, by the power of religious contemplation, attained supreme bliss."

Asiatic Researches, vol. iii. p. 465.

No. 6.-xvi. 12. His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him.] "The one is the natural, and almost necessary consequence of the other. Ishmael lived by prey and rapine in the wilderness: and his posterity have all along infested Arabia and the neighbouring countries with their robberies and incursions. They live in a state of continual war with the rest of the world, and are both robbers by land, and pirates by sea. As they have been such enemies to mankind, it is no wonder that mankind have been enemies to them again; that several attempts have been made to extirpate them; and even now as well as formerly travellers are forced to go with arms, and in caravans or large companies, and to march and keep watch like a little army, to defend themselves from the assaults of these free-booters, who run about in troops, and rob and plunder all whom they can by any means subdue. These robberies they also justify, by alledging the hard usage of their father Ishmael, who being turned out of doors by Abraham, had the open plains and deserts given him by God for his patrimony, with permission to take whatever he could find there; and on this account they think they may, with a safe conscience, indemnify themselves, as well as they can, not only on the posterity of Isaac, but also on every body else; always supposing a kind of kindred between

themselves and those they plunder; and in relating their adventures of this kind, they think it sufficient to change the expression, and instead of, I robbed a man of such and such a thing, to say, I gained it."

SALE'S Prelim. Discourse, 30.

NEWTON on the Prophecies, vol. i. p. 42.

No. 7.-xviii. 1-8.] When a party belonging to Capt. Cooke (in his last voyage) went ashore on an island near that of Mangeea in the South Seas, they were forcibly detained by the natives a considerable time, which much alarmed them. But this detention proceeded, as they afterwards found, from pure motives of hospitality; and continued only till such time as they had roasted a hog, and provided other necessaries for their refreshment. In reviewing this most curious transaction, says the writer of that voyage, we cannot help calling to our memory the manners of the patriarchal times. It does not appear to us, that these people had any intention in detaining ours, different from those which actuated the patriarch in a similar transaction.

No. 8.-xviii. 6. And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, make ready quickly three measures of fine méal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.] These instructions are quite similar to the manners of the place, which even at present are little if any thing altered from what they anciently were. Thus Dr. SHAW relates (Trav. p. 296.) "that in cities and villages, where there are public ovens, the bread is usually leavened: but among the Bedoweens, as soon as the dough is kneaded, it is made into thin cakes, which are either immediately baked upon the coals, or else in a ta-jen, a shallow earthen vessel like a frying pan."

2 Sam. xiii. 8.

1 Chron. xxiii. 29.

No. 9.-xviii. 7. Abraham ran into the herd, and fetched a calf tender and good.] Abraham appears to have taken a very active part in preparing to entertain the angels. But when it is said that he ran to the herd, and fetched a calf, we must not understand him as descending to an office either menial or unbecoming his rank, since we are informed, that "the greatest prince of these countries is not ashamed to fetch a lamb from his herd, and kill it, whilst the princess is impatient till she hath prepared her fire and kettle to dress it." SHAW's Travels, p. 301.

No. 10.- xix. 24. The Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah, brimstone and fire.] These cities are said by Moses, on account of their abominable impurities, to have been overwhelmed with a torrent of liquid fire, rained down upon them from heaven. His narrative is equally confirmed by profane historians and by modern travellers. Diodorus Siculus mentions the peculiar nature of the lake, which covered the country, where these towns were formerly situated. "The water of it is bitter and fetid to the last degree, insomuch that neither fish nor any other aquatic animals, are able to live in it." (Bib. Hist. lib. xix. p. 734.) Tacitus relates, that a tradition still prevailed in his days, of certain powerful cities having been destroyed by thunder and lightning, and of the plain, in which they were situated, having been burnt up. He adds, that evident traces of such a catastrophe remained. The earth was parched, and had lost all its natural powers of vegetation: and whatever sprung up, either spontaneously, or in consequence of being planted, gradually withered away, and crumbled into dust. (TACIT. Hist. lib. v. c. 7.) Strabo, after describing the nature of the lake Asphaltis, adds, that the whole of its appearance gives an air of probability to the prevailing tradition, that thirteen

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