these little constrictions becomes in its turn ch breaks at two points and gives rise to a Ist the above dilatation becomes transformed er the rupture of the latter lines, the large herical form. All these phenomena occur so that, throughout their duration, the figure liquid cylinder, those portions of the cylinder, e, whether we conceive these portions to exist ve begun to be apparent, or whether we take e., whilst each of them is becoming modified rm. The length of a division consequently hich, during the transformation, is included constrictions. the divisions, we denominate that which the -th of the cylinder to which they belong were is limited by solid bases, the divisions also e length of the cylinder is equal to the prohole number, or rather a whole number and a a whole number, the transformation becomes ing its accomplishment the figure terminates on the other with a dilatation; if the second ber and a half, the figure terminates on each ngth of the cylinder fulfils neither of these t length which approximates the most closely the transformation adopts that of the two itable for the attainment of this end. a given diameter, the normal length of the the liquid, and with certain external circuma surrounding liquid, or the contact of the a solid plane. In all the subsequent statecase, i. e., that of the absence of external shall always suppose that the cylinders are at they are free as regards their entire convex ameters, but formed in the same liquid, and at the divisions assume in each of them their in the same manner, i. e., the respective e to each other as the diameters of these cyle nature of the liquid does not change, the a cylinder is proportional to the diameter of to the diameter of the isolated spheres into converted, and to the length of the intervals length of the divisions to the diameter of the of stability. ker 1.82; and for that of the s to this same diameter, the 1 If mercury is the liquid, and! which elapses between the ori empture of the lines, is exactly the cylinder. This law very probably applies This same law may possibly be : but our experiments leave 11. For the same diameter, and v gh, the absolute value of the ti 12. In the case of mercury, and Te is considerably more than ty 13. When a cylinder is formed ated for the proportion of the n be comprised between once and sformation gives only a single in for the final result only tw Flume and curvature, respectively spherules. (TO BE CONTINU 0I IIC ༦) LHuTu་༡ for that of the proportion of the distance of two adjacent e diameter, the number 2.18. 3 the liquid, and the divisions have their normal length, the between the origin of the transformation and the instant of lines, is exactly or apparently proportional to the diameter robably applies also to each of the other very slightly viscid may possibly be general, i. e., it may be applicable to all Experiments leave this point uncertain. ne diameter, and when the divisions are always of their normal ite value of the time in question varies with the nature of the e of mercury, and with a diameter of a centimeter, this absolute ably more than two seconds. ylinder is formed between two solid bases sufficiently approxroportion of the normal length of the cylinder to the diameter between once and once and a half the limit of stability, the ives only a single constriction and a single dilatation; we then nal result only two portions of a sphere which are unequal in vature, respectively adherent to solid bases, besides interposed (TO BE CONTINUED IN THE NEXT REPORT.) of nature everywhere present and at every namely, gravitation and magnetism. They all pervading and perhaps equally powerful. earth, however, do not manifest themselves as avitation, and the naturalist is obliged to emcomplicated apparatus to study the laws of its pose to present to our readers a sketch of the gnetism, and in doing so we shall also briefly the science. arts of the earth a mineral of a dark color, oxygen, which has long been an object of ine learned, principally on account of the attracd the wonderful property which it imparts to the poles of the earth. Its composition may formulæ Fe 0+ Fe2O3, being a compound ron. It is called loadstone, and occurs most of gneiss; chlorite slate, in primitive limeable masses in serpentine, and in trap. It is ty at Rosslay, in Sweden, in Corsica, on the ia, Saxony, Bohemia, and in the Hartz mound, and Mount Pumachanche, in Chili, are said etic ore. Extensive beds of magnetic iron ore he United States, and in some of these occur polarity; such as those at Marshall's island, sas, at Goshen, Chester county, Pennsylvania, nineral is not magnetic in its natural condition only exhibit this property after having been tement has not been verified, and is apparently he mineral is known to us, is said to be derived linor, where it was first found. The Roman to this in a passage of his celebrated poem on e states that the Greeks called this stone magcountry of the Magnesians. probable than the account given by Pliny, who in Magnes, a herdsman, who, in guarding his If suddenly held fast to a magnetic rock by the iron point of his staff. But whatever may be h the magnet has been designated in different et that they show distinctly the idea that pre nations of the most poetic tempe idea in their Thsu-chy (the con most surprising is, that the nan poetry of any country; but pr amely, that of iron, with which bowever, allusion to the magnet of our own it would be easy to staney-the former by its attrac phrase, indeed, is more familiar t From all the records which re ancients had at an early period phenomena of magnetism, and th ng power. They appear also t creasing the attractive power of what is called an armature, that of the stone which exhibited the atter see, are called its poles. states that the wonderful stone agn by the separation of this I The same author describes al Venus, cut from a magnet, lifted in his work on the Syrian godde statue of Apollo was lifted before and remained suspended in the architect of Ptolemy Philadelph honor of Arsinoe, sister of th magnets, so that an iron statue This temple, however, was not teet died before it could be comp According to Cedrenus and exh bited in a temple of antiqui ancient god was held suspend Alexandria, and the latter, with that the suspension was such as Was soaring in the air. Fory of the coffin of Mahomet, Matheol built of magnetic stones. These statements, though pro netie phenomena, are now known of the subject, we are certain tha Contact, a piece of iron by means Tery rapidly with the distance fr suspended, it must be placed traction of the magnet upwards wards; but if it could be placed moment, since the slightest jar equilibrium, and the iron would or is this peculiarity wholly confined to the names amongst ost poetic temperament, since even the Chinese have the same su-chy (the common name) or lovestone. What may appear is, that the name of the magnet seldom occurs in the older ountry; but probably this arose from the unpoetic subject, iron, with which it was coupled. In the poetry of later times, n to the magnet often occurs, and in several beautiful passages ould be easy to point it out, both in expressing love and conmer by its attractive, and the latter by its direct power. No is more familiar than to call the object of affection "the magnet." records which refer to the subject, we must conclude that the an early period a knowledge of some of the more obvious aagnetism, and that they possessed magnets of considerable lifthey appear also to have been acquainted with the means of inractive power of the loadstone by the application to its poles of in armature, that is, by applying pieces of soft iron to the parts ich exhibited the greatest attraction, and which, as we shall herealled its poles. Thus, Claudenus, in his work entitled Magnes, wonderful stone gains power by contact with iron, and loses it paration of this metal. thor describes a performance in a temple in which a statue of n a maguet, lifted an iron statue of Mars into the air. Lucian, the Syrian goddess, mentions a similar performance, in which a o was lifted before his eyes by the priests without being touched, suspended in the air. Pliny also relates that Dinocrates, an tolemy Philadelphus, commenced to build a temple at Alexandria, rsinoe, sister of the King, of which the vault was to be built of at an iron statue of the former might be suspended in the air. However, was not finished because both Ptolemy and his archire it could be completed. to Cedrenus and Augustine, a similar performance was actually a temple of antiquity. The former asserts that the statue of an was held suspended by magnetic power in the scrapium at and the latter, without mentioning any particular temple, states ension was such as to cause the people to believe that the statue n the air. Matheolus, a commentator of Galenus, relates a similar coffin of Mahomet, which is said to soar in the air in a sanctuary netic stones. ements, though probably founded on a limited knowledge of maghena, are now known to be fabulous, since, after a full investigation et, we are certain that it is impossible to suspend in mid air, without ece of iron by means of magnetism. The magnetic power diminishes with the distance from the poles, and, in order that the iron should d, it must be placed at the exact point in space at which the atthe magnet upwards would be equal to the force of gravity downif it could be placed in this position, it would not retain it for a ace the slightest jar or the least breath of air would disturb the , and the iron would immediately fall to the floor, or spring up into weighing two pounds scarcely ever sustain as filings of iron, be placed under be developed in a series I nvi rding to Dr. Martin, Sir Isaac Newton hade has considerable power. If, inst ger-ring, and which, though only of three hundred and forty-six grains. In the philo-ere together in masses, and form a kin the poles and to each other, forming c at Dorpat there is a magnet weighing forty little over thirty-eight pounds, and was able inuation of our history, we should state that a till exists in China respecting a mountain of f the sea, the intensity of attraction of which d iron bolts with which the planks of a ship laces with such force as to cause the vessel to not confined to China, but is very general inese historians assign to the mountain a speg-haï, the southern sea, between Tonquin and in a remarkable passage in his geography, se seas. In a work attributed to St. Ambrose islands of the Persian Gulf, called Mammoles, and the precautions necessary to be taken in vigate in that vicinity is distinctly specified. e Arabian geographer, Cherif-Edrisi, and in a hal Arabian translation of the "Treatise on he existence of this mountain is again specifialso occurs in Vincent de Beauvais, a French wars; and, after his time, in the works of a S. nough is, that the Chinese writers place this the same geographical region in which it is the voyages of Sinbad the Sailor. This has confirmation of an opinion as to the oriental les, half fiction, half fact, which are so univerary literature of every country as to appear would not, however, go to the extent of saying Oderived from the east, though it cannot be em are of oriental origin. magnet which exhibited such extraordinary ributed to it wonderful moral and medicinal he belief entertained that it could enable its e of princes, the affection of women, and to ure the gout, the headache, and the heartache. ted from Albertus Magnus and others, was one heart did really love you, and another to dis a row of iron rings would hang on these experiments were performed by t racean mysteries. A similar experim inth year in honor of Apollo at Theb ne iron ball on another. These exper of a strong magnet inducing its power the attraction as long as they were in mediately losing the power when the It is only when the iron has been that it is able to retain a small amou ron, bars of tempered steel are plac they will at first not be attracted as are allowed to remain in contact for they will fully acquire the magneti been separated from the inducing m If a bar of steel, which has thus of which its poles are at its ends, b float horizontally on water, or if it gravity, or, still more simply, by a every direction horizontally, it wi direction, but will turn itself so as the earth, the one to the north, and magnetic bars are brought near eac north, and also those which point pole which points to the north in the south in the other, and vice ve The directive property of a fr points of the horizon, which is go not known to western nations as A very interesting experiment, wh consists in tracing on a polished plate in outline with a pencil, and afterwa lines of this image one of the tapered sheet of white paper is afterwards pa while it is held vertically, fine iron the image will start into existence ( flings. The image is interestingly show represent a snake; the configuratio 19 s |