Absolute terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Abstraction. The act of "drawing off"
in thought, and attending to separ-
ately, some portion of an object pre-
sented to the mind, b. ii. ch. v. § 2.
Abstract terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Accident.-In its widest technical sense,
(equivalent to Attribute,) any thing
that is attributed to another, and can
only be conceived as belonging to
some substance (in which sense it is
opposed to "Substance;") in its nar-
rower and more properly logical sense,
a Predicable which may be present or
absent, the essence of the Species
remaining the same, b. ii. ch. v. § 4.
Accidental Definition. - A definition
which assigns the Properties of a
Species, or the Accidents of an Indi-
vidual; it is otherwise called
Description, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Affirmative-denotes the quality of a
Proposition which asserts the agree-
ment of the Predicate with the subject,
b. ii. ch. ii. § 1.

Amphibolia- -a kind of ambiguity of
sentence, b. iii. § 10.
Analogous. A term is so called whose
single signification applies with unequal
propriety to more than one object, b.
ii. ch. v. § 1, and b. iii. § 10.
Antecedent. That part of a Conditional
Proposition on which the other
depends, b. ii. ch. iv. § 6.
Apprehension (simple.)-The operation of
the mind by which we mentally per-
ceive or form a notion of some object,
b. ii. cho i. § 1.

Argument. An expression in which,
from something laid down as granted,
something else is deduced, b. ii. ch. iii.
§ 1.
Arbitrary-division, faulty, b. ii. ch. v.
§ 5; definition, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Assertion-an affirmation or denial, b. ii.
ch. ii. § 1.

Attributive term, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Bacon - erroneously supposed to have
designed his Organon as a rival system
to that here treated of, Introd. § 3,
and b. iv. ch. iii. § 3.
Categories, b. iv. ch. ii. § 1.
Categorematic.-A word is so called which
may by itself be employed as a Term,
b. ii. ch. i. § 3.

Categorical Proposition-is one which
affirms or denies a Predicate of a
Subject, absolutely, and without any
hypothesis, b. ii. ch. ii. § 4.
Circle-fallacy of, b. iii. § 13.
Class-strictly speaking, a Class consists
of several things coming under a
common description, b. i. § 3.
Contraposition, see Negation.
Common term-is one which is applicable
in the same sense to more than one
individual object, b. i. § 6; b. ii. ch. i.
§ 3, and b. ii. ch. iv. § 6.
Compatible terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Composition-Fallacy of, b. iii. § 11.
Conclusion.-That Proposition which is
inferred from the Premises of an
Argument, b. ii. § 2, and b. ii. ch. iiì.
§ 1.

Concrete term, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Conditional Proposition-is one which
asserts the dependence of one cate
gorical Proposition on another. A
conditional Syllogism is one in which
the reasoning depends on such a Pro-
position, b. ii. ch. iv. § 6.
Connotative term, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Consequent.-That part of a conditional
Proposition which depends on the
other. (Consequens,) b. ii. ch. iv.
§ 6, Note.

Consequence. The connexion between
the Antecedent and Consequent of a
conditional Proposition. (Consequen-
tia,) b. ii. ch. iv. § 6, Note.
Constructive-conditional syllogism, bii.
ch. iv. § 3.

Contingent.-The Matter of a Proposi-
tion is so called when the terms of it
in part agree, and in part disagree, b.
ii. ch. ii. § 2.
Contradictory Propositions-are those
which, having the same terms, differ
both in Quantity and Quality, b. ii.
ch. iii. § 5.

Contrary Propositions-are two univer-
sals, affirmative and negative, with the
same terms, b. ii. ch. ii. § 3.
Contrary terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Converse, b. ii. ch. ii. § 4.
Conversion of a Proposition-is the trans-
position of the terms, so that the
Subject is made the Predicate, and
vice versa, b. ii. ch. ii. § 4.
Copula. That part of a Proposition
which affirms or denies the Predicate
of the Subject: viz. is, or is not,
expressed or implied, b. ii. ch. i. § 2.
Cross-divisions, b. ii. ch. v. § 5 and 6.
Definite terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Definition.-An expression explanatory
of that which is defined, i.e. separated,
as by a boundary, from every thing
else, b. ii. ch. v. § 6; b. iii. § 10.
Description.-An accidental Definition,
b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Destructive-conditional Syllogism, b. ii.
ch. iv. § 3.

Deaf-mutes-incapable of a train of
reasoning, till they shall have learned
some kind of general signs. Introd. § 5.
Dictum" de omni et nullo;" Aristotle's:
an abstract statement of an Argument,
generally, b. 1, § 4. Applicable to a
Sorites, b. ii. ch. iv. § 7.
Difference (Differentia.)—The formal or
distinguishing part of the essence of a
Species, b. ii. ch. v. § 4.
Dilemma.-A complex kind of conditional
syllogism, having more than one
Antecedent in the Major Premiss, and
a disjunctive Minor, b. ii. ch. iv. § 5.
Discovery of Truth-two kinds of, b. iv.
ch. ii. § 1.

Discourse.-The third operation of the
mind, Reasoning, b. ii. ch. i. § 1.
Disjunctive Proposition-is one which
consists of two or more categoricals,
so stated as to imply that some one of
them must be true. A syllogism is
called disjunctive, the reasoning of
which turns on such a proposition,
b. ii. ch. iv. § 4.

Distributed-is applied to a Term that is
employed in its full extent, so as to

comprehend all its significates,-every
thing to which it is applicable, b. i. § 5,
and b. ii. ch. iii. § 2.

Division, logical-is the distinct enumer-
ation of several things signified by a
common name; and it is so called
metaphorically, from its being analo-
gous to the (real and properly-called)
division of a whole into its parts, b. ii.
ch. v. § 5.

Division.-Fallacy of, b. iii. § 11.
Drift of a proposition, b. ii. ch. iv. § I.
Elliptical expressions--apt to lead to
ambiguity, b. iii. § 10.

Enstatic-Figure, the third Figure, so
called, b. ii. ch. iii. § 4.
Enthymeme.-An argument having one
Premiss expressed, and the other
understood, b. ii. ch. iv. § 7.
Equivocal-A Term is defined to be
equivocal whose different significations
apply equally to several objects.
Strictly speaking, there is hardly a
word in any language which may not
be regarded, as in this sense, equivo-
cal; but the title is usually applied
only in any case where a word is
employed equivocally; e.g. where the
Middle-term is used in different senses
in the two Premises; or where a
Proposition is liable to be understood
in various senses, according to the
various meanings of one of its terms,
b. iii. § 10.

-

Essential Definition — is one which
assigns, not the Properties or Acci-
dents of the thing defined, but what are
regarded as its essential parts, whether
physical or logical, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Evidence of Christianity, App. No. III.
Example-use of, implies a universal

premiss, b. iv. ch. i. § 2, is not what,

strictly speaking, deters, b. iii. § 10.
Exception, proof of a rule, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Exclusive-Figure, the second Figure, so
called, b. ii. ch. iii. § 4.
Extreme-The Subject and Predicate of
a Proposition are called its Extremes
or Terms, being, as it were, the two
boundaries, having the copula (in
regular order) placed between them.
In speaking of a syllogism, the word
is often understood to imply the ex-
tremes of the Conclusion, b. ii. ch. i. § 2.
Fallacy.-Any argument, or apparent
argument, which professes to be deci-
sive of the matter at issue, while in
reality it is not, b. ii. ch. v. § 4.

Mood of a categorical Syllogism-is the
designation of its three propositions,
in the order in which they stand,
according to their quantity and quality,
b. ii. ch. iii. § 4.

Necessary matter of a proposition-is
the essential or invariable agreement
of its terms, b. ii. ch. ii. § 3.-Neces-
sary, ambiguity of, Appendix, No. I.
Negation-conversion by (otherwise call-
ed conversion by contraposition,) b. ii.
ch. ii. § 4.

Negative categorical proposition-is one
which asserts the disagreement of its
extremes, b. ii. ch. ii. § 1.
Negative terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.

New Truths-of two kinds, b. iv ch. ii.
§ 1.

Nominal Definition-is one which ex-
plains only the meaning of the term
defined, and nothing more of the
nature of the thing signified by that
Term than is implied by the Term
itself to every one who understands
the meaning of it, b. ii. ch. v. § 6, and
b. iv. ch. ii. § 3.

-

Nominalism.-b. iv. ch. v. Introd. § 5,
and b. ii. ch. v. § 4.
Objections--fallacy of, b. iii. § 17.
Operations of the mind-three laid down
by logical writers, b. ii. ch. 1. § 1.
Opposed. Two propositions are said to
be opposed to each other, when,
having the same Subject and Predicate,
they differ either in quantity or quality,
or both, b. ii. ch. ii. § 3.
Opposition of terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Ostensive reduction-of Syllogisms in the
last three figures, b. ii ch. iii. § 5.
Paronymous words, b. iii. § 8.
Part-logically, Species are called Parts
of the Genus they come under, and
individuals, parts of the Species;
really, the Genus is a Part of the
Species, and the Species, of the Indi-
vidual, b. ii. ch. v. § 5.
Particular Proposition-is one in which
the Predicate is affirmed or denied of
some part only of the subject, b. ii.
ch. ii. § 1.
Per Accidens.-Conversion of a proposi-
tion is so called when the Quantity is
changed, b. ii. ch. ii. § 4.

Physical definition-is that which as-
signs the parts into which the thing
defined can be actually divided, b. ii.
ch. v. § 6.

Positive terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.

Postulate-a form in which a Definition
may be stated, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Predicaments, b. iv. ch. ii. § 1.
Predicate of a Proposition-is that Term
which is affirmed or denied of the
other, b. ii. ch. i. § 2.
Predicable.-A Term which can be affir-
matively predicated of several others,
b. ii. ch. v. § 2.

Premiss.-A proposition employed to
establish a certain conclusion, b. ii.
ch. iii. § 1.

Privative terms, b. ii. ch. v. § 1.
Probable arguments, b. iii. §§ 11 and 14.
Proper-names-ambiguity of, b. iii. § 10.
Property.-A Predicable which denotes

something essentially conjoined to the
essence of the Species, b. ii. ch. v. § 3.
Proposition.-A sentence which asserts,
i.e. affirms or denies, b. ii. ch. ii. § 1.
Prove. To adduce Premises which
establish the truth of a certain conclu-
sion, b. iv. ch. iii. § 1.
Proximum Genus of any Species-is the
nearest [least remote] to which it
can be referred, b. ii. ch. v. § 4.
Pure categorical proposition-is ore
which asserts simply that the Predicate
is, or is not, contained in the Subject,
b. ii. ch. ii. § 1, and b. ii. ch. iv. § 1.
Quality of a Proposition-is its affirming
or denying. This is the Quality of
the expression, which is, in Logic, the
essential circumstance. The Quality
of the matter is, its being true or false;
which is, in Logic, accidental, being
essential only in respect of the subject-
matter treated of, b. ii. ch. ii. § 1.
Quantity of a Proposition-is the extent
in which its subject is taken; viz. to

stand for the whole, or for a part only
of its Significates, b. ii. ch. ii. § 1.
Question.-That which is to be established
as a Conclusion, stated in an interro-
gative form, b. ii. ch. ii. § 4.

Real definition-is one which explains
the nature of the thing defined beyond
what is necessarily understood by the
Term, b. ii. ch. v. § 6.
Realism.-Introd. § 3. b. iv. ch. v.
Reasoning-General Signs necessary for,
Introd. § 5.

Reduction-of syllogisms in the last three
Figures, to the first, so as to fall under
the Dictum, b. ii. ch. iii. §§ 5 and 6,
-of hypothetical syllogisms to cate-
gorical, b. ii. ch. iv. § 6.
References—fallacy of, b. iii. § 14.