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356. *Bell, Clark, Esq. Inaug. Address N. Y. Med.-Legal Soc. 8vo. pp. 11. N. Y., 1873.

357. Echeverria. Epilepsy in relation to Med. Jurisp. and Epileptic Insanity. Am. Journ. Insanity, Utica, April and July, 1873.

Principles and Practice of Med. Jurisp. (Reprint of 2d 8vo. 2 vols. Phila., 1873.

358. Taylor, A. S.
London ed.)
359. †Taylor, A. S.
360. Tuke, D. H.
361. †Wynter, A. Borderlands of Insanity.
1873.

Manual Med. Jurisp. (See 247.) 7th Am ed., 1873.
Influence of Mind on Body. 8vo. pp. 415. Phila., 1873.
Am. ed. 12mo. pp. 314. N. Y.,

362. Reese, Jno. J. Manual of Toxicology.

8vo. pp. 507. Phila., 1874. 363. N. Y. Med.-Legal Soc. "First Series of Papers." 8vo. pp. 552.

N. Y.,

1874. (By Judge Campbell, Wm. and Jacob Shrady, and Tillou, Esq'rs, Mr. I. L. Peet, and Drs. O'Dea, Rogers, Lee, Hammond, Burr, Clymer, De Marmon, Parsons, and Peters.)

364. *Bell, C., Esq. Inaug. Address N. Y. Med.-Legal Soc. 8vo. pp. 23. N. Y., 1874.

365. *Beard, G. M. 1874.

Legal Responsibility in Old Age. 8vo. pp. 42. N. Y.,

366. *Morse, D. A. General Paralysis and Blackburn Case. pp. 120. 1874. 367. *Morse, D. A. Monomania. pp. 46. This and 366 in Ohio State Med. Soc. Trans., 1874.

368. *Clymer, M. Influence of Epilepsy on Criminal Responsibility. 8vo. pp. 25. Phila., 1874.

369. *Howard, E. L. Legal Relations of Emotional Insanity. 8vo., and Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. Phila., 1874.

370. *Peugnet, E. Gunshot Wounds of Abdomen (Stokes-Fisk Murder). N. Y., 1874.

371. Maudsley. Responsibility in Mental Disease.

1874.

8vo. pp. 313. N. Y.,

372. †Bucknill and Tuke. Manual of Psycholog. Med. 8vo. Phila., 1874. 373. *Richardson, Jos. G. Value of High Powers in Blood-Stains. 8vo. pp. 12, and in Am. Journ. Med. Sci., July, 1874, and London Mic. Journ., Sept. 1874.

374. Richardson, J. G. Sci., April, 1875.

Diagnosis of Blood-Stains. pp. 5. Am. Journ. Med.

375. Richardson, J. G. Improved Method for Micro-Spectrosc. Test for BloodStains. Phila. Med. Times, Nov. 1875.

376. *Woodward, J. J. Blood-Stains in Criminal Cases. pp. 12, and in Am. Journ. Med. Sci., January, 1875.

377. Smith, J. E. Diagnosis of Blood Stains. Cinn. Med. Times, April, 1875. 378. *Ray, I. Duncan Will Case, 1875.

379. *Allen, N. State Med. in its relations to Insanity. Boston, 1875. 380. *Bell, C., Esq. Inaug. Ad. N. Y. Med.-Legal Soc. 8vo. pp. 16. N. Y., 1875. 381. †Taylor, A. S. Poisons. (See 252.) 3d ed., 1875.

382. †Sheppard. Madness-Med., Social, and Legal, from London ed. of 1873. 8vo. pp. 186. Phila., 1875.

383. †Poppesis, B. Hermaphrodism (Med.-legal), Translated from the French by Dr. E. W. Sawyer, Chicago, 1875.

384. Sieveking. Med. Adviser in Life Insurance, from London ed. of 1874. 12mo. Phila., 1875.

385. Cowperthwait, A. C. Insanity in its Med.-legal Relations. 8vo. pp. 80. Phila., 1876.

386. Hammond, W. A. Diseases of the Nervous System. (See 326.) 6th. ed., 1876.

387. *Bell, C., Esq. Valedict. Ad. N. Y. Med.-Legal Soc. 8vo. pp. 26. N. Y., 1876. 388. †Brown, J. H. B. Jurisp. of Insanity (from the 2d English ed.). 8vo. pp. 713. Phila., 1876.

389. Naquet. Legal Chemistry (English translation from French). [It has 16 pp. Bibliog. of Toxicology, etc.] 12mo. pp. 175. N. Y., 1876. 390. †Woodman and Tidy. Handy-book of For. Med. and Toxicol. Phila., 1876. (In press, August, 1876.)

INDEX TO SUBJECTS IN THE AMERICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY,
201 to 390.

General Subject.-Beck, T. R. 209. Beck, J. B. 227. Bell, C. 356, 364, 380, 387. Chitty, 231. Cooper, 207. Dean, 254. Dunglison, 214. †Forbes, etc., Cycl. Pract. Med. 245. Gilman, 271. †Guy, 246. Hall, 291. Hance, 219. N. Y. Med-Legal Society Papers, 363. Rush, 202. Ryan, 223. Stevens, 346. Storer, 258. †Taylor, 247, 358. Traill, 239. Webster, 210. Wharton and Stillé, 264. Williams, 228. Woodman and Tidy, 390. Abortion and Infanticide.-Beck, J. B. 205. Crothers, Prohon, 310. Nebinger, 325. N. Y. Med.-Legal Society, 342. and Heard, 314. Suffolk Dist. Med. Society, 279. Todd, 315. Alienation, Mental. (Intemperance; Deaf and Dumb.)—Allen, 379. Beard, 365. †Blandford, 334. †Brierre de Boismont, 270. †Brown, 388. †Buckmill and Tuke, 286. Clinton, 354. Clymer, 368. †Combe, 226. Conklin, 332. Coventry, 283. Cowperthwait, 385. Cox, 201. Davis, 285. Earle, 276. Echeverria, 321, 357. Esquirol, 243. Field, 353. Fisher, 338. Gilman, 271. Gray, 331. Hammond, 304, 326, 348. †Highmore.

343. Hodge, 236. Le Storer, 305, 309. Storer Van de Warker, 341.

208. Howard, 369. Jarvis, 275. Lee, 323. †Maudsley, 313, 335, 371. Morse, 366, 367. N. Y. Med.-Legal Society Papers, 363. Parigot, 302. Perkins, 284. †Prichard, 232. Ray, 234, 324, 347, 378. Reese, 280. Rush. 203. Seguin, 303. †Sheppard, 382. Simons, 216. Storer, 327. †Tuke, 360. Watson, Browne, etc. 277. Wetmore, 311. Wharton, 265,295. †Winslow, 240, 306. Wright, 296. †Wynter, 361. (Intemperance).--Calkins, 328. Day, 308, 339. Morse, 355. N. Y. Med.-Legal Society Papers, 363. Wright, 288. (Deaf and Dumb).-Peet, 340.

Asphyxia, etc.--Coley, 222. Gross, 225. †Taylor, 233.

Blood Stains.-Fleming, 287. Richardson, 320, 373, 374, 375. Smith, 377. Woodward, 376.

Coroner.--Binney, 259. Semmes, 274.

Hamilton, 266. Lobstein, 218. Warren, 213. Wey, 345.

Life Insurance.-N. Y. Med.-Legal Society Papers, 363. †Sieveking, 384.
Malpractice and Medical Evidence.-Elwell, 290.
McClelland, 352. Ordronaux, 317, 318. Stevens, 351.
Obstetric Medical Jurisprudence.-Dalton, 257. Montgomery, 238.
Purple, 249.

Pathological Anatomy.-Delafield, 337. Forbes, 312. †Morgagni, 211. Wetherill, 267.

Poppesio, 383.

Gross, 237.

Horner, 217.

Poisons, Toxicology, Legal Chemistry.-+Christison, 244: Coley, 222. Ducachet, 204. Ducatel, 224. Lee, 268. †Naquet, 389. †Orfila, 206, 212. Reese, 362. Swinburne, 300. †Taylor. 252. Wormley, 307.

Costill, 251. †Otto, 280.

Trials, Legal, Celebrated Cases.-Baker, Dr. Abner, Life and Trial of, 248. Blackburn Case (General Paralysis), 366. Budge, Rev. H. (Wife-murder), 299. Burleigh, Mrs. Dr. E. (Abortion), 343. Chapman, Lucretia, Trial of, for Poisoning. 221. Duncan Will Case, 378. Fisk, Jas., Stokes-Fisk Murder (Abdominal Wounds), 370. Freeman Trial (Murder), 250, 333. Gates, Carlton, Case of (Insanity), 323. Hendrickson, Jno., Wife-murder (Aconite), 268. Huntington, C. B., Case of (Insanity), 278. Ketchum-Wharton Trial (Antimony), 344. McFarland, Dan'l, Case of (Insanity), 322. Parish Will Case (Apoplexy and Paralysis), 276, 277. Parkman-Webster Murder, 255. Reynolds, Jno., Trial of, 324. Steinecke-Schoeppe Case (Poisoning), 363.

Wounds.-Peugnet, 370. Purple, 269.

GENERAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

N. B.-Under each letter, the authors are recorded in the following national order: Italy, Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States. Foreign authors, recorded among the American, are designated by a †.

ALBERTUS, 31. Ammann, 22.-Allen, 379.

BARZELOTTI, 5. Beccaria, 19.-Baumer, 45. Behrens, 23. Bene, 58. Bernhold, 40. Bergmann, 77. Bernt, 62. Böcker, 86. Boerner, 39. Bohn, 27. Braendel, 43. Brach,

78. Buchner, 93.-Bayard, 125. Belloc, 116. Bergeron, 128. Bertrand, 118. Biessy, 120. Blegni, 107. Briand, Briand and Bresson, Briand and Chaudé, 122. Brierre de Boismont, 133. Bruhier, 109.-Bartley, 151. Brady, 159. Burrows, 149.-Beard, 365. Beck, J. B. 205, 209, 227. Beck, T. R. 209. Bell, 356, 364, 380, 387. Bemis, 255. Binney, 259. †Blandford, 334. †Brierre de Boismont, 270. †Brown, 388. †Bucknill and Tuke, 286, 372.

CLÉDILLOT, 10.-Casper, 88. Condronchus, 20.-Capuron, 134. Chaussier, 113.-Chitty, 157. Collinson, 145. Conolly, 165. Crichton, 141.-Calkins, 328. Chitty, 231. +Christison, 244. Clinton, 354. Clymer, 368. Coley, 222. †Combe, 226. Conklin, 332. †Cooper, 207. Costill, 251. Coventry, 283. Cowperthwait, 385. Cox, 201. Crothers, 343. Crozier, 248.

DORN, 63.-Devaux, 108. Devergie, 124a. Day, 308, 339. Dean, 254. Delafield, 337. Ducatel, 224. Dunglison, 214.

Duval, 104.-Dalton, 257. Davis, 285. Dimon, 333. Dubois, 221. Ducachet, 204.

ESCHENBACH, 36. Erhard, 54.- Esquirol, 131.-Earle, 276. Echeverria, 321, 357. Elwell, 290. †Esquirol, 243.

FORTUNATUS FIDELIS. 1.-Fahner, 52. Faselius, 42. Fischer, 26. Freidreich, 73. Furstenau, 38.-Foderé, 114.-Farr, 150. Forsyth, 155.-Field, 353. Fisher, 338. Fleming, 287. Forbes, etc., Cycl. Pract. Med. 245. Forbes, 312. GANDOLFI, 17. Gianelli, 12. Grotanelli, 9.-Goelicke, 32. Georget, 130.-Gavin, 168. Goodwyn, 140. Guy, 161.-Gilman, 209, 271, 278. Gray, 331. Gross, 225, 237. †Guy, 246.

Güntner, 83.-Gendri, 106.

HALLER, 48. Hauska, 87. Hebenstreit, 37. Heinroth, 97. Henke, 60. Hoffbauer, 96. Hofman, 89.-Haslam, 142. Hunter, 139. Husband, 163. Hutchinson, 148.—Hall, A. G. 291. Hall, B. F. 250. Hamilton, 266. Hammond, 304, 322, 326, 348. Hance, 219. Highmore, 208. Hodge, 236. Horner, 215, 217. Howard, 369. JOHN, 51.-Johnson, 146. Johnstone, 143.-Jarvis, 275.

KANNEGIESSER, 44. Klose, 64.

Pichler, 94.

Kraft-Ebing, 99.

Krahmer, 84, 85. Kraus and

LAZZARETTI, 16.-Libavius, 21. Lion, 91. Loder, 49. Loew, 33. Ludwig. 41.Lecieux, 119. Legrand du Saulle, Ortolan, and Naquez, 126. Legrand du Saulle, 127. Louis, A. 112.-Lee, 246, 268, 316, 323. Le Prohon, 310. Lobstein, 218.

MARTINI, 6. Morgagni, 18.-Masius, 57. Meckel, 67, 80. Mende, 66. Metzger, 50. Mittermaier, 98. Müller, 53.-Mahon, 115. Marc, 132.-Male, 152.-†Maudsley, 313, 335, 352. McClelland, 352. Montgomery, 238. Morgagni, 211. Morse, 355, 366, 367. NEY, 76. Nicolai, 75. Niemann, 61, 69.—†Naquet, 389. Nebinger, 325. N. Y. Med.Legal Society, 342, 363.

ORFILA, 121.-Ordronaux, 317, 318. †Orfila, 206, 212. †Otto, 280.

PERRONE, 13. Presutti, 14.-Pichler, 90. Platner, 68. Plenck, 47.-Paré, 100. Pinel, 129. Pineau, 101. Poilroux, 136. Prévost, 111.-Pagan, 166. Paris and Fonblanque, 154. Percival, 138. Perfect, 144.-Parigot, 302. Peet, 340. Perkins, 284. Peugnet, 370. †Poppesio, 383. †Prichard, 232. Purple, 249, 269.

QUENTNER, 82.

RISCICA, 11.-Rolff, 74. Roose, 95.-Riolan, 100.-Ryan. 156.-Ray, 234, 324, 347, 378. Reese, D. M. 282. Reese, J. J. 362. Richardson, 320, 373-4-5. Rush, 202, 203. †Ryan, 223.

SIDOTI, 4. Speranza, 8.-Schauenstein, 92. Schlegel, 49. Schmidtmuller, 56. Schraud, 55. Schürmayer, 81. Siebenhaar, 72. Siebold, 79. Sikora, 46. Sporer, 71. Sprengel, 65. Storck, 34.-Sebitz, 105. Sédillot, 123.-Smith, J. G. 153.-Seguin, 303. Semmes, 274. Sheppard, 382. †Sieveking, 384. Simons, 216. Smith, 377. Stevens, 346, 351. Storer, D. H. 258. Storer, H. R. 305, 309, 327. Storer and Heard, 314. Suffolk Dist. Med. Society, 279. Swinburne, 299, 300.

TAURINI, 7. Tortosa. 3. Treschi, 15.-Teichmeyer, 30. Tropanneger, 35.-Tagereau, 103. Tardieu, 137. Trebuchet, 135. Trinquier, 124.--Taylor, 160, 162. Traill, 158.†Taylor, 233, 247, 252, 358. Todd, 315. †Traill, 239. Tuke, 360.

VALENTINI, 25, 29.-Verdier, 110. Vigné, 117.-Van de Warker, 341.

204 CHAILLÉ, ADDRESS ON MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.

WAGNER, 70. Wildberg, 59. Wolf, 24.-Watson, 167. Woodman and Tidy, 164.Warren, 213. Watson, Browne, etc. 277. Webster, 210. Wetherill, 267. Wetmore, 311. Wey, 345. Wharton, 265, 295. Wharton and Stillé, 264. Williams, P. C. 344. Williams, S. W. 228. †Winslow, 240, 297, 306. Woodman and Tidy, 390. Woodward, 376. Wormley, 307. Wright, M. D. 288. Wright, T. L. 296. †Wynter, 361. ZACCHIAS, 2.-Zittman, 28.

For bibliographical and other aid I owe hearty thanks to my colleagues, Professors S. M. Bemiss, M.D., T. G. Richardson, M.D., Frank Hawthorn, M.D. (deceased), and to Drs. W. H. Watkins, and E. Dreifus, of New Orleans; to Dr. John S. Billings, AssistantSurgeon, U. S. A. (Surgeon-General's Library); to Dr. Francis H. Brown, of Boston; to Professors S. D. Gross, and John J. Reese, and Dr. Joseph G. Richardson, of Philadelphia; to Mr. Clark Bell, ex-President of the N. Y. Medico-Legal Society, and Prof. W. A. Hammond, of New York City; to Prof. A. B. Palmer, M.D., of the Univ. of Michigan; to Prof. D. A. Morse, of Ohio; and to Prof. A. S. Taylor, of London, England. Obligations to others have been acknowledged in the notes to the Address.

ADDRESS ON MENTAL HYGIENE.

BY

JOHN P. GRAY, M.D., LL.D.,

MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE NEW YORK STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM, UTICA; PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE AND JURISPRUDENCE IN BELLEVUE HOSPITAL

MEDICAL COLLEGE, NEW YORK.

THE classical phrase," Mens Sana in Corpore Sano," is a general and true expression of the related condition of the mind and body for the best functions of human life. Health of body has, in all times, been regarded as essential to the best balance and culture of mind, and to the most effective application of its activities to the concerns of the world, whether educational or practical, whether in the realm of Philosophy or in the lower plane of Manual Labor. This is true notwithstanding that there are notable exceptions where great intellectual activity and application have been conjoined with feeble physical structure, and even disease.1

Indeed we must start with the proposition that what is now denominated Mental Hygiene, is practically inseparable from Physical Hygiene. It is comparatively a new application of the word hygiene. Dr. Maudsley, in his Gulstonian Lectures for 1870, says: "The time has come when the immediate business which lies before any one who would advance our knowledge of mind, unquestionably is a clear and searching scrutiny of the bodily conditions, of its manifestations in health and disease." Again, "as physicians, we cannot afford to lose sight of the physical aspects of mental states, if we would truly comprehend the nature of mental disease, and learn to treat it with success. The metaphysician may, for purposes of speculation, separate mind from body, and evoke the laws of its operation out of the depths of self-consciousness; but the physician, who has to deal practically with the thoughts, feelings, and conduct of men, who has to do with the mind, not as an abstract entity concerning which he may be content to speculate, but as a force in nature, the operations of which he must patiently observe and anxiously labor to influence, must recognize how entirely the integrity of the mental functions depends on the bodily organization, must acknowledge the essential unity of mind and body."

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And the great change which has taken place in the views regarding insanity, within the memory of men now living, transferring it from the domain of mere metaphysics, to the jurisdiction of medical science, as a recognized physical disease, witnesses to the same thing. But notwithstanding this intimate connection of physical with psychological conditions, in the study of mental hygiene, it will not be expected that I should go into the former, or into the field immediately related, of Pre

' Dr. Godman, Dr. Robert Hall, the historian Prescott, and numerous other instances might be cited.

Body and Mind, pp. 1, 108.

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