part thereof, except in the case of any cattle over-driven, which may have met with any accident, and which for the public safety or other reasonable cause ought to be killed on the spot :

Every person having the care of any waggon, cart, or carriage who rides on the shafts thereof or who without having reins, and holding the same, rides upon such waggon, cart, or carriage, or on any animal drawing the same, or who is at such a distance from such waggon, cart, or carriage, as not to have due control over every animal drawing the same, or who does not, in meeting any other carriage, keep his waggon, cart, or carriage to the left or near side, or who in passing any other carriage does not keep his waggon, cart, or carriage on the right or off side of the road (except in cases of actual necessity, or some sufficient reason for deviation), or who, by obstructing the street, wilfully prevents any person or carriage from passing him, or any waggon, cart, or carriage under his care:

Every person who at one time drives more than two carts or waggons, and every person driving two carts or waggons who has not the halter of the horse in the last cart or waggon securely fastened to the back of the first cart or waggon, or has such halter of a greater length from such fastening to the horse's head than four feet: Every person who rides or drives furiously any horse or carriage, or drives furiously any cattle:

Every person who causes any public carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, with or without horses, or any beast of burden, to stand longer than is necessary for loading or unloading goods, or for taking up or setting down passengers (except hackney carriages and horses and other beasts of draught or burden, standing for hire in any place appointed for that purpose by the commissioners or other lawful authority), and every person who, by means of any cart, carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, or any animal or other means, wilfully interrupts any public crossing, or wilfully causes any obstruction in any public footpath or other public thoroughfare:

Every person who causes any tree or timber or iron beam to be drawn in or upon any carriage without having sufficient means of safely guiding the same:

Every person who leads or rides any horse or other animal, or draws or drives any cart or carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, upon any footway of any street, or fastens any horse or other animal so that it stands across or upon any footway:

Every person who places or leaves any furniture, goods, wares, or merchandise, or any cask, tub, basket, pail, or bucket, or places or uses any standing-place, stool, bench, stall, or show-board on any footway, or who places any

blind, shade, covering, awning, or other projection over or along any such footway, unless such blind, shade, covering, awning, or other projection is eight feet in height at least in every part thereof from the ground: Every person who places, hangs up, or otherwise exposes to sale any goods, wares, merchandise, matter, or thing whatsoever, so that the same project into or over any footway, or beyond the line of any house, shop, or building, at which the same are so exposed, so as to obstruct or incommode the passage of any person over or along such footway:

Every person who rolls or carries any cask, tub, hoop, or wheel, or any ladder, plank, pole, timber, or log of wood, upon any footway, except for the purpose of loading or unloading any cart or carriage, or of crossing the footway: Every person who places any line, cord, or pole across any street, or hangs or places any clothes thereon:

Every common prostitute or nightwalker loitering and importuning passengers for the purpose of prostitution : Every person who wilfully and indecently exposes his

person:

Every person who publicly offers for sale or distribution, or exhibits to public view any profane, indecent, or obscene book, paper, print, drawing, painting, or representation; or sings any profane or obscene song or ballad, or uses any profane or obscene language: Every person who wantonly discharges any firearm, or throws or discharges any stone or other missile, or makes any bonfire, or throws or sets fire to any firework: Every person who wilfully and wantonly disturbs any inhabitant, by pulling or ringing any door-bell, or knocking at any door, and who wilfully or unlawfully extinguishes the light of any lamp:

Every person who flies any kite, or who makes or uses any slide upon ice or snow:

Every person who cleanses, hoops, fires, washes, or scalds any cask or tub, or hews, saws, bores, or cuts any timber or stone, or slacks, sifts, or screens any lime:

Every person who throws or lays down any stones, coals, slate, shells, lime, bricks, timber, iron, or other materials, (except building materials so enclosed as to prevent mischief to passengers):

Every person who beats or shakes any carpet, rug, or mat (except door-mats, beaten or shaken before the hour of eight in the morning):

Every person who fixes or places any flower-pot or box, or other heavy article, in any upper window, without sufficiently guarding the same against being blown down: Every person who throws from the roof or any part of any

Penalty on

drunken per

Sous, &c.,

or indecent

behaviour.

house or other building any slate, brick, wood, rubbish, or other thing, except snow thrown so as not to fall on any passenger:

Every occupier of any house or other building or other person who orders or permits any person in his service to stand on the sill of any window, in order to clean, paint, or perform any other operation upon the outside of such window, or upon any house or other building within the said limits, unless such window be in the sunk or basement story:

Every person who leaves open any vault or cellar, or the entrance from any street to any cellar or room underground, without a sufficient fence or handrail, or leaves defective the door, window, or other covering of any vault or cellar, or who does not sufficiently fence any area, pit, or sewer left open, or who leaves such open area, pit, or sewer without a sufficient light after sunset, to warn and prevent persons from falling thereinto: Every person who throws or lays any dirt, litter, or ashes, or nightsoil, or any carrion, fish, offal, or rubbish on any street, or causes any offensive matter to run from any manufactory, brewery, slaughterhouse, butcher's shop, or dunghill into any street:

Provided always that it shall not be deemed an offence to lay sand or other materials in any street in time of frost to prevent accidents, or litter or other suitable materials to prevent the freezing of water in pipes, or in case of sickness to prevent noise, if the party laying any such things causes them to be removed as soon as the occasion for them ceases:

Every person who keeps any pigsty to the front of any street, not being shut out from such street by a sufficient wall or fence, or who keeps any swine in or near any street, so as to be a common nuisance.

XXIX. Every person drunk in any street, and guilty of any riotous or indecent behaviour therein, and also every guilty of riotous person guilty of any violent or indecent behaviour in any police office or any police station-house within the limits of the special Act, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty shillings for every such offence, or, in the discretion of the justice before whom he is convicted, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding seven days.

Penalty for

Fires (1).

And with respect to fires, be it enacted as follows:XXX. Every person who wilfully sets or causes to be set setting chimneys on fire any chimney within the limits of the special Act shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds: Provided always that nothing herein contained shall

wilfully on fire.

(1) See s. 171, ante, p. 153.

exempt the person so setting or causing to be set on fire any chimney from liability to be indicted for felony.

allowing chim

XXXI. If any chimney accidentally catch or be on fire Penalty for within the said limits, the person occupying or using the an premises in which such chimney is situated shall be liable to neys to catch a penalty not exceeding ten shillings:

Provided always that such forfeiture shall not be incurred if such person prove to the satisfaction of the justice before whom the case is heard that such fire was in nowise owing to omission, neglect, or carelessness of himself or servant.

fire.

XXXII. The commissioners may purchase or provide such Fire-engines and engines for extinguishing fire, and such water-buckets, pipes, firemen may be and other appurtenances for such engines, and such fire- commissioners. escapes and other implements for safety or use in case of fire, and may purchase, keep, or hire such horses for drawing such engines as they think fit, and may build, provide, or hire places for keeping such engines with their appurtenances, and may employ a proper number of persons to act as firemen, and make such rules for their regulation as they think proper, and give such firemen and other persons such salaries and such rewards for their exertions in cases of fire as they think fit. XXXIII. The commissioners may send such engines, with Fire-police pertheir appurtenances, and the said firemen, beyond the limits of the special Act, for extinguishing fire in the neighbourhood of the said limits:

And the owner of the lands or buildings where such fire shall have happened shall in such case defray the actual expense which may be thereby incurred, and shall also pay to the commissioners a reasonable charge for the use of such engines with their appurtenances, and for the attendance of such firemen :

And in case of any difference between the commissioners and the owner of the said lands or buildings, the amount of the said expenses and charge, as well as the propriety of sending the said engines and firemen as aforesaid for extinguishing such fire (if the propriety thereof be disputed), shall be determined by two justices, whose decision shall be final; and the amount of the said expenses and charge shall be recovered by the commissioners as damages.

Places of Public Resort (1).

And with respect to places of public resort, be it enacted ast follows:

mitted to go limits of the Act

beyond the

in certain cases.

victuallers

XXXIV. Every victualler or keeper of any public-house, Penalty on or person licensed to sell wine, spirits, beer, cider, or other harbouring fermented or distilled liquors by retail, to be drunk or con- constables while sumed on the premises, within the limits of the special Act, who knowingly harbours or entertains or suffers to remain in his public-house or place wherein he carries on his business,

(1) See s. 171, ante, p. 153.

on duty.

Penalty on coffee-shop keepers harbouring dis

any constable during any part of the time appointed for his being on duty, unless for the purpose of quelling any disturbance or restoring order, shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty shillings.

XXXV. Every person keeping any house, shop, room, or other place of public resort within the limits of the special Act, for the sale or consumption of refreshments of any kind, orderly persons. who knowingly suffers common prostitutes or reputed thieves to assemble at and continue in his premises, shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. XXXVI. Every person who within the limits of the special persons keeping Act keeps or uses or acts in the management of any house, room, pit, or other place for the purpose of fighting, baiting, or worrying any animals, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five pounds, or, in the discretion of the justices before whom he is convicted, to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a time not exceeding one month :

Penalty on

places for bearbaiting, cockfighting, &c.

Hackney carriages to be licensed.

What to be hackney carriages.

And the commissioners may, by order in writing, authorize the superintendent constable, with such constables as he thinks necessary, to enter any premises kept or used for any of the purposes aforesaid, and take into custody all persons found therein without lawful excuse, and every person so found shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding five shillings.

And a conviction for this offence shall not exempt the owner, keeper, or manager of any such house, room, pit, or place from any penal consequence to which he is liable for the nuisance thereby occasioned.

Hackney Carriages (1).

And with respect to hackney carriages, be it enacted as follows:

XXXVII. The commissioners may from time to time license to ply for hire within the prescribed distance, or if no distance is prescribed, within five miles from the general post office of the city, town, or place to which the special Act refers (which in that case shall be deemed the prescribed distance), such number of hackney coaches or carriages of any kind or description adapted to the carriage of persons as they think fit.

XXXVIII. Every wheeled carriage, whatever may be its form or construction, used in standing or plying for hire in any street within the prescribed distance, and every carriage standing upon any street within the prescribed distance, having thereon any numbered plate required by this or the special Act to be fixed upon a hackney carriage, or having thereon any plate resembling or intending to resemble any such plate as aforesaid, shall be deemed to be a hackney carriage within the meaning of this Act:

And in all proceedings at law or otherwise the term "hackney carriage "shall be sufficient to describe any such carriage:

(1) See s. 171, ante, p. 153.