mand, on his way telegraphed to Thomas to "hold Chattanooga at all hazards." The prompt reply was: "We will hold the town till we starve." The arrival of troops TENN T ACCOON RACC Chick camauga NES SE SCHATTANOOGA under Generals E Hooker and Sherman put it into Grant's power to make an a attack. The Confederates occupied positions on Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, high hills behind the town. They also had a large force in the valley between these hills. Sherman began the attack in the valley, while Hooker and Thomas advanced up the hills. With Hooker on Lookout Mountain, "it was a battle above the clouds.” The Confederates were driven from every one of their positions and pursued several miles (November 23-26). Minor Events. 42. During the war there were many battles and other events, which the scope of this book will not permit us to notice. We may call them minor events, though some were by no means of small import 42. What took place at Knoxville? In the city of New York? In Missouri and Kansas? In Indiana and Ohio? How did the raid end? Ans. After burning saw-mills and factories, and killing, wounding, and capturing a great many men, Morgan and his force were captured. Give an account of the Red River expedition (note). Into what water does the Red River flow (map 5)? How is Knoxville situated (map 5) ? ance. Burnside repulsed an attack upon him at Knoxville; ESCAPE OF THE UNION FLEET.* irregular bands of Confederates caused much distress in Missouri and Kansas; a bold raid was made by General Morgan, a Confederate partisan, into Indiana and Ohio; and a riot, in opposition to a draft of men for the Union army, occurred in the city of New York. These took place in 1863. *Early in the following year a Federal expedition was planned to open the Red River region, Louisiana, for trade. To carry out the plan, General Banks commanded a large body of troops, and Admiral Porter sailed up the river with his fleet. Disaster and defeat attended the expedition, its one redeeming feature being a device conceived and carried out by Colonel Bailey, a Wisconsin lumberman. The vessels, in consequence of a fall in the river, were in danger of being captured. By means of a series of dams across the rocks in the river, the water was raised high enough to let the boats pass over the falls, and out of danger. "I do not believe there ever was a case where such difficulties were overcome in such a short space of time, and without any preparations."-Admiral David D. Porter. Grant in Command. Pres 43. General Grant had fought his way to the front. ident Lincoln, the Federal Congress, and the people of the North, becoming convinced of his eminent worth, the great leader was raised to the position next in military rank to that of the President (March 1864). His new title was Lieutenant-General. Now, his military authority extending over all the Federal armies, he controlled a greater number of men than had any other general since the invention of fire-arms. All the war movements on the part of the North were thenceforth so united as to be in harmony with his plans. His most able antagonist was General Lee. In a history of the war written by an officer high in rank in the army of the United States, the author says: "A dispassionate judgment places Robert E. Lee among the greatest generals of modern times." (N. 19, Ap., p. 48.) 66 44. At once Grant planned two campaigns, one against Atlanta, to be commanded by Sherman, the other against Richmond, to be conducted by himself, with Meade next in command (map 5). Atlanta, "the Gate City of the South, was a great railroad center. It was also a supply depot for the armies of the Confederacy. It had foundries and factories, from which were sent guns, shot, and shell. 45. Early in May the two armies were ready to move. "Sitting on a fallen tree, Grant telegraphed to Sherman to Sherman takes Atlanta. advance." Sherman's march was begun in Tennessee. It was disputed by General Joseph E. Johnston, but in vain. Sherman won battles, and drove his adversary from one position to another, till, in July, he was not far from Atlanta. The Confederate Govern 43. To what position was General Grant promoted? Why? Who had held that position before? Ans. No one but Washington. Scott held it by brevet only. Who is at the head of the army and navy (Appendix, p. 22)? What is said of General Lee? 44. What plan of action did Grant devise? What is said of Atlanta? How is Atlanta located (map 5) ? 45. Give an account of Sherman's battles and capture of Atlanta. What change of Confederate commanders took place? ment, disliking what was called "Johnston's retreating policy," gave his command to General Hood, who at once began a series of furious assaults. Again and again Hood was defeated, and finally compelled to abandon the city (September 2). "Atlanta is ours and fairly won," telegraphed Sherman; and Lincoln, in reply, sent a letter of thanks. "The cam paign against Atlanta," said Grant, "will rank among the most memorable in history." 46. When Sherman began his march against Atlanta, Grant began his against Richmond. The capture of Richmond was not the first aim of Grant. 66 "His ob Grant against ject was to hammer at the Confederate army until he broke it to pieces." This, he knew, was not an easy thing to do. His antagonist was General Lee. The Battle of the Wilderness (May 5, 6) began a series of terrible battles in which Grant lost about sixty thousand men. While these battles were in progress, Grant, not daunted by ill-success, wrote to Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War: "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." His troops often outnumbered his adversary's, but the latter "were on the defensive, and in a country in which every stream, every road, every obstacle to the movement of troops, and every natural defense were familiar to them." The end of June found Lee in strong positions before Petersburg and Richmond. There, till April of the following year, he was ever on the alert to anticipate every movement made by Grant. Sheridan in 47. During all this time, however, Lee was not unmindful of opportunities in other directions. The valley of the Shenandoah being open, he sent General Early to make a raid through it into Maryland and Pennsylvania. He hoped that the expedition would capture 46. Give an account of Grant's march, his battles, and famous message. Valley. 47. Give an account of Early's invasion and his success in Maryland. Of his encounters with Sheridan. How is Chambersburg located (map 7)? What took place there? Washington. In Maryland Early defeated a force sent against him from Baltimore; and a detachment of his army, invading Pennsylvania, set fire to Chambersburg, and most of the town was destroyed (July 30). Recrossing the Potomac, Early met his master. Grant had hurried off troops to the valley, placing General Sheridan over them. At Winchester, Sheridan routed the Confederates (September 19); and, three days later, routed them again, pursuing them several miles. About a month later Early turned about, and, while Sheridan was absent, drove the Union troops from their position. Sheridan, who had heard the firing, rode rapidly to the scene, rallied his men, charged the Confederates, and for the third time routed them (October 19). No Confederate force after that marched through the valley to invade the North. Naval Operations. 48. The Alabama steamship, the terror of Northern commerce, commanded by Captain Semmes (semz), had been cruising nearly two years (§ 23). She had captured about seventy vessels, and destroyed the most of them by fire. The steamship Kearsarge (keer'-sarj), Captain Winslow, went in pursuit of her. Off the northern coast of France the two ships met, and in less than two hours the Alabama was sunk (June 19). The Confederate captain and forty of his crew were taken out of the water by a British yacht. By the rules of war it was the duty of the yacht to deliver the rescued men to the Kearsarge; instead of doing so she steamed away as fast as possible, and landed them on the English coast (§64).* "This Sunday naval duel was fought in the presence of more than fifteen thousand spectators, who, upon the heights of Cherbourg (shair-boor), France, and places in the vicinity, witnessed the last of the Alabama. An excursion train from Paris arrived in the morning, bringing hundreds of pleasure-seekers, who were unexpectedly favored with the spectacle of a sea-fight."-John M. Browne. 48. Give an account of the sea-fight near the French coast. |