ing the capital of Virginia was in the hands of the rebels. It was resolved to burn it, that it might not afford shelter to the "rogues," as Berkeley and his adherents were called. Not a house was spared, not even the little church at whose font Pocahontas had received the name Rebecca (1676).* 83. Word came to Bacon that a force was on its way to attack him. Leaving the smoking ruins, he hastened to meet it. But there was no fighting. The loyalists deserted their commander and joined the rebels. In the midst of his success, Bacon was taken sick, and died. His followers lost "Gibbets rose heart, and many were captured and hanged. and made the wayfarer shudder." When the king heard of these vengeful doings of Berkeley, he exclaimed: "That old fool has taken away more lives in that naked country than I have for the murder of my father!" Hated in Virginia, Berkeley, by command of his royal master, returned to England. There, rebuked by people and king, he mourned, and died. Bacon's Rebellion, as history names it, had its beginning and end within about four months of 1676, just a hundred years before a greater rebellion was proclaimed in the city of Philadelphia (p. 161). Conquest of NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY (See § 41). 84. Another of the king's wrong-doings was his gift of New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York. The Dutch were in rightful possession of the country, and Holland was then at peace with England. These facts, however, had no weight with the king. New Netherland. "Nothing remains of this famous settlement but the ruins of the church tower covered with ivy, and some old tombstones. The tower is crumbling year by year, and the roots of trees have cracked the slabs, making great rifts across the names on them. The place is desolate, with its washing waves and flitting sea-foam. The river encroaches year by year, and the ground occupied by the original huts is already submerged."-Cooke's Hist. of the Virginia People. 83. How was the rebellion ended? What is said of Berkeley? He sent a fleet to take possession of the territory for his brother. The vessels arrived in the harbor of New Amsterdam; and Nicolls, the duke's agent, sent a letter to Governor Stuyvesant, demanding the surrender of all the country under his rule. (Read note 6, Appendix, p. 43.) 85. The brave old soldier, faithful to his trust, would not yield. He would stand a siege. The Dutch settlers, however, were not willing to have their houses destroyed by the ships' guns. The English residents, of whom there were many, forgetting past favors, said that they would help the invaders. The sturdy governor, in his anger, tore Nicolls's letter to pieces, and threw the fragments on the floor, but he was powerless. In spite of his protest, the surrender was made. With this change of masters, New Amsterdam, in compliment to the Duke of York, was called New York; and Fort Orange was called Albany, from one of the duke's titles (1664). New York had then a population of 85. State how the wrong was carried out. What changes of names were made? When was that? fifteen hundred persons, who spoke eighteen different languages. A few of the Dutch colonists returned to Holland. 86. In the part of the surrendered territory now New Jersey, there were few inhabitants. Less than a dozen Swedish farmers, and a small number of Dutch and Quaker families, were all. By permission of Nicolls, a body of Puritans, who had first made their home in Massachusetts and then on Long Island, began the settlement of Elizabethtown, now the city of Elizabeth (1664). New Jersey, in its colonial short clothes, often changed its guardians. A deed from New Jersey's from his throne. Next, Berkeley sold his interest to two Quakers (1673). Again, but only for a few months, while England and Holland were at war, the Dutch were in possession of New York and New Jersey (1673-4). 86. State how, when, and where New Jersey was settled. Give the history of the several New Jersey ownerships. Where is the city of Elizabeth (map 2)? 87. English proprietors divided the Jersey region into East Jersey and West Jersey. By purchase, in 1682, William Penn and eleven other Quakers became the owners of the two Jerseys. Experience proved that there were too many masters. Difficulties arose, twenty years passed, when, there being no prospect that the trouble would cease, the proprietors surrendered their rights to the crown (1702). During the next thirty-six years the province had the same governors as New York, though it had its own assemblies. Its last governor under kingly authority was William Franklin, son of the patriot and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin (§ 101).* NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. Grants to Clarendon and Others. 88. King Charles's grant of New York to his brother was not the last of his wrong acts. To eight men, dukes, earls, and lords, he gave a vast belt of territory five hundred miles wide, its eastern end being washed by the Atlantic, its western by the Pacific (1663-5). Within the belt was the land now belonging to North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Virginia complained that a large strip of her domain by this gift was taken from her. A greater wrong was done to Spain, inas *"In 1696, Captain Kidd, commanding an armed ship, sailed from New York in search of piratical vessels in the Indian seas. Not succeeding in taking pirate ships, he himself became a pirate, and his captures soon made his name a terror to honest merchantmen. A decoy letter induced him to visit Boston, where he was arrested."-Schuyler's Colonial New York. On the narrative of Kidd's exploits are founded Poe's ingenious story of the Gold Bug, and the once popular song, "My name was Captain Kidd, when I sailed, when I sailed." Kidd was taken to England, and illegally tried. He declared that his men forced him to commit piracy. The verdict was against him, and he, with nine of his crew, was hanged. The wonderful tales of his treasures, hidden on the American coast, have gone from lip to lip from that day to this. 87. What division was made of New Jersey? What did William Penn have to do with New Jersey? Give the further history of the province. 88. What grant was made to Clarendon and others? What territory was within the grant? What complaint was made? What wrong was done to Spain ? much as the grant covered half of Florida, including the town of St. Augustine. A crop of trouble with Spain was the consequence (§ 4, § 112; and note 4, App., p. 42). The Grand Model. 89. Great expectations were formed for the new province. Its proprietors, one of whom was the historian Clarendon, believed that they could avoid the rocks on which most of the governments of the past had been wrecked. To one of their number, Lord Ashley Cooper, afterward celebrated as Earl of Shaftesbury, the task of framing a plan of government was assigned. He called to his aid his friend, John Locke, then a young man unknown to the world, but who before long became the most eminent philosopher of his time. 90. The plan called the "Grand Model" was completed, and, though prepared by two wise men, it proved to be a 89. What did Ashley Cooper have to do with the early government for Carolina? Who was John Locke ? 90. Give the history of the Grand Model. Who went to Carolina ? |