The best marking tools adapted to the purpose must be provided for marking neatly and distinctly all the letters and figures required to be made at corners, arabic figures being used exclusively; and the deputy is always to have at hand the necessary implements for keeping his marking irons in order.

ESTABLISHING CORNERS.

To procure the faithful execution of this portion of a surveyor's duty is a matter of the utmost importance. After a true coursing and most exact measurements the establishment of corners is the consummation of the work. If, therefore, the corner be not perpetuated in a permanent and workmanlike manner the great aim of the surveying service will not have been attained.

The following are the different points for perpetuating corners, viz: 1. For township boundaries, at intervals of every 6 miles.

2. For section boundaries, at intervals of every mile, or 80 chains. 3. For quarter-section boundaries, at intervals of every half mile, or 40 chains. Exceptions, however, occur as fully set forth hereafter in that portion of the manual showing the manner of running township lines and method of subdividing.

4. Meander corners are established at all those points where the lines of the public surveys intersect the banks of such rivers, bayous, lakes, or islands as are by law directed to be meandered.

DESCRIPTION OF CORNERS.

The following is the form and language to be used by deputy surveyors in describing the establishment of corners in their field-notes, and their work in the field must strictly comply with the same.

Stone with Pits and Mound.

STANDARD TOWNSHIP CORNERS.

stone ----ins.

SEC. 1. Set a ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked S. C. with 6 notches on N., E. & W. edges, dug pits 24× 18 ×12 ins. crosswise on each line, N., E. & W. of stone 6 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth, 23 ft. high, 5 ft. base alongside.

Stone with Mound of Stone.

SEC. 2. Set a stone X ·X. ins. ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked S. C., with 6 notches on N., E. & W. edges, and raised a mound of stone alongside. Pits impracticable.

Stone with Bearing Trees.

ins. -X-X

SEC. 3. Set a stone ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked S. C., with 6 notches on N., E. & W. edges, from which A ins. diam. bears No E.-lks., dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2 W.

S. 31, B. T.
A-,-ins. diam., bears N.-W.-Iks., dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3
W. S. 36, B. T.

A—,

S. 1, B. T.

ins. diam., bears S - W.-lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W.

Post in Mound.

SEC. 4. Set a post, 44 ft. long, 4 ins. square, with marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal), 12 ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked S. C. T. 5 N. on N.

R. 2 W. S. 31, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 36 on W. faces, with 6 notches on N., E. & W. faces, dug pits, 24×18×12 ins. crosswise on each line, N., E. & W. of post, 6 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth 24 ft. high, 5 ft. base, around post. SEC. 5. Set a post, 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, 24 ins. in Post with Bearing the ground, for Standard Cor. tó (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 Trees.

& 3 W. marked

S. C. T. 5 N. on N.

R. 2 W. S. 31, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 36 on W. faces, with 6 notches on N., E. & W. faces; from which

A-, ins. diam., bears N-E.-lks., dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2 W. S. 31, B. T.

A—,

-ins., diam., bears No W.-lks., dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W. S. 36, B. T.

A—,—ins. diam., bears S- W.-lks., disą. maeked T. 4 N. R. 3 W. S.1, B. T.

Mound without Post or

SEC. 6. Deposited a marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground, for Standard Stone. Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W., dug pits. 24 × 18 × 12 ins. crosswise on each line, N., E. & W. of cor., 6 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth 2 feet high, 5 ft. base, over it. In E. pit drove a stake 2 ins. square, 2 ft. long, 12 ins. in the ground, marked

S. C. T. 5 N. on N.

R. 2 W. S. 31, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 36 on W. faces, with 6 notches on N., E. & W. faces.
SEC. 7. A-, -ins. diam., which I marked (e. g.)

S. C. T. 5 N. on N.

R. 2 W. S. 31, on E. and

Tree Corner without Bearing Trees.

R. 3 W. S. 36 on W. faces, with 6 notches on N., E. & W. faces, dug pits 24 × 18×12 ins. crosswise on each line, N., E. & W. of tree 6 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth around tree, for Standard Cor. to Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W.

SEC. 8. A—, —ins. diam., which I marked (e. g.)

T. 5 N. S. C. on N.

R. 2 W. S. 31, on E. and

Tree Corner with Bearng Trees.

R. 3 W. S. 36 on W. faces, with 6 notches on N., E. & W. faces, for Standard Cor. to Tps. 5 N., R's 2 & 3 W.; from which

A-, -ins. diam., bears N-E.-lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2 W. S. 31, B. T.

—ins.

A-,-ins. diam., bears No W.-lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W., S. 36, B. T.

A-, -ins. diam., bears S- W.-lks. dist., marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W. S. 1, B. T.

CLOSING TOWNSHIP CORNERS.

Mound.

SEC. 1. Set a- - stone X-X- ins. ins. in the Stone with Pits and ground for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked C. C. with 6 notches on S. E. & W. edges, dug pits, 24×18×12 ins., crosswise on each line, S., E. & W. of stone, 6 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth, 2 ft. high, 5 ft. base alongside. SEC. 2. Set a stone ground for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 N., R's 2 & 3 W.,

ins. X-X

ins. in the

Stone with Mound of Stone.

marked C. C. with 6 notches on S. E. and W. edges, and raised a mound of stone alongside. Pits impracticable.

X

X

- ins. ins. in the

Stone with Bearing Trees. ground for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 N., R's 2 & 3 W., marked C. C. with 6 notches on S., E., & W. edges; from which

A—,—ins. diam. bears S-E. -lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 2 W. S. 6, B. T.

A-,-ins. diam. bears S—W.—lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W. S. 1, B. T.

-ins. diam. bears N-°W.—lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2 W.

S. 31, B. T.

Post in Mound.

SEC. 4. Set a post, 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, with marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 Ñ., R's 2 & 3 W., marked C. C. T. 4 N. on S.

R. 2 W. S. 6, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 1 on W. faces, with 6 notches on S., E., & W. faces, dug pits 24 x 18 x 12 ins., crosswise on each line, S., E., & W. of post, 6 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth 2 ft. high, 5 ft. base, around post. SEC. 5. Set a post, 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, 24 ins. Post with Bearing Trees. in the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 Ñ., R's 2 & 3 W., marked

C. C. T. 4 N. on S.

R. 2 W. S. 6, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 1 on W. faces, with 6 notches on S., E. & W. faces; from

A
W. S. 1, B. T.
A

W. S. 31, B. T.

Mound without Pust or Stone.

lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2

SEC. 6. Deposited a marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Tps. 4 N., R's 2 & 3 W., dug pits 24 x 18 x 12 ins. crosswise on each line, S., E., & W. of corner, 6 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth 24 ft. high, 5 ft. base, over it. In E. pit drove a stake 2 ins. square, 2 ft. long, 12 ins. in the ground, marked

C. C. T. 4 N. on S.

R. 2 W. S. 6, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 1 on W. faces, with 6 notches on S., E. & W. faces.
SEC. 7. A-,-ins. diam., which I marked (e. g.)
C. C. T. 4 N. on S.

Tree Corner without Bearing Trees.

R. 2 W. S. 6, on E. and

R. 3 W. S. 1 on W. faces, with 6 notches on S., E. & W. faces, dug pits 24 × 18 x 12 ins. crosswise on each line S. E. & W. of tree, 6 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth around tree, for Closing Cor. to Tps. 4 N. R's. 2 & 3, W.

SEC. 8. A-,
C. C. T. 4 N. on S.

R. 2 W. S. 6, on E. and

ins. diam., which I marked (e. g.)

R. 3 W. S. 1 on W. faces, with 6 notches on S., E. & W. faces for Closing Cor. to Tps. 4 N., R's 2 & 3 W.; from which

A

ins. diam. bears N- W.- lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 2 W.

SEC. 9. All Closing Township Corners must be connected with the nearest corner on the Standard line.

STANDARD SECTION CORNERS.

x-x ins., in the ground, for

Stone with Pits and

SEC. 1. Set a- stone
Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 35 & 36, marked S. C., with Mound.

1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. edges, dug pits, 18×18×12 ins., N., E. & W. of stone, 5 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth, 2 ft. high, 4 ft. base alongside.

SEC. 2. Set a - stone X x-ins., ins. in the Stone with Mound of ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 33 & 34, marked Stone.

S. C., with 3 notches on E. & W. edges, and raised a mound of stone alongside. Pits impracticable.

Stone with Bearing Trees.

SEC. 3. Set a stone—-—-— ins.,—ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 35 & 36, marked S. C., with 1 notch on E and 5 notches on W. edges; from which A-,-ins. diam. bears N—° E.—lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W. S. 36, B. T.

A-,-ins. diam. bears NOW.―lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W. S. 35, B. T.

A

2, B. T.

-ins. diam. bears S- E.-lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W. S.

SEC. 4. Set a post, 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, with marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 35 & 36, marked S. C. T. 5 N. R. 3 W., on N.

S. 36, on E. and

Post in Mound.

S. 35 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces, dug pits, 18 x18x12 ins., N., E. and W. of post, 5 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth 2 ft. high, 4 ft. base round post.

SEC. 5. Set a post 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, 24 ins. in the ground, for Standard Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 35 & 36, marked

S. C. T. 5 N. R. 3 W., on N.

S. 36, on E. and

Post with Bearing Trees.

S. 35 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces; from which

A

ins. diam. bears N- E.-lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W. S. 36, B. T. A-,-ins. diam. bears N-OW.-lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W. S. 35, B. T.

A- ins. diam. bears S- E.-lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W. S. 2, B. T.

Mound without Post or

SEC. 6. Deposited a marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground, for Standard Stone. Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 33 & 34, dug pits, 18×18×12 ins., N., E. and W. of corner, 5 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth 2 ft. high, 44 ft. base over it. In E. pit drove a stake 2 ins. square, 2 ft. long, 12 ins. in the ground, marked

T. 5 N. R. 3 W., S. C. on N.

S. 34 on E. and

S. 33 on W. faces, with 3 notches on E. & W. faces.
SEC. 7. A-, ins, diam., which I marked (e. g.)

S. C. T. 5 N. R. 3 W., on N.

S. 36 on E. and

Tree Corner without Bearing Trees.

S. 35 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces,

dug pits, 18×18 × 12 ins. N., E. & W. of tree, 5 ft. dist. and raised a mound of earth around tree, for Standard Cor. to Secs. 35 & 36.

Tree Corner with Bearing Trees.

S. 36, on E. and

SEC. 8. A-, -ins. diam., which I marked (e. g.)
S. C. T. 5 N. R. 3 W., on N.

S. 35 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces, for Standard Cor. to Secs. 35 & 36; from which A-,-ins. diam. bears N

E.lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W.

Stone with Pits and Mound.

SECTION CLOSING CORNERS.

SEC. 1. Set a-stone-x-x-ins.,-ins. in the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 1 & 2, marked C. C., with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. edges, dug pits, 18 x18 × 12 ins. S., E. & W. of stone, 5 feet dist., and raised a mound of earth 2 ft. high, 41 ft. base alongside.

SEC. 2. Set

Stone Stone

a- stone-X-X

ins.,

ins. in the ground, for Closwith Mound of ing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 3 & 4, marked C. C., with 3 notches on E. and W. edges, & raised, a mound of stone alongside. Pits impracticable. SEC. 3. Set a - stone —-—-— ins.

Stone with Bearing Trees.

ins. in the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 1 & 2, marked C. C., with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. edges; from which

- ins. diam. bears S- E. - lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W.

S. 36, B. T.

ins. diam. bears S - W.-lks. dist. marked T. 4 N. R. 3 W.

SEC. 4. Set a post 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, with marked stone, (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 1 & 2, marked

Post in Mound.

C. C. T. 4 N. R. 3 W., on S.

S. 1, on E. and

S. 2 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces, dug pits, 18×18×12 ins., S., E. & W. of post 5 ft. dist., and raised a mound of earth 2 ft. high, 44 ft. base around post.

SEC. 5. Set a post 4 ft. long, 4 ins. square, 24 ins. in Post with Bearing Trees. the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 1 & 2, marked C. O. T. 4 N. R. 3 W., on S.

S. 1, on E. and

S. 2 on W. faces, with 1 notch on E. and 5 notches on W. faces; from which

ins. diam. bears NO E.- lks. dist. marked T. 5 N. R. 3 W.

Mound without Post or Stone.

SEC. 6. Deposited a marked stone (charred stake or quart of charcoal) 12 ins. in the ground, for Closing Cor. to (e. g.) Secs. 3 & 4, dug pits, 18×18×12 ins., S., E. & W. of Cor., 51⁄2