C. NATIONALITIES OF IMMIGRANTS BY DECADES, 1841 TO 1890.

Abolitionists, rise of, 299, 300; perse-
cution of, 300; opposition to peti-
tions, 300, 301.

Acadia, definition, 26; name first
given to country claimed by French,
29; English send colony to, 91; map,
94; some French Acadians hostile
to English, 94; all French families
removed from, 95; attendant suffer-
ing, 95.

Accused persons, rights of, 481.
Ackerman, Amos T., Attorney Gen-
eral, 428.

Adams, John, portrait, 145; nomi-
nates Washington commander-in-
chief of army, 146; sketch, 146;
signs treaty of peace, 181; minister
to England, 191; chosen first Více
President, 202, 255; administration,
226-228; died on Fourth of July, 285.
Adams, John Quincy, objects to Rus-
sia's claim, 266, 267; portrait, 284;
public services of, 285; administra-
tion, 285; sides with Georgia In-
dians, 287; tries to buy Texas, 298;
defends right of petition, 301; Secre-
tary of State, 319.

Adams, Samuel, sketch, 137; proposes
committees of correspondence, 138;
portrait, 138; prevents landing of
tea in Boston, 139.
Advocate General, 123.

Africa, Asia sought round coast of, 2;
discoveries along west coast, 442.
Agriculture, Department of, created,

410.

Alabama, added to Union, 276.
Alabama, Confederate vessel, built at
Liverpool, 362; sunk by Kearsarge,
380.

Alabama Claims, 395.

Alamo, storming of the, 307.
Alaska, 449; purchase of, 393.

Albany, once Fort Orange, 35, 36, 63;
early shops in, 115.
Albany Congress, 92.

Albany Plan of Union, mainly due to
Franklin, 124; rejected, 125.
Albemarle, Confederate ram, blown
up, 380.

Albemarle Colony, 83.
Aleutian Islands, 436.
Alexander VI., pope, decrees “Line of
Demarcation," 13.

Alger, Russell A., Secretary of War,
432.

Algiers, brought to terms by Decatur,

252.

Algonquin Indians, home of, 23; hos-
tile to Iroquois, 30.
Alien and Sedition Acts, 227.
Alleghanies, fixed as western bound-
ary, 177, 178.
Allen, Ethan, 149.
Allston, Washington, 327.
Amazon River, 451.
Amboy, N.J., Howe cooped up at, 169.
Amendment, powers of, 479.
Amendments to the Constitution, in-
frequent, 204; Thirteenth, 389;
Fourteenth, Fifteenth, 390.
America, named after Amerigo Ves-
pucci, 12; known not to be part of
Asia, 14; conquests of Spain in, 15;
Breton fishermen visit, 26, 27; Ver-
razano's voyage to, 27; English dis-
coveries in, 40; whole continent
protected by Monroe doctrine, 267.
See Central America, North America,
South America.

American army, foreign officers flock
to, 161; intrenched on Long Island,
166; discouraged by defeats, 167,
168; sufferings of, 168; into winter
quarters at Morristown, 169; de-
feated at Brandywine, 172; encour-
aged by Burgoyne's surrender, 173;
sufferings and heroism at Valley
Forge, 175, 176; disbanded, 184;
homeless condition of, 185.
American commissioners, arrange
treaty of peace, 184.

American navy, few ships in (1776),
165; effect of letters of marque on,
178; exploits in war with Tripoli,
237, 238; victories in War of 1812,
245; on Lake Erie, 246.

Americans, restricted meaning of,
133.

Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, takes Louisburg,
96.

Amsterdam, traders from, on Manhat-
tan Island, 35; Separatists go to, 48.
Anderson, Major Robert, occupies
Fort Sumter, 349; refuses to surren-
der, 353; evacuates fort, 354; raises
flag again over Fort Sumter, 383.
Andersonville Prison, 386.
André, Major John, captured and
hanged as spy, 180.

Andros, Sir Edmund, appointed gov-
ernor of Province of New England
and New York, 64; deposed, 65.
Annapolis, Md., first called Provi-
dence, 78.

Annapolis Basin, fur-trading post es-
tablished at, 29.

be-

Antarctic Continent, Wilkes's explora-
tion of, 326.
Anthracite coal, 275.
Anti-Federalists, opposed to Hamilton,
206; oppose United States Bank,
206. See also Democratic-Repub-
lican party; Republican party.
Anti-Nebraska men, 339, 341;
come Republican party, 342.
Antietam Creek, battle of, 372.
Antislavery men, growing in strength,
299, 300; desert Clay, 302. See also
Abolitionists; Slavery.
Appalachian range, 269, 449, 450; coal
and iron in, 274, 275; Union senti-
ment in, 354.
Appomattox Court House, Lee surren-
ders at, 383.
Arbitration, International, at Geneva,
395; regarding Venezuela, 414.
Arctic expedition, Kane's, 338.
Aristocracy, patroons constitute an,
116.

Arizona, penetrated by Coronado, 16;
cliff-dwellers in,.19; part of Mexi-
can cession, 306.

Arkansas, admitted to Union, 297;
pronunciation of word, 297.
Arkansas River, 31.

Armories, national, modeled after Eli
Whitney's buildings, 211.
Arms, right to bear, 480.

Armstrong, General, services of, 391.
Armstrong, John, Secretary of War,
257.

Army of Northern Virginia (Con-
federate), 360.

Army of the Cumberland, 377.
Army of the Potomac, 360; map of
operations, 369; Grant takes head-
quarters with, 378.

Arnold, Benedict, marches to Quebec,

149, 150; sent to relieve Fort Stan-
wix, 171; bravery at Saratoga, 173;
treachery, 180; General Hull com-
pared to, 243.
Aroostook War, 285.

Arthur, Chester Alan, administration,
404-406; sketch, 404; portrait, 405;
Vice President, 429.
Articles of Confederation, purport of,
159; first step to real union, 160.
Ashburton, Lord, English Commis-
sioner on northeastern boundary,
309.

Asia, Columbus hoped by sailing west
to reach, 1,3; commerce with Europe
cut off by Turks, 2; importance of
finding new route to eastern part of,
2, 441; Columbus carries letter to
Great Khan of, 6.

Astor, John Jacob, establishes Astoria,
310.

Astoria, 310.

Atlanta, taken by Sherman, 381.
Atlanta Exposition, 413.

Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Tablet com-
memorating teaparty on, 140.
Atlantic cable, 393.

Atlantic coast, 448, 449; English colo-
nies on, 109.

Atlantic Ocean, Toscanelli lays route
across, 3; called Sea of Darkness, 6.
Australian ballot law, 412.
Azores, 3.

Bacon's Rebellion, 81.

Badger, George E., Secretary of Navy,

322.

Bahama Islands, Columbus first landed
on one of, 11.

Bail, excessive, 481.

Bainbridge, Commodore, captures the
Java, 245.

Baker, Edward, Attorney General, 427.
Balboa, first European to see western
shore of Pacific, 14.

Baltimore, Lords. See Calvert.
Baltimore, 120; founded, 78; unsuc-

cessful attack on, 249; Garrison sent
to jail in, 299; Democratic national
convention of 1860 at, 344; first
blood of Civil War at, 357.
Bancroft, George, 331; Secretary of
Navy, 322.

Bank of the United States, see United
States Bank.
Banks, General, elected Speaker, 341;
repulsed by Stonewall Jackson, 370;
forced back at Cedar Mountain, 372.
Banks, only three in country, 206;
national, established, 375.
Bannocks, 112.

Barbadoes Islands, 82, 83.
Barbara Frietchie, 386.
Barbary pirates, 236.

Barbary states, sign treaties with
United States, 252.

Barbour, James, Secretary of War, 320.
Barry, William T., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 320, 321.

Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty, 408.
Bartram, John, botanist, 120.
Bastile, key of, sent to Washington,

222.

Bayard, Thomas F., Secretary of State,
430.

Bear Flag expedition, 307.
Beauregard, General, in charge at
Charleston harbor, 349; fires on
Fort Sumter, 353; commands Army
of Northern Virginia, 360.
Beecher, Henry Ward, 336.
Behaim, Martin, globe of, 7; cut of
globe, 8.

Belknap, William W., Secretary of
War, 428.

Bell, Alexander Graham, 400.
Bell, John, Secretary of War, 322;
nominated for President, 344.
Bennington, battle of, 171.
Berkeley, Sir William, vexes Puritans,
78; opposition to, as governor of
Virginia, 81.

Berlin Conference, 405.
Berlin Decree, 238.

Berrien, John McPherson, Attorney
General, 320.

Bibb, George M., Secretary of Treas-
ury, 322.

Bible, translated into Indian tongue,

59.

Biddeford, Maine, founded, 59.
Biglow Papers, satirizes Mexican War,
336.

Bill of Rights, added as amendment
to Constitution, 205.

Bissell, Wilson S., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 431.

Black, Jeremiah S., Attorney General,
Secretary of State, 426.

Black Hawk Campaign, Abraham Lin-
coln in, 352.

Black Hills Reservation, invaded by
settlers, 400.

Blaine, James Gillespie, Secretary of
State, 430, 431.

Blair, Montgomery, Postmaster Gen-
eral, 427.
Blennerhasset, 235.

Blessing of the Bay, Winthrop's ves-
sel, 55, 56.

Bliss, Cornelius N., Secretary of Inte-
rior, 432.

Blockade, ordered against Southern
ports, 358; difficult to maintain,
360; strengthened, 380.

Bon Homme Richard, fights with Sera-
pis, 179.

Bonaparte. See Napoleon I.
Book of Mormon, 313.

Boone, Daniel, settles in Kentucky,
215; portrait, 216.

Boonesborough, Kentucky, 215, 216.
Booth, John Wilkes, assassinates Lin-
coln, 383, 384.

Borie, Adolph E., Secretary of Navy,
428.

Boston, named, 53; settlement, 54, 55;
General Court formed at, 56; de-
poses Andros, 65; town meeting in,
113; birthplace of Franklin, 117;
Liberty Tree in, 132, 133; fortified
by Gage, 142; map, 143; British re-
treat towards, 141; surrounded by
patriots, 144; British army remains
in, 149; siege of, ended, 151; French
fleet put into, for repairs, 177; joy
at, over capture of the Guerrière,
245; Garrison mobbed in, 299.
Boston Massacre, 137; John Adams
defends soldiers engaged in, 146.
Boston News Letter, first newspaper
in colonies, 124.
Boston Port Bill, 140.
Boston Tea Party, 139.
Boundary, northeastern, disputes over,
308; northwestern, disputes over,
309-311; settled, 312; natural, of
the United States, 447, 448.
Bouquet, Colonel Henry, breaks Pon-
tiac's power, 100.

Boutwell, George S., Secretary of
Treasury, 428.
Boycott, 135.

Braddock's Defeat, 93.

Bradford, Governor William, his His-
tory of Plymouth Plantation, 67.
Bradford, William, Attorney General,

255.

Bragg, General, wins at Chickamauga,
377.

Branch, John, Secretary of Navy,
320.

Brandywine, battle of, 172.