Profpero, a duke of Milan, having been expelled his dominion, by the ufurpation of his brother. Anthonio, confederated with Alonzo, a king of Naples, is committed to the mercy of the winds and waves, in a rotten bark, accompanied only by his daughter, Miranda, a child of three years old; but has had the good fortune to efcape, and be landed on an uninhabited ifland; where the first scene is laid, and the intire action continued, during the whole reprefentation. About twelve years after this event, Anthonio, with Alonzo, Ferdinand his fon, and other attendants, being on a voyage together, are driven out of their courfe, by a ftorm, and wrecked upon this island, but escape alive on fhore; where the Prince, meeting with Miranda, falls in love with her, and a reciprocal paffion is conceived on her part, alfo. Profpero, having thus got his enemies within his power, on their repentance, generously forgives them their cruelty and injuftice, recovers his dukedom again, and the marriage of the lovers confirms an alliance on both fides. From this short story I think the following general Moral will naturally refult: That the ways, the juftice, and the goodness of Providence, are fo frequently manifefted towards mankind, even in this life, that it fhould ever encourage an honeft and a guiltlefs mind to form hopes, in the most forlorn fituations; and ought alfo to warn the wicked never to reft affured in the falfe confidence of wealth or power, against the natural abhorrence of vice, both in God and man. Many of the unforeseen events of life, which appear to us but accident or contingency, may poffibly be parts of the fecret workings of Providence, "All chance direction which we cannot fee;" and have oftener been remarked rather as chaftifements of vice, than as reliefs from mifery. We are fenfible B 2 we readily adopt them into the fcale of Nature, from a prefumption, that were they really to exift, they would probably refemble the characters which his wand has endowed them with. Thefe two plays are generally fupposed to have been the first and fecond of his writing; though I believe there are no dates remaining, to confirm this opinion; which can therefore be founded only on the idea, that his youthful imagination muft naturally be thought to have been more fportive and exuberant, than his riper judgment might have permitted the indulgence of. And here, indeed, "She wantons, as in her prime, "And plays at will her virgin fancies :" though, if I may be allowed the liberty of a criticifm about this matter, I fhould be rather inclined to fuppofe this Play to have been one of his latter performances, as all the unities are fo ftrictly pre ferved in it. But though both thefe pieces poffefs all the leffer merits of poety, they are not fo much fuited to the purpofe of my prefent undertaking, especially the second, as feveral others of the fame author; for the most material events, in both, being principally conducted by machinery, or fupernatural agency, produce rather aftonishment than reflection: fo that unless we adopt Dr. Johnson's remark, in the first scene of the Tempest, “ it may be observed of Gonzalo, that being the only good man that appears with the King, he is "the only one who preferves his chearfulneís in the "wreck, or his hope on the ifland," there is not fo much to be collected from them, as I could wish, to be placed to the fcore of Morality. However, all that can be extracted from either, referrible to this head, fhall be diligently pointed out to the reader. With this view I fhall lay the Fable of this Play before my reader, for the fake of the Moral, which may be fo fairly deduced from it. Profpero, Profpero, a duke of Milan, having been expelled his dominion, by the ufurpation of his brother. Anthonio, confederated with Alonzo, a king of Naples, is committed to the mercy of the winds and waves, in a rotten bark, accompanied only by his daughter, Miranda, a child of three years old; but has had the good fortune to efcape, and be landed on an uninhabited ifland; where the first scene is laid, and the intire action continued, during the whole representation. About twelve years after this event, Anthonio, with Alonzo, Ferdinand his fon, and other attendants, being on a voyage together, are driven out of their courfe, by a form, and wrecked upon this island, but escape alive on fhore; where the Prince, meeting with Miranda, falls in love with her, and a reciprocal paffion is conceived on her part, alfo. Profpero, having thus got his enemies within his power, on their repentance, generously forgives them their cruelty and injuftice, recovers his dukedom again, and the marriage of the lovers confirms an alliance on both fides. From this fhort story I think the following general Moral will naturally refult: That the ways, the juftice, and the goodness of Providence, are fo frequently manifefted towards mankind, even in this life, that it fhould ever encourage an honeft and a guiltless mind to form hopes, in the most forlorn fituations; and ought also to warn the wicked never to reft affured in the falfe confidence of wealth or power, against the natural abhorrence of vice, both in God and man. Many of the unforeseen events of life, which appear to us but accident or contingency, may poffibly be parts of the fecret workings of Providence, "All chance direction which we cannot fee;" and have oftener been remarked rather as chaftifements of vice, than as reliefs from mifery. B 2 We are fenfible fenfible in our own nature, of a ftronger impulfe to resent the first, than even to commiferate the latter. How much higher, then, muft this fentiment rife, in the Author of that very nature! In wretchedness there is no contagion; 'tis but particular and temporary: the effects of vice are general and eternal. Part of a fpeech in this play may be better quoted here, than elsewhere, as it refers fo immediately to this fubject. ARIEL, Speaking to the Confpirators. But remember, For that's my business to you, that you three You and your ways; whofe wrath to guard you from, Upon your heads) is nothing but heart's furrow, And a clear life enfuing *. Let us now proceed to the particular maxims and fentiments which occur from the feveral parts of the Dialogue. Miranda, fpeaking of the fhipwreck, thus expreffes her fympathetic feelings for the wretched. O! I have fuffered With thofe that I faw fuffer: A brave vessel, (Who had, no doubt, fome noble creatures in her) Dash'd all to pieces. O! the cry did knock Again my very heart. Poor fouls, they perifh'd! Had I been any God of power, I would It should the good ship fo have fwallowed, and * Aa III. Scene iv. There There is fomething in the fond expreffion of good fhip, in the laft line but one, which ftrikes me with an idea of a peculiar tenderness in her compaffion for the unhappy fufferers. Profpero, confeffing the mad folly of trufting his reins of administration into other hands, fays, The Government I calt upon my brother, And to my State grew franger. And again, fpeaking of the fame perfon, Being once perfected how to grant suits, How to deny them; whom to advance, and whom The creatures that were mine; I fay, or changed them, In continuation, And my trust, Like a good parent, did beget of him As my trust was; which had, indeed, no limit: A confidence fans bound. He being thus lorded, To credit his own lie, he did believe He was, indeed, the Duke; from fubftitution, And executing the outward face of Royalty, With all prerogative. Hence his ambition growing, Abfolute Milan. In this account of the Duke's weakness, with the natural confequences attending it, the Poet has afforded a proper leffon to princes, never to render themselves cyphers in their government, by too dangerous a confidence in their favourites; but ever to confider those perfons, to whom they depute the feveral offices of State, as ministers, in the literal sense of the word, only, not in the political one. B 3 When |