i. Treatises on the Art of Engraving.

ii. Collections of Engraved Prints.

§e. Architectural Design.

§ f. Landscape Gardening. Sg. Photography.

Div. 7. ART OF WRITING:

§ a. General Treatises.

§ b. Treatises on Palæography, and Collections of Examples.

§ c. Treatises on Short-Hand.

§ d. Treatises on Secret Writing.

Div. 8. MUSICAL and HISTRIONIC ARTS:

§ a. Treatises on Music and the Histrionic Arts, collectively.

§ b. General Treatises on Music.

§ c. Treatises on the Physico-Mathematical Theory of Music, and on Composition, Counterpoint, etc. § d. Practical Treatises on the Art of Músic, on particular Musical Instruments, and on Vocal Music.

§e. History of Music.

§ f. Treatises on the Histrionic Art; Histories of the Stage.

Div. 9. MEDICAL ARTS:

§ a. General and Systematic Treatises on Medicine
and the Sciences allied therewith.

§ b. Treatises on particular branches of Medicine.
§ c. Treatises on Surgery in particular, and on Sur-
gical Anatomy.

§ d. Treatises on the Materia Medica, and on Pharmacy.
§ e. Treatises on Dietetics.

Div. 10. DOMESTIC and RECREATIVE ARTS.

BOOK III.

Chapter II. Classificatory

Systems.

BOOK III.

Chapter II: Classificatory Systems.

CLASS VI. LITERATURE and POLYGRAPHY:

Div. 1. GENERAL TREATISES on LITERATURE and LI-
TERARY COMPOSITIONS-HISTORIES of LITERA-
TURE in GENERAL.

2. LINGUISTICS, or PHILOLOGY:

§ a. General Treatises on Grammar and Language. § b. Grammatical and Philological Treatises on particular Languages.

§ c. Dictionaries; Lexicons; Vocabularies, etc. Div. 3. POETRY and FICTION:

§ a. General collections of the Poetry and Fiction of various Countries, and Histories thereof.

§ b. Collections of National Poetry and Fiction, and Histories thereof.

§ c. Works of Classic Greek Poets.

§ d. Works of Classic Latin Poets.
e. Works of British Poets.

§ f. Works of Modern Foreign Poets.

g. Early Romantic Fiction (both Metrical and Prosaic).

§ h. Comic, Pastoral, and Heroic Romance.

§i. Dramatic Poetry:

:

i. Collections of Plays, by various authors.

ii. Collective works of individual authors.

iii. Separate Plays.

iv. History of Dramatic Poetry.

§ k. Modern Tales, Novels, and Romances.

Div. 4. ORATORY; or, COLLECTIONS of SPEECHES on

VARIOUS and MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS; and

TREATISES on ORATORY.

Div. 5. ESSAYS, PROVERBS, and LITERARY MISCELLA

NIES.

Div. 6. EPISTOLOGRAPHY; or, COLLECTIONS of LETTERS on VARIOUS and MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS; and

TREATISES on LETTER WRITING.

Div. 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY OF PAR-
TICULAR COUNTRIES.

Div. 8. POLYGRAPHY [i. e. Collections of works and
treatises on subjects extending over two or

more of the CLASSES comprised in this Scheme
of Classification].

§ a. Collective works of British Polygraphers.
§ b. Collective works of Foreign Polygraphers.
§ c. Encyclopædias.

§ d. Reviews, Magazines, and other Periodicals.

BOOK III.

Chapter II. Classificatory Systems.

CHAPTER III.

DIFFICULTIES, RULES, AND DETAILS.

There are two conditions in Work: Let me fix the
quality, and you shall fix the quantity. Any man may
get through Work rapidly who easily satisfies himself
about it. ......

But, indeed, in all things ... which a man engage
in, there is the indispensablest beauty in knowing how
to get done. A man frets himself to no purpose; he
has not the sleight of the trade; he is not a crafts-
man, but
an unfortunate borer and bungler, if he
know not when to have done. Perfection is unattain.
able: no carpenter ever made a mathematically accurate
right angle in the world. Yet all carpenters know
when it is right enough, and do not botch it, and lose
their wages, by making it too right. Too much pains-
taking speaks disease in one's mind, as well as too
little.

CARLYLE (Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, iv, 177).

Ist es auch rathsam, Schriftsteller, die unter
einem fremden Namen aufgetreten sind, genauer be-
kannt zu machen? und maaset sich nicht der Litera
tor eines ungebührlichen Geschäfts an, wenn er Schrift-
steller an das Licht ziehet, die sich mit Vorbedacht
in fremde Namen verhüllet haben?

LINDNER (Ueber die Sitte der Literarischen Ver-
kappung, iii).

BOOK III.

Chapter III.
Difficulties,
Rules, and

Details.

Whether the Catalogue to be undertaken be alphabetical or classed; whether it aim at the utmost fulness of information, or at the greatest possible brevity, the difficulties which are inseparable from the task will soon Preliminaries. become apparent. Even a mere sale-catalogue, if the vendors are to be honestly dealt with, must proceed

6

upon some sort of plan, framed with a view to meet these difficulties, or so many of them, at least, as obstruct a truthful description, how brief soever, of the books in hand. For the Catalogue of a Library, if intended in any degree to subserve study, there must also be a careful identification of Authorship. No such Catalogue deserves the name unless the reader of it be able to find, either in the body of the work, or in the Index, (1,) all that the Library possesses of the known books of a known author, at one view; as well as (2,) all that it possesses, by whomsoever written, on a known and definite subject.

BOOK 111.

Chapter III.
Difficulties,
Rules, and
Details.

Authorship.

The main difficulties that lie in the way of the iden- Identification of tification of Authorship are obviously referrible to three groups of causes:-(1) Variations, errors, and ambiguities in the naming or describing of an author, in books the authorship of which is not designedly concealed; (2) the intentional suppression of the author's name; (3) the assumption of feigned names, and the false ascription of books to persons who were not the writers of them, whether for purposes of deception, or merely from ignorance.

and ambiguities in names.

Thus, for example, we have on the titlepage of a (1) Variations book, by a well-known English Theologian, the name "Thomas White," and on the titlepage of another book, by the same author, "Thomas Albius;" so is it with "André Du Chesne" and "Andreas Quercetanus:" with "Joannes Victorius de Rubeis," Janus Nicius Erythræus," and "Giovanni Vittorio De' Rossi;" and with hundreds of others. Then come the religious names, 'Fra Paolo,' Fra Paolo da Venezia,' Paolino de Santo Bartolomeo,

Vol. II.

53