English Oats 1,633 qrs.; foreign 64,092 qrs. Exports 44. 7d. 1,098 qrs. There was only a moderate inquiry and dealers were enabled to supply their wants at 3d. to 6d, per qr. less money.

Leonora

A prire. Hereford Heifer the property of Mr. Parah. Edwards. Wizie art. Leominster.

London Published by Rogerson & Fuxord 265 Strand, 1878.

SEPTEMBER, 1878.

PLATE.

LEONORA.

A PRIZE HEREFORD HEIFER, THE PROPERTY OF MRS. SARAH EDWARDS, WINTERCOTT, LEOMINSTER

Leonora, by Winter de Cote (4253) her dam Lovely by Tomboy (3546) was bred by Mrs. Edwards, who is famous for her Herefords, is a heifer under three years old, and ail that an admirer of animated beef could desire with a rotundity in every "joint" from the cheek to her cut-and-come-again looking round, and with that mellowness of touch which communicates a pleasurable and delightful sensation to judicial fingers and valuable parings for the tallow tub, and which costs in getting up a sum annually that is likely to make the roast beef of Old England as rare a dish as the Porcus Trojanus of the Romans, a dish that was so costly and expensive that sumptuary regulations were passed respecting it. The Yorkshire Agricultural Society is trying to induce breeders to show their animals in a natural state, and not made up for exhibition;

but, while touch alias quality is a test, we fear it has very little chance of succeeding. Leonora, with Beatrice by Winter de Cote, her dam Brown. maid 2nd by Tomboy for her second-also bred by Mrs. Edwards-was first at the Royal meetings at Liverpool and Bristol, and at the Bath and West of England meeting at Oxford, where she was elected the best female of any breed of cattle exhibited. She takes somewhat after Winter de Cote in her markings-which was also bred by Mrs. Edwards-having

"That beauty truly blent, whose red and white

Nature's own sweet and cunning hand has laid on." but with horns not laid back like her sire, which, with a knowing eye, gives him a very leery and wicked look.

THE

CATTLE

DISEASES

ORDERS,

1878.

We have now before us "The Animals Order | there is little reasonable prospect of success; and of 1878," of which we give a re-print herewith. To the Act itself we need not now allude, as an opportunity of commenting on it will be taken as soon as it is printed. We have now to do simply with the Orders which have been made and issued under its provisions. They are to take effect "from and immediately after the 30th day of September 1868," and are to apply to Great Britain only. Here, then, to begin with, is a direct violation of one of the vital principles of the Bill as originally drawn-everyone of which has been destroyed-namely, that there should be uniformity in the restrictions, rules, and regulations throughout the United Kingdom. Without uniformity

OLD SERIES.

with uniformity of home restrictions, whilst the country is exposed to infection from foreign cattle diseases, the game would not be worth the candle. The position we take in respect to these Orders, as a whole, is one of indifference so long as they do not cause inconvenience to farmers and others engaged in the stock-producing industry and inland cattle traffic of the country; and one of opposition whenever such shall prove to be the case. We think the country cannot be expected to incur losses and inconvenience under a code of restrictions which are based on a half-measure like the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act of 1878. We shall not be surprised, nor sorry, if the machine breaks down ; with

country. As we have so frequently reminded our readers, the interests of producers and those of consumers are identical, and here is a case in point. With regard to animals in transit, the sum of the

a policeman for a driving-wheel, and local authorities for cylinders, there yet remains the motive power, the steam, without which our figurative engine cannot be made to travel. And this motive power must be nothing less than the hearty good-regulations amounts to this, that the affected will and co-operation of the entire agricultural interest and all parties connected with cattle transits; this the Act does not deserve, and will not secure. We are entering on a phase of local government, police espionage, and veterinary inspection which may prove intolerable when it is remembered that the conditions under which farmers consented to endure it have been changed; the contract has been broken, and we are charged with an obligation to pay a heavy premium on a bogus insurance. All security from foreign infection is gone, and therefore we think farmers will very reasonably be unwilling to submit to any restrictions beyond those which common sense may approve under any circumstances—those by which they will unmistakably be gainers. The Government may pass a half measure to quiet Mr. Forster and his party; but whether the farmers will submit to it remains to be proved.

The details of the Order, or rather of the several Orders, will not require much comment. Those relating to Cattle Plague need not be discussed. We are glad to see that a more adequate provision has been made for dealing with that terribly dangerous disease, Glanders, amongst horses, and that it will be incumbent on the owners or others in charge of horses, asses, or mules, diseased with Glanders or Farcy, to give notice of the fact to a constable, and that it will be unlawful to expose such animals for sale or otherwise. Power is given to deal with carcases of diseased animals according to the local circumstances of the cases, which in itself is an excellent arrangement. With the original scheme of isolating diseases by declaring the immediate locality to be infected-in other words, by drawing a cordon round it-we entirely concur ; and the Order provides that in respect of both Pleuro-pneumonia and Foot-and-Mouth Disease there shall be an infected "place "in an infected "area," a circle within a circle, and that unaffected animals may be moved for all necessary and convenient purposes, under supervision, within the outer zone. This, as we understand it, is a most practical and useful basis on which to deal with home diseases; it is isolating disease in a reasonable and effective way. To this we think the farmers will submit cheerfully and heartily; for, under any circumstances-whether we import foreign diseases or whether we do not-this will be clearly to their interest, and to the interest of the

animals may be seized and dealt with by slaughter or otherwise as circumstances may require, whilst the infected animals, or in other words those which have been directly or indirectly in contact with such affected animals, may pass on. Now, this is the foundation-stone of the Animals Order of 1868. To the uninitiated it may appear contrary to the principle on which foreign animals are dealt with; but even a superficial knowledge of the subject will show, on reflection, that if only one affected foreign animal be found in a cargo of 500—we repeat an old argument, not unknown to the Duke of Richmond-the remaining 499 must be considered infected, and not allowed inland. They are, therefore, slaughtered at the port of debarkation. But, with respect to the home traffic, the same superficial knowledge will suffice to show that if animals which have been in contact with disease, directly or indirectly-say the 499 out of the 500, as in the previously quoted hypothetical case-are to be detained or interfered with in any way, whether they be fat cattle or stores, then the wheels of our inland traffic are stopped directly, and the whole system of our cattle industry, from the breeder to the butcher, comes to a dead lock. The Veterinary Department of the Privy Council knows this; it knows, too, that port inspection is powerless to deal with infection, or, in other words, with any incubatory stage of disease; and the result is that in this attempt to deal with what is called the Cattle Disease question it is obviously unable to detect or control infected animals on the one hand unless they are accompanied by actual and apparent disease, or to detect or control them on the other hand when they are accompanied by actual and apparent disease. Here, then, the whole thing breaks down. When foreign diseases are shut out and kept out, then, and not until then, can we afford to allow the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council to set our house in perfect order for us. Under present circumstances we hold that for farmers to submit to anything beyond that which is clearly and obviously to their own interests would be simply ridiculous. We wish the Department every success in cleansing trucks and ships, in improving lairage and markets, and in everything which tends to the comfort, health, and safety of the animals, and consequently to the benefit of their owners and all parties concerned, down to the consumer; but directly the inland movement