CONCURRENCE OF THE RULERS IN THE MEMORIAL. 495

possessors of property of their own earning, besides paying their own annual taxes to the government.

"Should the agriculturists have the control and profits of land, they would pay a rent to the government which would be better than is now received, as they would probably occupy chiefly ground that is not now tilled at all. Thus the government would be an immediate gainer, besides the ultimate and immediate advantage to the people. A school, either under the direction of the mission or of the company, should be maintained in connexion with every establishment.

The Society, or company, on entering on this plan, would need a ship freighted with materials, implements of husbandry, and other articles, and be always at their service. A considerable amount of funds would be requisite to get under weigh; but it is believed the enterprise would pay for itself, in a pecuniary point of view, in a few years, and the persons engaged in it obtain an economical support for themselves and families.

"The profits of the whole establishment at these islands, above the original and current cost, must be devoted to the support of schools, or churches, charitable institutions, or internal improvements in the nation, according to the judgment of the company, for the benefit and elevation of the people, conformably with regulations to be approved by the A. B. C. F. M., or the S. I. Mission.

"The warmest and most invariable friendship should be cherished between the mission and the company, and they should invariably cooperate, though in reality they be distinct.

"Such is the outline of a plan to hasten the elevation of this people, and to secure permanently the blessings of civilization and Christianity-a plan which we propose to our patrons and the friends of the nation, with the earnest desire that the experiment may be tried.

"Could this, or something like it, be carried into immediate operation, we should hope that it would greatly facilitate the Christianizing of the present generation, and help to lay the foundation for the morality, intelligence, and piety of the next.

"Should such a class of men come upon the ground, and there should be any hesitation on the part of the government as to granting the use of land, and such facilities as might be desired at first, all the artisans could doubtless find employment in a more individual capacity, and support themselves at wages; the merchant, the civilian, and the agriculturists, could act as teachers, undoubtedly, to good advantage to the people.

"There is room for benevolent exertion, and much benevolent effort must be made from some quarter, more than the present class of missionaries ever expect to perform, or the islands will not be filled with schools and churches, and fruitful fields and pleasant dwellings, and the full blessings of Christianity ultimately secured to the Hawaiian race.

This memorial was drawn up in July, 1836, and its purport and design made known to the government. In August, of the same year, the king and chiefs of the nation united in a brief memorial, to their American friends, not only concurring in the general application, but specifying the kind of teachers whom they needed, and offering their patronage.

The document is singular in the history of nations, and

496

PROGRESS AND MEMORIAL OF THE CHIEFS.

shows an acquaintance with the wants of a young people, and their gratitude and confidence towards the good people of the United States, and a degree of readiness to co-operate in measures for the good of all classes. It is addressed to those who had already sent them teachers of learning and religion.

"LAHAINA, Aug. 23, 1836. "Love to you, our obliging friends in America. This is our sentiment as to promoting the order and prosperity of these Hawaiian Islands. Do give us additional teachers, like the teachers who dwell in your own country. These are the teachers whom we would specify, a carpenter, tailor, mason, shoemaker, wheelwright, paper maker, type founder, agriculturists skilled in raising sugar-cane, cotton, and silk, and in making sugar, cloth manufacturers, and makers of machinery to work on a large scale, and a teacher of the chiefs in what pertains to the land, acording to the practice of enlightened countries; and if there be any other teacher that could be serviceable in these matters, such

teachers also.

"Should you assent to our request, and send hither these specified teachers, then will we protect them, and grant facilities for their occupations, and we will back up these works, that they may succeed well.

(Signed) KAUIKEAOULI,

LELEIOHOKU,

KAAHUMANU 2D,

NAHIENAENA,

HOAPILI KANE,

MARIA HOAPILI, LILIHA,

ADAMS KUAKINI, AIKANAKA,

KEALIIAHONUI.

This appeal, sixteen years and four months after the settlement of our mission among them, shows not only a becoming readiness in the rulers to receive instruction in what pertains to the affairs of this life, as well as in what refers to the life to come, but as in all that our mission proffered, a willingness to consult the good of their subjects generally, by encouraging general instruction in whatever branches of knowledge, industry, or improvement, the mission and its friends were able or willing to give it. Kaikioewa, Keaweamahi, Konia, and Kapiolani, had they been present, would have concurred.

From the first efforts of Kaahumanu to procure for herself a well finished dwelling-house, one and another from among them erected for themselves permanent and pleasant habitations, furnished them as they were able, and by degrees, accommodated themselves to a residence in them, and occasionally invited their missionary and other friends to join them in a social evening party, of which, as proof of their readiness to imitate the example set them, and their success in it, one or two instances may be noticed. At the time of the convention of our mission, in 1834, Miriam Kekauluohi having, with her husband, Kanaina, built an elegant two story house of rock coral, near the mission houses, at Honolulu, received and entertained, one evening, at a well furnished table, thirty-three missionaries, including men and women, presiding

DEPARTURE OF MESSRS. RICHARDS AND SPAULDING.

497

herself with the dignity of a Christian matron. The year following, Kinau and her gentlemanly husband, on entering a house newly built, partly in Hawaiian and partly in foreign style, finished and furnished with considerable elegance, gave to numerous invited guests, a gratifying proof of their advancement in civilized life. Kekauluohi, having tried the routine of civilized domestic life, about two years, in her well finished and furnished habitation, received, at a Christian tea-party, the king, and some twelve or fourteen chiefs-all who were then at Honolulu, except the feeble and unhappy princess-and several missionaries and well-informed natives. The table furniture was respectable-the lamps, candles, and glass-shades were elegant-their bread, biscuit, cake, and tea, chiefly of their own preparing, all good; and the order of the table was managed with kindness and regularity. Two or three tunes were played on a barrel organ, which had been recently and obligingly presented to Kinau, by Capt. Valiant, of the French Corvette, Bonite. After tea, the company being conducted to the large upper drawing-room, united, as was customary, in a hymn and prayer.

To the missionaries, who were deeply solicitous to devise and put in operation the means of similar advancement among the common people, it did not seem too much to hope, when these memorials were prepared, that enterprising men of skill, and virtue, and force of character, might be found, who, under such a pledge from the authorities of the country, and with such a soil and climate as the Sandwich Islands possess, would enter on these employments. It was clearly obvious that the chiefs, in this state of their progress, eminently needed a teacher, well versed in the principles of political economy, of law and government, and thoroughly acquainted with the language, habits, dispositions, and wants of the people, and the capabilities of their soil.

a teacher it was difficult for the world then to furnish.

The memorial of the chiefs, and the memorial of the mission on, the cultivation of the useful arts, and a printed circular of the mission, expressive of their views of the duty of the friends of Christ to engage in greatly increased numbers in spreading the Gospel speedily through the world, were conveyed to the United States by the Rev. William Richards, on his visit with his family, to his native shores. Mr. Spaulding, with constitution greatly impaired, retired, with his family, from the field the same month. Leaving the Lahaina station in charge of Mr. Baldwin, who became established there, and whose constitution did not find Waimea congenial, Messrs. R. and S. embarked in December, and reached the United States in about five months. Mr. S., with feeble voice and the use of one lobe of his lungs, for a time pleaded the cause of the mission not in vain, and soon faded away. Mr. R. remained about six months, attending to the objects of his visit, and having disposed of six children, returned with Mrs. R., a lonely mother, to the islands and to their two youngest in 1838.

W

CHAPTER

XXII.

EIGHTEENTH YEAR OF THE MISSION AND FIFTH OF KAMEHAMEHA III.-1837.

Death of the Princess--Marriage of the king-Protracted meetings on Oahu-Second congregation at Honolulu-Large and timely Reinforcement-Death of Mrs. Dibble and Mrs. Lyons-Domestic efforts to support the Gospel-Renewed efforts of the Papists-Arrival of Messrs. Walsh and Murphy-Re-entrance of Messrs. Bachelot and Short-Government orders for their departure-Visit of the Sulphur and La Venus-Proceedings of Captains Belcher and Thours-Arrival of Messrs. Maigret and Murphy-Progress of the great Revival on Hawaii-Singular physical phenomenon in the ocean.

THE close of 1836 was marked by the last illness and afflictive death, at Honolulu, of the young princess, Nahienaena. This beautiful flower, once the pride of the nation, and once the joy of the infant church at Lahaina, having been blighted, through the power of the great enemy, was now cut down, and passed away. During the days of her wasting sickness (as for weeks before) efforts were made to lead her to repentance; but with what success is not yet fully known. She was induced to confess her sin and folly, and once more, in her distress, to call on the name of the Lord. She left a faint hope that she may be found to have been heard in an accepted time. Many tears and loud lamentations, among her friends, testified to the interest they felt in her case. Her remains were enclosed in an elegant coffin (having one of lead closely sealed within), and kept some weeks, in the house of her brother. The lofty kahilis of state there stood motionless over her. Her superb, princely robe of feathers, was displayed, and other tokens of respect, intended to correspond with her rank, were exhibited. The gay and bustling little world of Honolulu was partially hushed by this event, and by the influence of the Spirit of God on the people, while the body of the princess reposed in silence. A series of protracted meetings having been arranged, for the different stations, on Oahu, were anticipated with interest. The marriage of his majesty with his favorite Kalama, was solemnized on the 4th of Feb., 1837. Soon after this the remains of his sister, with considerable pomp and display, a large military guard being called out to attend, were borne, in procession, to the church, where a concourse assembled. A sermon was delivered on the occasion, and a great degree of order and solemnity prevailed. A ship was purchased and fitted up, on board

PROTRACTED MEETINGS ON OAHU.

499

which, the king removed the remains of his sister, to Lahaina, where they were deposited beside her mother.

On Oahu, protracted meetings, of six days each, were successively held at Honolulu, Ewa, Waialua, and Kaneohe, and attended with interest, by great numbers. The preaching, exhortations, prayer and inquiry meetings were accompanied with the blessing of God. The missionaries passed from station to station, with some of their people, and felt themselves refreshed. The presence of the Spirit of God was manifest, at all these meetings. "The Holy Spirit," says Mr. Parker, of Kaneohe, "was evidently with us. · The church was awake to pray. Those who had hardened themselves in sin, trembled under the exhibition of divine truth."

That the Gospel should strip away the pride of self-righteousness among the degraded heathen, as it does in thousands of instances, is one of the wonderful phenomena which the missionary is allowed to witness. Self-justification, before the Spirit sets home the Gospel, and self-condemnation after, for the violation of God's law, and for the death of Christ, are illustrated in the experience of many a Hawaiian. The following is a specimen. A hopeful convert at Wailua, attempting to persuade his fellow sinners to come to Christ, said, in an address to the children, "You have heard of the wickenness of the Jews who crucified Christ. It was I who drove the nails into his hands and feet. It was I who pierced his side with a spear. By my sins, I have consented to all that the Jews did to the Messiah. Formerly I thought that I was as good as others: but now I see that I am guilty of violating every command of the decalogue. I am ruined by my sins. I hope for mercy only in Christ."

Difficult as it is, in a Christian country, to convince the sinner that he is responsible for the sufferings of Christ, it may be supposed to be far more difficult to do it in the Sandwich Islands, or any heathen country. Enlarged views of the need of an atonement, and a clear conviction that Christ's sufferings were for us, that he bore our sins in his body, on the tree, and that sin in' us, as really as the wrong-doing of the Jews of his time, caused his unparalleled sufferings and death, are necessary to the feeling of high personal responsibility for the indignity and wrong inflicted on our Substitute, the agony he freely bore, and the blood he freely poured out for our salvation.

The aborigines of the Oregon, when they were told that their sins were the occasion of the sufferings and death of Christ, rejected the doctrine, not only as incompatible with their honor, but as impossible, from the distance of time and place. Another Indian of North America, whose tribes have not been remarkable for integrity, a sense of justice, or a regard to character, age, or sex, but who, like all the race, are given to self-justification, when he was told by a missionary, that the Messiah, Jesus of Nazareth, who had done no wrong, was put to death by wicked men, replied with earnestness, "It must have been white men then, for Indians