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Spirit-If I go up into heaven, thou art there. If I go down to hell thou art there also. Ps. cxxxix. 7, 8. By the word of the LORD were the heavens made, and all the host of them by the breath (Spirit) of his mouth. Ps. xxxiii. 6. The Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. Gen. i. 2. The Spirit of God hath made me. Job, xxxiii. 4. By his Spirit he hath garnished the heavens. Job, xxvi. 13. Thou sendest forth thy Spirit, they are created, and thou renewest the face of the earth. Ps. civ. 30. It is the spint that quickeneth. John, vi. 63. But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead, shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you. Rom. viii. 11. Christ being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 18. Declared to be the Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. Rom. i. 4. III. The Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. 1 Cor. ii. 10. But ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things. 1 John, ii. 20. He shall teach you all thu gs, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. John, xiv 26. He will shew you things to come. John, xvi. 13. For the ma nifestation of the spirit is given to every man to profit withal For to one is given by the Spirit, the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit: to another faith by the same Spirit: to another the gift of healing by the same spirit; to another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues; but all these worketh that one and the self-same Spirit, dividing to every man, severally as he will. I Cor. xii. 7-11.-IV. God is a Spirit, and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. John, iv. 24. There are diversities of operations, but it is the same God that worketh all in all. 1 Cor. xii. 6. Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy. Ps. xcix. 9. Thou Jesus of Nazareth,-1 know thee who thou art, The Holy One of God. Luke, iv. 34. But ye denied the Holy One, and the Just. Acts, ii. 14. The Lord is that Spirit, 2 Cor. iii. 17.

If the Holy Spirit had been originally any thing more than an ideal abstract combination of God's moral attributes constitutively, in other words, if he had been any other than God viewed solely with respect to his moral perfections, and had possessed eternity, infinity, and immutability any other way than as acci dents, it is utterly impossible that he could ever have become finite, derived, and mutable in the subsistence of his finite, derived, and mutable body of the church, because it is a manifest absurdity to suppose, that the finite, derived, and mutable church could contain a constitutively eternal, infinite, and immutable being. And again if the Holy Spirit had originally possessed omniscience and omnipotence in any other way than as accidents, i. e. if he had possessed them as constituents, it indubitably follows, that when he became combined with the church, the church would possess omniscience and omnipotence as constituents, which she does not. On the other hand, as the fulness of God's moral attributes can never absolutely cease to be eternal, infinite, and immutable, and as they are but qualities of his omniscience and omnipotence, from which, as holiness is nothing else than holy thinking and holy acting, they can never absolutely be separated; so while the ideal combination may be realised in the church without being infinite, eternal, immutable, omniscient, and omnipotent; yet the Holy Spirit, divested of his original ideality, in his real elemental state in the Supreme Subsistence, can never cease to be infinite, eternal, immutable, omniscient, and omnipotent, and in the second subsistence can never cease to be omniscient and omnipotent.

Hence it is that the second and third classes of texts oppose the first. The Holy Spirit in the first is not come till after Christ's resurrection and ascension, proceeds from him, receives of him, and yet in the second and third classes he inspired the prophets of old, entered into the Virgin, and descended upon Christ himself, created him, and raised him up, is eternal and infinite, omniscient and omnipotent. All which is cleared up by considering that the Holy Spirit up to the time of his effusion at Pentecost, existed not in his proper and lasting subsistence, but in the persons of the Father and the Son, from whom he proceeded, or in the Supreme

Subsistence alone, in which, Christ, as the Word or ungenerated Essence, had also been, and which the Spirit could not give up absolutely but only relatively. And that he was a property of the Son is very evident: since the power of Christ to lay down his life and take it again, which is ascribed to the Spirit, Rom. viii. 11; 1 Pet. ii. 18; Heb. ix. 14, the Son expressly ascribes to himself, of which circumstance Bishop Heber has made a wonderful MYSTERY, in his Bampton Lectures, Lect. iv. p. 230, according to the practice of that Babylonish class of divines, who, forgetting the simplicity as it is in Jesus, darken counsel with learning without common sense. No man toketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and have power to take it again, John x. 18. Why? Because the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. 1 Cor. xv. 45. For the Lord is that spirit: and wherever the spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty and no mental slavery. But what is plainer than the words, the Spirit of God,' the Spirit of Christ'?

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if the church at any time has possessed God in other than his moral perfections, as instanced in the third class of texts, we must attribute her possession of them to the Father and the Son, from whom the Spirit received them in addition to his own, according to John xvi. 14, 15. The all things which the Spirit in the church searched must have been very limited in number, since the disciples who saw but in part are said to have known these all things, which can mean nothing more than all the doctrines of Christianity.

From the fourth class of texts, the Paraclete will appear to be nothing more than a relative state, of God in the first and second subsistences, both being in one sense or other spirit, and both holy.

VII.

The TRIFORM GOD, a title more conformable to the Word of God, simpler, and more correct, than the word TRINITY.

And he had a name written, that no man knew but he himself- and his name is called the Word of God. Rev. xix. 12, 13. (The genders are ambiguous in the original, Comp. Heb. iv. 12, 13.)

The above text. indeed, is a severe satire upon the church to say that after seventeen centuries of theological warfare, after councils of Nice and of Trent, and confessions of Augsburg, and Thirty-Nine Articles, and Long and Short Catechisms, Christ should at last be exhibited to the world in his true nature, only by the Word of God itself. No one knew the Word of God but the Word of God itself!-But the objections of the orthodox to my scriptural and not traditional faith may be summed up in the words of Mr. Faber, and thus one answer may serve them all. "So far as I can understand you,' says he, "I can see no warrant for your opinion in scripture and there certainly is no evidence, that it was the received doctrine of the primitive church as instructed by the Apostles and their immediate successors. The Apostles must have both written and orally taught the same system of doctrine. Had your doctrine been their doctrine, it would have been the universally received doctrine of the early Catholic Church in all its branches. This, however, is so far from being the case, that no doctrine, save that which is called the doctrine of the Trinity, viz. the existence of three consulstantial persons in one Numen, appears in the primitive documents of Christianity. I have read nearly all the Ante-Nicene Fathers

from beginning to end, and every one of the earliest of them. I speak therefore from the testimony of my own eye-sight. The primitive church, which invariably professed to receive her doctrine from the Apostles themselves, held and taught no such opinion, as you in the nineteenth century, would deduce from scripture. I believe I may say, that every litigated text between Trinitarians and Anti-trinitarians was interpreted by the primitive Christians precisely as Trinitarians still interpret such texts. The commencement of St. John's gospel is again and again interpreted by the early theologians: but they never give your exposition. On the contrary, they invariably give that which is still received by the Catholic Church. In the face of such evidence, what proof have I, that your exposition is the true one? I do not perceive any proof save your own assertion, that you interpret aright: and I discern no reason why I should prefer your exposition to that of Ireneus, who professed to receive his doctrine from St. John through the single intervening link of his master Polycarp." Leaving out of the question that my doctrine, as Mr. Faber calls it, has been more clearly evolved since Mr. Faber's letter to me, and that it is substantially the same with that of the orthodox, only with less rhetoric in it, and more logic, Mr. Faber has three, if not four, points against him. 1st. He takes for granted that the Apostles explained all they knew about the doctrines of Christianity, which is far from being clear. There must be also heresies among you, that they which are approved may be made manifest among you, says St. Paul, 1 Cor. xi. 19, an obscurity being necessary in some things, as Luke viii. 9, 10; 2 Cor. xii. 4; Rev. x. 4, evince, that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand, an argument Warburton has employed in Book VI. of his Divine Legation.-Or, he takes for granted that the Apostles themselves accurately understood all that they wrote, which is also far from being clear, as Peter himself confesses, that in Paul's epistles there are some things hard to be understood, 2 Pet. iii. 16. 2ndly. He takes for granted that the oldest opinion is the true opinion, which is far from being clear, since the Apocalypse represents the oldest Prophet or teacher to be a false Teacher, and the oldest church to be a false and mystical church, and that no one knoweth the Word of God to the last, but the Word of God itself. 3dly. He takes for granted that what is true in one sense is true in another. An eternally begotten Son is true figuratively, in as much as God calleth those things which be not, as though they were, Rom. iv. 17, but not literally. I do not deny that the early Christians had the right faith, but when they began to apply the rules of logic to rhetorical expressions, they darkened counsel by words without knowledge. They may have had the right faith without having a right understanding of that faith. I can believe that the Son is an eternally begotten being in the same sense, that I believe the body and blood of Christ verily and indeed taken and received by the faithful in the Lord's supper. 4thly. Mr. Faber, must excuse me, if I consider my exposition of St. John, of just as good authority as that of Ireneus, who for what I know, might have mistaken his master Polycarp as Polycarp might have mistaken his master John, unless Mr. Faber can shew any Scriptural proof that the immediate successors of the Apostles were to be exempted from the general liability of falling into error; which if

he can, he will, to be consistent, accept the epistles of the Apostolic fathers as canonical in addition to those already enrolled into the canon of Scripture, and for a similar reason the theological writings next to these, and so on, down to those of the present age. But really I am surprised that Mr. Faber does not see how the case stands. When there had not been as yet any nice distinctions made between the persons of the Trinity, the church was satisfied with general statements of the doctrine; and how easy was it for the servants of that blessed Master who had himself not much regarded nice distinctions in his simple unaffected teaching, to fall into the same popular method of expressing them❤ selves as he had employed. When the Gospel could maintain that Jesus Christ, a term properly restricted to Christ in his human nature, had created the worlds, how easy was it for the church to proceed one step further and teach that the Son created the worlds, without any great impropriety in the sight of those who would have regarded as over-wise, and as abhorrent to the simplicity of the faith, such technical accuracy as we are obliged now to introduce in order to rescue the truth from the absurdities by which it has so long been desecrated. The early Christians were satisfied that the Son was eternal somehow, though they perhaps did not exactly comprehend the nature of that eternity; and therefore without entering into much criticism on the subject, for fear of transgressing the bounds of decorum on so sacred a matter, they were contented with broadly laying it down, that Christ was the eternal Son of God, clapping all the difficult parts of the tenet to the account of faith. The system of Plato soon came to their aid by the conversion of some of the Greek philo. sophers; and desiring to illustrate their subject from it, they represented the Son as Plato's eternal EMANATION of the Logos or Word from God, and therefore as the eternally BEGOTTEN Son of the Christian Scheme. But from the time of the completion of the canon of the New Testament, there have been always some men, superior to their age, who have, from an attentive perusal of the inspired volume, never been satisfied with the popular acceptation of it, who have seen that there was something wrong in the general conclusions deduced from that book, though they have never given a satisfactory representation of its contents on the matter themselves; and hence we hear of the names of Praxeas, Noetus, Sabellius, Beryllus, men of more than ordinary acuteness, living in the second and third centuries, and Arius, between whose creed and that of Athanasius there was in early times a perpetual war.-Can Mr. Faber shew from the Scriptures that the dominant creed was to be the true creed? If he can, the point is settled in his favour. But I think he cannot. On the contrary, I believe the Scriptures represent the popular belief as a mixture of truth and error to the last, a light neither clear nor dark, and that at evening time' alone it shall be light.' Zech. xiv. 6, 7. Indeed the very circumstance of the Nicene Creed being the creed of the Pope, of the False Teacher, of Antichrist, is sufficient to condemn it. For so far is John from maintaining that the ascendant ecclesiastical power should preserve the true faith, that he distinctly states it, that Antichrist, who is always represented in Scripture as a churchman, sitting in the temple of God,' the church, the spiritual wickedness in heavenly places,' should fall into some lying heresy concerning the Father and the Son by denying them. And is not this the case? The Scriptures say that

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"Jesus is the Son of God," "who came by water and blood." (See the texts under Article III. ii.). No-says the Nicene Creed, Jesus is not the Son of God, nor did the Son of God come by water and blood; for the Son of God was "begotten before all worlds" and was "Light of Light," whereas Jesus was a man, and the Son of Man. The Nicene Creed therefore denies Jesus to be the Son of God, and consequently God to be the Father of Jesus, and it therefore denies the Father and Son; having a Father and Son of its own invention, or a Father and Son adopted from the Platonic Pagan System. This Nicene Creed was established by the fire and sword of the Roman Emperors, and these also I have shewn to be Antichrist. St. John also says, that the Spirit of Antichrist was already in the world in his days. Is Mr. Faber certain that his Rabbi Ireneus escaped the contagion? Daniel says that those of understanding are the fallen ones for a long period of time; but Ireneus has kept his ground to the present day. St. John says that the heresy of Antichrist was to be a lie. And what lie can he greater than that two beings of the same age are Father and Son? Or what a greater lie, than that one can be derived from the other and yet be eternal, i.e. without derivation? Or what a greater lie, than that the all perfect, immutable, infinite God, can experience an increase by the procreation of a being of exactly the same unmixed substance with himself? Or what a greater lie, than that three infinite beings of exactly the same substance can occupy only one infinite space? Light of Light'!!! as if he who is perfect could admit of an increase of light! Undoubtedly then he could admit of a diminution, and may have once been nothing at all! But surely the Bible takes it for granted that we should use our reason in the interpretation of it; else why does St. John lay it down as a criterion of Gospel truth, that "no lie is of the truth?" 1 John, ii. 21. The orthodox are sagacious enough to discover what is monstrous in practice, if taken literally in the Gospel but they have not so much difficulty in swallowing all the speculative absurdities which others have catered for their not over-nice appetites. Sticklers are they for doctrine which costs them nothing; but when you talk to them of discipline, the infamous alliance of Church and State, their prostitution to, their fornication with, kings and lords, the iniquity of tithing "those that are without" their pale, they hush the matter up. But let them know that God always visits those with false doctrine, who have been so little watchful as to let a false discipline creep in, and that BABYLON THE GREAT is not only the MOTHER OF HARLOTS but that MYSTERY is the leading delusion of her creed.

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The Word of God then has a name which no man knows to the last but the Word of God itself; and this is true in more senses than one. If my explanation of the text Philip. ii. 6, 7, in Article IV. be attentively examined, it will be found that Form is the name which more accurately expresses a personality of the Deity, and that consequently the Triform God is the Scriptural expression. Trinity relates only to the ideal state of the three Subsistences, when God is three in one, as the term means; but Triform God relates to the real and practical state of the three Subsistences, when God is one in three. But the name may more particularly mean the New Name of the Word, Son of God, as before shewn.

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