"fully of your father, yet I beg you to take notice, that a part "of the church's rights, added to the vast treasure left him by "his father, hath been conceived to bring an unavoidable con"fumption upon both, notwithstanding all his diligence to "preferve it.

"And confider, that after the violation of thofe laws, to "which he had fworn in Magna Charta, God did fo far deny "him his reftraining grace, that he fell into greater fins than I 66 am willing to mention. Madam, religion is the foundation "and cement of human focieties; and when they that ferve at "God's altar fhall be exposed to poverty, then religion itself "will be expofed to fcorn, and become contemptible; as you may already obferve in too many poor vicarages in this na❝tion. And therefore, as you are by a late act or acts en"trufted with a great power to preferve or waste the church's "lands; yet difpofe of them for Jefus' fake as the donors intended Let neither falfehood nor flattery beguile you to do "otherwife, and put a ftop, I befeech you, to the approaching ❝ruins of God's church, as you expect comfort at the last great "day; for Kings must be judged. Pardon this affectionate "plainness, my moft dear Sovereign, and let me beg to be still "continued in your favour, and the Lord ftill continue you "in his."

The Queen's patient hearing this affectionate fpeech, her future care to preferve the church's rights, which till then had been neglected, may appear a fair teflimony, that he made her's and the church's good, the chiefest of his cares, and that the

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"fome fuch poyfon, that dranke into the ftomacke provokes fuch "nauceous abhorrence in it, that it never refts till it hath emptied it"felf both of the poylon that troubles it, and of whatsoever elfe before "lay quietly and inoffenfively therein. I could therefore with that all "our gentry would preferve their inheritances without ruin to their pofterity, would beware they bring not any fpoiles of the church into their houfes, left they be fpovled by them; for they are like the "eagle's feathers by which the Egyptians in their hieroglyphicks fig "nifie pernitiosa potentia; for they are faid to confume all feathers 86 among which they are mingled, as Pierius relateth of them. And to "preferve them from this fif, that they would have a tablet hang up al"waies in the dining-roome where they ordinarily take their repast, in which "should be drawne an altar with flesh and fire on it for sacrifice,with an eagle "ready to take wing, having in her talons a piece of flesh with a burning "coale at it, and something beside it, and higher than the altar a tall tree “with an eagle's nest in it, and the heads of her young ones discovered above the nest, and the nest flaming with a light fire about them, with this inscription over the altar, NOLI ME TANGERE NE TE ET TUOS "PERDAM. For things belonging to the altar will certainly prove a snare "to devourers of them."(Page 32.)This fubject is fully difcufsed in Dr. South's twelve fermons, printed in 1692, p. 339, 345; and by Sir Henry Spelman, in "The Hiftory and Fate of Sacrilege, difcovered by Examples of Scripture, of Heathens, and of Chriflians, from the Beginning of the World, continually to this Day."

also thought fo. And of this, there were fuch daily teftimonies given, as begot betwixt them fo mutual a joy and confidence, that they feemed born to believe and do good to each other; the not doubting his piety to be more than all his oppofers, which were many, and thofe powerful too; nor his prudence equal to the chiefeft of her council, who were then as remarkable for active wisdom, as thofe dangerous times did require, or this nation did ever enjoy. And in this condition he continued twenty years, in which time he faw fome flowings, but many more ebbings of her favour toward all men that opposed him, efpecially the Earl of Leicester: fo that God feemed still to keep him in her favour, that he might preserve the remaining church lands and immunities from facrilegious alienations. And this good man deferved all the honour and power with which the trufted him; for he was a pious man, and naturally of noble and grateful principles: He eafed her of all her church-cares by his wife manage of them; he gave her faithful and prudent counfels in all the extremities and dangers of her temporal affairs, which were very many; he lived to be the chief comfort of her life in her declining age; to be then moft frequently with her, and her afsiftant at her private devotions; to be the greateft comfort of her foul upon her death-bed; to be prefent at the expiration of her last breath, and to behold the clofing of those eyes that had long looked upon him with reverence and affection. And let this also be added, that he was her chief mourner at her fad funeral; nor let this be forgotten, that within a few hours after her death, he was the happy proclaimer, that King James (her peaceful fuccefsor) was heir to the crown.

Let me beg of my reader, that he allow me to fay a little, and but a little more of this good Bishop, and I fhall then prefently lead him back to Mr. Hooker; and, because I would haften, I will mention but one part of the Bishop's charity and humility; but this of both. He built a large alms-house near to his own palace at Croyden in Surry, and endowed it with maintenance for a master and twenty-eight poor men and wo men; which he vifited so often, that he knew their names and difpofitions, and was fo truly humbled, that he called them brothers and fifters: And whenever the Queen defcended to that lowliness to dine with him at his palace in Lambeth' (which

s Mr. Hooker gave this character of Whitgift. "He always go"verned with that moderation, which uleth by patience to fupprefs boldness, and to make them conquer that fuffer; which I think well "fuited with his poefy or motto, VINCIT QUI PATITUR."

(Sir G. Paul's Life of Whitgift, p. 25.)

↑ Archbishop Grindal fell fo foon under the difpleasure of Queen Elizabeth, the very year after his tranflation from York to Canterbury, that it is probable the never honoured him with any vifit at Croyden. (Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, Vol. I. p. 65 )

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was very often), he would ufually the next day fhow the like lowlinefs to his poor brothers and fifters at Croyden ", and dine with them at his hofpital; at which time you may believe there was joy at the table.

And at this place he built alfo a fair free-fchool, with a good accommodation and maintenance for the mafter and scholars ; which gave juft occafion for Boyfe Sifi, then ambassador for the French King, and refident here, at the Bishop's death, to fay, "The Bishop had published many learned books, but a free "fchool to train up youth, and an hofpital to lodge and main"tain aged and poor people, were the best evidences of Chriftian "learning that a Bifhop could leave to pofterity *." This good Bishop lived to fee King James fettled in peace, and then fell fick at Lambeth; of which the King having notice, went to vifit him, and found him in his bed in a declining condition, and very weak; and after fome fhort difcourfe, the King affured him, "He had a great affection for him, and high value "for his prudence and virtues, which were fo useful for the "church, that he would earneftly beg his life of God." To which he replied, "Pro ecclefia Dei; pro ecclefia Dei2;"

Sir George Paul informs us, that Archbishop Whitgift entertained the Queen every year at one of his houses, so long as he was Archbishop, and fome years twice or thrice; where all things were performed in fo feemly an order, that he went thence always exceedingly well pleafed : And befides many public and gracious favours done unto him, the would falute him and bid him farewel by the name of black husband, calling alfo his men her servants, as a token of her good contentment with their attendance and pains. (Life of Whitgift, p. 103.)

The Archbishop's moft noble foundation of his hospital, free-school, and chapel at Croyden, was finished in 1594.

"Profectò hofpitale ad fublevandam paupertatem et fchola ad inftruendam juventutem funt optimi libri, quos Archiepifcopus confcri"bere potuit." (Paul's Life of Whitgift, p. 111.)

"

y He was at court the first Sunday in Lent, when, being feized with a paralytic firoke that deprived him of his fpeech, he was firft carried to the Lord Treasurer's chamber, and then conveyed to Lambeth." On Tuesday," fays Strype," he had the honour of a vifit from the King, "who, out of a fenfe of the great need he should have of him at this particular juncture (now he had laid fuch a fcheme for reformation), "told him he would pray to God for his life, and if he could obtain it, "he fhould think it one of the greatest temporal blessings that could be "given him in his kingdom."

z Thus died this great prelate, full of years, and full of honour, actuated to the laft moment of his life with that zeal which animated the illufirious Father Paul, when upon his death-bed, to breathe out his last prayer for his country, in thefe memorable words, "Efto perpetua." Yet it has been affirmed, that this distinguished ornament of the Reformation exerted himself against the Puritans with fo unfeeling a hand and fo far beyond his legal power, that upon the Queen's demife he began to be terribly frighted at the approach of King James's firti Parlia

meat,

which were the laft words he ever fpake; therein teftifying, that as in his life, fo at his death, his chiefest care was of God's church.

This John Whitgift was made Archbishop in the year 1583. In which bufy place he continued twenty years and fome months; and in which time you may believe, he had many trials of his courage and patience; but his motto was, "Vincit, "qui patitur;" i. e. "He conquers that endures." And he made it good. Many of his many trials were occafioned by the then powerful Earl of Leicester, who did ftill (but fecretly) raife and cherish a faction of Nonconformists to oppofe him; efpecially one Thomas Cartwright, a man of noted learning; fome time contemporary with the Bishop in Cambridge, and of the fame College, of which Dr. Whitgift, before he was

ment, and it is probable enough his apprehensions hastened his death. (Preface to the first Edition of the Confessionals.)-Let it be remembered that he was 73 years of age at the time of his demife, fo that it may not be thought quite fo probable that he died of a fright. His laft words, as related by Strype, certainly countenance a different opinion, "Et nunc, Domine, exaltata eft anima mea, quòd in eo tempore "fuccubui, quando mallem epifcopatûs mei reddere rationem quàm in"ter homines exercere." 66 My foul is lifted up, that I die in a time "wherein I had rather give up to God an account of my bishopric "than any longer to exercife it among men." To him we may furely apply what was faid of Auguftine: "O virum ad totius ecclefie publicam utilitatem natum, factum, datumque divinitus." "Whitgift "ftrove," fays Wilfon, in his Hiftory of the Life and Reign of James 1.' "to prevail over the Puritans with sweetness and gentleness; and died “in David's fulness of days, leaving a name, like a fweet perfume, be"hind him.' "He was a man born for the benefit of his country "and good of his church, wherein he ruled with fuch moderation, as he "continued in his Prince's favour all his life, fupprefsing fuch new "fects as in his time began to rife, as by his learned work written by "him against fuch fchifins does appear." (Stow.)

a CARTWRIGHT was excluded from his Fellowship of Trinity College for breaking a fiatute of that College, in not taking holy orders upon him in due time. (Strype's Whitgift, p. 47.)-He was Lady Margaret's Professor in Divinity in 1569. This dignity he enjoyed a fhort time, being fufpended for maintaining dangerous tenets concerning the government and difcipline of the Church. He was highly efteemed among the Prefbyterians, having received an invitation to be Divinity Profesor, along with Mr. Travers, in the University of St. Andrew's in Scotland. A fignal proof of his oppofition to the customs and ufages eftablished in the church is given by Sir George Paul, in his Life of Whitgift," p. 11.- Upon a Sunday Dr. Whitgift, the "Mafter of Trinity College, being from home, Mr. Cartwright, with "fome of his adherents, made three fermons in that one day, whereiu "they fo vehemently inveighed, among other ceremonies of our "church, against the furplice, as thofe of Trinity College were fo moved "therewith, that at evening prayer they caft off their furplices, though against the flatutes of the houfe, and were all placed in the chapel without furplice, three only excepted. By realon of which airs, both

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Bishop, was Mafter: in which place there began fome emulations (the particulars I forbear), and at laft open and high oppofitions betwixt them; and in which you may believe Mr. Cartwright was moft faulty, if his expulfion out of the Univerfity can incline you to it.

And in this difcontent, long before the Earl's death (which was 1588) Mr. Cartwright appeared a chief cherisher of the party that were for the Geneva church-government; and to effect it, he ran himself into many dangers both of liberty and life; appearing to juftify himself and his party in many remonftrances; (efpecially that called the "Admonition to the "Parliament") which laft he caufed to be printed; to which the Doctor made an anfwer, and Cartwright replied upon him; and then the Doctor having rejoined to his reply (however Mr. Cartwright would not be fatisfied), he wrote no more, but left the reader to be judge which had maintained their cause with moft charity and reafon.

After fome years the Doctor being preferred to the fee, first of Worcester, and then of Canterbury, Mr. Cartwright, after his thare of trouble and imprisonment (for fetting up new prefbyteries in divers places against the established order), having received from the Archbishop many perfonal favours, retired himself to a more private living, which was at Warwick, where he became mafter of an hofpital, and lived quietly and grew rich; and where the Archbishop gave him a license to preach", upon promise not to meddle with controverfies, but incline his hearers to piety and moderation: and this promise he kept during his life, which ended 1602, the Archbishop furviving him but one year, each ending his days in perfect charity with

the other c.

"that private College was greatly diftracted, and the whole Univerfity "much perplexed and troubled."- Of the controverfy between Archbishop Whitgift and Mr. Cartwright, the latter of whom objected to the liturgy and to the form and manner of cathedral fervice, and particularly "to the tofsing the Pfalms from one fide to the other, like "tennis balls;" for thus he denominates the practice of choral and antiphonal finging, see Sir John Hawkins's Hist. of Music, Vol. III. p. 491,492. When the Nonconformifts were undetermined which of them should undertake to anfwer Whitgift's Reply," Mr. Cartwright was chofen for that employment by lot.

b According to Strype, it is not fo certain that the Archbishop did grant to Cartwright a licenfe to preach. At least it appears that in 1585 he refufed to give it. "I am content and ready to be at peace "with him, fo long as he liveth peaceably; yet doth my confcience "and duty forbid me to give unto him any further public approbation, until I be better perfuaded of his conformity."

(Letter of Whitgift to the Earl of Leicester, July 17, 1585.)

c And thus fhould all controverfies end, or rather, if there must be controverfies, thus fhould they commence, and be conducted with mutual charity and mutual forbearance. If truth and not victory be the

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