And now after this long digrefsion, made for the information of my reader concerning what follows, I bring him back to the venerable Mr. Hooker, where we left him in the Temple, and where we fhall find him as deeply engaged in a controversy with Walter Travers, a friend and favourite of Mr. Cartwright's, as Dr. Whitgift had ever been with Mr. Cartwright himself; and of which, I fhall proceed to give this following

account.

And first this, that though the pens of Mr. Cartwright and Dr. Whitgift were now at reft, and had been a great while, yet there was fprung up a new generation of restlefs men, that by company and clamours became possessed of a faith which they ought to have kept to themfelves, but could not; men that were become pofitive in afserting, "that a Papist cannot "be faved;" infomuch, that about this time, at the execution of the Queen of Scots, the Bishop that preached her funeral fermon (which was Dr. Howland, then Bishop of Peterborough),

object of purfuit, why fhould the topic of debate be canvassed with animofity or perfonal invective? Thomas Cartwright, the Archbishop's old antagonist, was alive in 1601, and grew rich at his hofpital at Warwick, preaching at the chapel there, faith my author, very temperately according to the promife made by him to the Archbishop. Which mild

nefs of his fome afcribed to his old age and more experience. But the latter end of next year he deceased, out-lived little above two months by the Archbishop, who yet was much his elder in years. And now at the end of Cartwright's life to take our leave of him with a fairer character, it is remarkable what a noble and learned man (Sir H. Yelver ton) writes of fome of his laft words:" That he seriously lamented "the unnecessary troubles he had caused in the Church, by the schism he "had been the great fomenter of, and wished to begin his life again, that "he might testify to the world the dislike he had of his former ways:" and in this opinion he died. (Strype's Life of Whitgift, p. 554.)

He is

d WALTER TRAVERS, formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, was called by Fuller, "the Neck," as Cartwright was termed by him "the Head, of the Prefbyterian party." They were intimate friends and joint preachers to the English Factory at Antwerp. When Travers came into England, he was appointed chaplain to Lord Burghley, through whose influence he was made Lecturer at the Temple. the fuppofed author of the book "De Difciplinâ Ecclefiafticâ," written in Latin against the government of the Church of England, and containing the ground and model of the Puritan difcipline. Archbishop Whitgift, in a letter to the Queen, to whom Travers was recommended as a proper person to be chofen Mafter of the Temple, on the death of Father Alvy, describes him as "one of the chief and principal authors "of difsenfion in the church, a contemner of the book of prayers and "other orders by authority established; an earneft feeker of innovation; and either in no degree of the minifiry at all, or effe ordered beyond "the feas not according to the form in this Church of England ufed." Mr. Travers was ordained at Antwerp, May 8, 1578, by Cartwright, Villers, and others, the heads of a congregation there.

e Dr. RICHARD HOWLAND, Master of St. John's College in Cam

bridge,

was reviled for not being pofitive for her damnation. And befides this boldness of their becoming gods, fo far as to fet limits to his mercies, there was not only "Martin Mar-prelate," but

bridge, and the fourth Bishop of Peterborough, died in 1600. It does not appear that he was the preacher on this occafion.

Gunton, in his " Hiftory of the Church of Peterborough," page 73, &c. has given a circumstantial account of the funeral of Mary Queen of Scots, on Tue/day Auguft 1, 1587, fix months after her death, for he was beheaded in the cafile of Fotheringay, February 8, in that year. He relates that the Bishop of Lincoln (Wickham) preached out of the 39th Pfalm, 5, 6, 7, Lord, let me know my end and the number of my days, &c. In the prayer, when he gave thanks for fuch as were tranilated out of this vale of mifery, he used thefe words:-Let us give thanks for the happy dissolution of the high and mighty Princess Mary, late Queen of Scotland and Dowager of France, of whose life and death at this time I have not much to say, because I was not acquainted with the one, neither was I present at the other. I will, ot enter into judgment further; but, because it hath been signified to me that she trusted to be saved by the blood of Christ, we must hope well of her salvation: "For," as Father Luther was wont to say, " many one that liveth a Papist, dieth a Protestant.” In the difcourfe of his text, he only dealt with general doctrine of the vanity of all flesh.

In the Supplement fubjoined to "Gunton's Hiftory," page 331, the fubject of the fermon is refumed-" Bifhop Morton, in his Pro"tefiant Appeal,' I. iv. c. 1. hath given the beft account I meet with

of that pafsage (which in the Apology of the Roman Church' is "taken out ofMartin Mar-Prelate') in the Bishop of Lincoln's Ser"mon at her (the Queen of Scots) funeral, which made fo great noise "among factious people, who reported that he prayed his soul and the "souls of all there present might be with the soul of the Queen deceased. "But the truth of the ftory, he fays, is this, that the reverend Bishop "now mentioned, undertanding how that great and honourable perfonage in the laft act of her life renounced all prefumption of her own inherent righteoufnefs, and wholly affianced her foul unto Christ, in "belief to be juftified only by his fatisfactory juftice, did therefore con"ceive hope of her falvation by virtue of that cordial prefcribed by the "holy Apoftle, viz. that where sin aboundeth, the grace of God doth super. “ abound. Which the Apofile hath ministered for the comfort of every "Chriftian, who, erring by ignorance, fhall (by fincere repentance, efpecially for all known fins) depart from this mortal life, having the heel or end of it fhod with this preparation of the gospel of peace: not of the new Romish, but of the old Catholic faith, which is the faith of all Proteftants. And this confideration of that our preacher cannot but now worthily condemn the Apologifts of partial prejudice, who chofe rather to be informed concerning that fermon by (as they confess) a reproachful traducer and libeller, than (which they might eafily have done) by teftimony of a thoufand temperate «and indiferent hearers then prefent.”

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f In 1588 many libels, full of low fcurrility, and petulant fatire, were published again the Bithops. They were principally written by a fociety of men, afsuming the name of "Martin Mar-Prelate." They appeared under various titles, as Diotrephes;" "The Minerals;' The Epittle to the Confocation Houfe;" "Have you any Work for a Coopei ?" in aufwer to what Cowper, Bishop of Winchetier, had

written

other venomous books daily printed and difperfed; books that were fo abfurd and fcurrilous, that the graver divines difdained them an answer. And yet thefe were grown into high esteem with the common people, till Tom Nafhs appeared against them all, who was a man of a sharp wit, and the master of a fcoffing, fatirical, merry pen, which he employed to discover the abfurdities of those blind, malicious, fenfelefs pamphlets, and fermons as fenfelefs as they. Nafh's anfwers being like his books, which bore thefe titles, "An Almond for a Parret ;"

written in vindication of the Bishops and Church of England; "More Work for a Cooper," &c. &c. The authors of thefe publications were John Penry, a Welshman, John Udal, and other minifiers.

John Penry, or John ap Henry, was in 1593 arraigned at the King's Bench, Westminster, upon the statute of the 23 Eliz. c. 2. made against seditious words and rumours uttered against the Queen, and foon after executed haftily, being brought in an afternoon out of the King's Bench prifon, in Southwark into St. Thomas Waterings, a place of execution, on that fide the river Thames, and there hanged. (Strype.)

We are informed by Dr. Heylin in his "Hiftory of the Prefbyterians, that the men who afsumed this name of "Martin Mar-Prelate" called the Archbishop "Pope of Lambeth;" "the Canterbury Caiaphas ;" 66 Efau;" a monftrous Antichriftian Pope." The Bishops were named "Petty Popes," "Petty Antichrifis," "Incarnate Devils," &c. whilt the inferior clergy were "Popish Priefts," "Monks," "Ale-hunters," &c. What effects were produced by thefe writings we learn from "Brightman upon the Revelation," p. 149. "There was," fays he, " one that "called himself by the name of Martin Mar-Prelate, who set forth "books wherein he dealt fomewhat roundly with the angel, i. e. the Bifhops of the Church of England. How were thofe bitter jefts of his "favoured among the people? how willingly, greedily, and with what "great mirth were they every where entertained? There is no man fo rude and unfkilful, but that pondering that time in his mind would say "thus to himself, and that not without caufe, Truly the Lord hath poured "out contempt. upon Princes; those that honour him doth he honour, and "those that despise him shall be despised. He hath made our priests contemptible to the whole people, because they have broken their co"venant."

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g The three titles mentioned by Walton belong all to one pamphlet, which Gabriel Hervie fuppofes to be written by Lylly.-Mr. THOMAS NASH, a man of a facetious and farcaftic difpofition, was the author of numerous tracts to which he gave quaint names, as "The Apology of Pierce Penniless; or, Strange News," &c.—“ Have with you to Saffron Walden:" Pappe with a Hatchet; alias, a Fig for my Godson; or, Cracke me this Nutt; or, a Country Cuffe, that is, a sound Box of the Ear for the Idiot Martin to hold his Peace; written by one that dares call a Dog a Dog." He wrote with great pleasantry and wit again a fet of men, who at that time boldly pretended to prognoftications and afironomical predictions.

"Fortiùs ac meliùs magnas plerumque fecat res.”

HOR.

From the various tracts written by Nash, the commentators on Shake- fpear have happily elucidated and explained several obfcure passages of their great poet.

"A Fig for my Godfon;"" Come 'crack me this Nut," and the like; fo that his merry wit made fuch a discovery of their abfurdities, as (which is ftrange) he put a greater ftop to these malicious pamphlets than a much wifer man had been able.

And now the reader is to take notice, that at the death of Father Alvy, who was Mafter of the Temple, this Walter Travers was Lecturer there for the evening fermons, which he preached with great approbation, efpecially of the younger gentlemen of that fociety, and for the most part approved by Mr. Hooker himself, in the midft of their oppofitions. For he continued Lecturer a part of his time; Mr. Travers being indeed a man of competent learning, of winning behaviour, of a blameless life. But he had taken orders by the Prefbyters in Antwerp, and if in any thing he was tranfported, it was in an extreme defire to fet up that government in this nation for the promoting of which he had a correfpondence with Theodore Beza at Geneva', and others in Scotland; and was one of the chiefeft afsiftants to Mr. Cartwright in this defign.

:

Mr. Travers had alfo a particular hope to fet up this government in the Temple, and to that end used his endeavours to be Mafter of it; and his being disappointed by Mr. Hooker's admittance, proved fome occafion of his oppofition of Mr. Hooker's fermons publicly in the pulpit: Many of which were concerning the doctrine, difcipline, and ceremonies of this church; and Mr. Hooker again publicly juftified his doctrine against the other's exceptions: infomuch, that as St. Paul withstood St. Peter to his face, fo did they. For as one hath pleasantly expressed it, "the forenoon fermons fpeak Canterbury, and the after"noon's Geneva."

In these fermons there was little of bitterness, but each party brought all the reafons he was able to prove his adverfary's opinions erroneous. And thus it continued for a time till the oppofitions became fo high, and the confequences fo dangerous, efpecially in that place, that the prudent Archbishop put a stop to Mr. Travers's preaching by a positive prohibition ; against

h The teftimonial of his ordination at Antwerp, May 14, 1578, is inferted in "Fuller's Church Hittory," B. IX. p. 214.

iStrype has drawn a comparison between these two rival preachers.— "Hooker was a true man to the church as eftablished: Travers was not

fo. Hooker was for univerfal redemption, and taught the decrees of "God concerning the falvation of mankind by Jefus Chrift in more la*titude: Travers was for the more rigid way, for abfolute exclufion of "the greatest part of mankind from it, and to be fhut up under a de"cree of reprobation and rejection. Thefe and other opinions caufed "different doctrines to be preached in the fame pulpit morning and af "ternoon."

That prohibition was chiefly because of his foreign ordination. Their different characters as preachers are thus delineated by Dr. Gau

der

which Mr. Travers appealed and petitioned her Majesty and her Privy Council to have it recalled, where he met with many afsifting powerful friends; but they were not able to prevail with or against the Archbishop, whom the Queen had entrusted with all church-power; and he had received fo fair a testimony of Mr. Hooker's principles and of his learning and moderation, that he withstood all folicitations. But the denying this petition of Mr. Travers was unpleasant to divers of his party, and the reasonablenefs of it became at laft to be fo magnified by them and many others, as never to be answered: fo that intending the Bishop's and Mr. Hooker's difgrace, they procured it to be privately printed and fcattered abroad; and then Mr. Hooker was forced to appear as publicly, and print an answer to it, which he did, and dedicated it to the Archbishop; and it proved fo full an answer, to have in it so much of clear reafon, and writ with fo much meeknefs and majefty of ftyle, that the

den:-" Mr. Travers was a more plaufible and profitable preacher to vulgar auditors, as well as more popular, having much more of the "oratorian decoy, a pleafing voice, a pathetic pronunciation, and an "infinuating fashion or gefture to captivate his auditors by his agree"able prefence, vigorous fpeech, and graceful activity; nor were his "texts and matter ufually ill-chofen, or impertinently or dully handled, upon practical heads and common places of divinity. Mr. Hooker "was more profound, and the other more fluent: different gifts they "had from the fame Spirit, for several uses of the church, to the fame "end of God's glory and fouls' good, though in different ways of mi"nifiration." (Hooker's Life, p. 30.)

According to Fuller, the manner of filencing Travers gave great offence. "For all the congregation on a Sabbath in the afternoon were "afsembled together, their attention prepared, the cloth, as I may fay, "and napkins were laid, yea the guefis fet, and their knives drawn for "their spiritual repaft, when fuddenly, as Mr. Travers was going up to "the pulpit, a forry fellow ferved him with a letter, prohibiting him to "preach any more. In obedience to authority, the mild and conftant "fubmifsion whereunto won him refpect with his adverfaries, Mr. Tra"vers calmly fignified the fame to the congregation, and requested them quietly to depart to their chambers. Thus was our good Zacharias firuck dumb in the Temple, but not for infidelity; unpartial people "accounting his fault at most but indifcretion. Meantime his auditory (pained that their pregnant expectation to hear him preach fhould fo publicly prove abortive, and fent fermonefs home) manifefted in their "variety of pafsion, fome grieving, fome frowning, fome murmuring, "and the wifeft fort, who held their tongues, haked their heads, as difliking the managing of the matter." (Fuller's Church Hist. B. IX. p. 217.)-Upon his expulfion from the Temple he was appointed Provoft of Trinity College in Dublin, at the indiance of his old friend and fellow collegian Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin. He afterward refigned that office, and returned to England, where he lived many years in obfcurity, bat with much quiet and contentment.

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"The Supplication made to the Council by Mr. Walter Travers,” and "Mr. Hooker's Answer to it, addrefsed to my Lord of Canterbury his Grace," are usually printed with Mr. Hooker's works.