Greece and her Philosophy put to shame. 63 .II.1-13. his own countrymen alone, but also among Parthians, and ACTS Medes, and Elamites, and in India, and in every part of the earth, and to the extremities of the world. Where now is Greece with her big pretensions? Where the name of Athens? Where the ravings of the philosophers? He of Galilee, he of Bethsaida, he, the uncouth rustic, has overcome them all. Are you not ashamed-confess it—at the very name of the country of him who has defeated you? But if you hear his own name too, and learn that he was called Cephas, much more will you hide your faces. This, this has undone you quite: because you esteem this a reproach, and account glibness of tongue a praise, and want of glibness a disgrace. You have not followed the road you ought to have chosen, but leaving the royal road, so easy, so smooth, you have trodden one rough, and steep, and laborious. And therefore you have not attained unto the kingdom of heaven. Why then, it is asked, did not Christ exercise His [4.] influence upon Plato, and upon Pythagoras? Because the mind of Peter was much more philosophical than their minds. They were in truth children shifted about on all sides by vain-glory; but this man was a philosopher, one apt to receive grace. If you laugh at these words, it is no wonder; for those aforetime laughed, and said, the men were full of new wine. But afterwards, when they suffered those bitter calamities, exceeding all others in misery; when they saw their city falling in ruins, and the fire blazing, and the walls hurled to the ground, and those manifold frantic horrors, which no one can find words to express, they did not laugh then. And you will laugh then, if you have the mind to laugh, when the time of hell is close at hand, when the fire is kindled for your souls. But why do I speak of the future? Shall I shew you what Peter is, and what Plato, the philosopher? Let us for the present examine their St. Chrysostom's habitual use of subduing the carnal appetites and afthe term philosophy is thus explained fections. Thus to Christian philosophy in the index of Mr. Field's edition of are to be referred: forbearance and the Com. on St. Matt. "Philosophy, long-suffering; humblemindedness; conaccording to the custom of Chrys. tempt of wealth; an austere and mois not Christian piety, not the ex- nastic life; every other mortification ercise of any virtue, not a pious and (amábeiα). Its contraries are: chaste life, not virtue in general, but lation, (noτvnía, see below,) envy that part of virtue, which consists in and vain-glory, and all other passions." emu 64 Plato's absurd and mischievous doctrines. IV. HOMIL. respective habits, let us see what were the pursuits of each. The one wasted his time about a set of idle and useless dogmas, and philosophical, as he says, that we may learn that the soul of our philosopher becomes a fly. Most truly said, a fly! not indeed changed into one, but a fly must have entered upon possession of the soul which dwelt in Plato; for what but a fly is worthy of such ideas! The man was full of irony, and of jealous feelings against every one else, as if he made it his ambition to introduce nothing useful, either out of his own head or other people's. Thus he adopted the metempsychosis from another, and from himself produced the Republic, in which he enacted those laws full of gross turpitude. Let the women, he says, be in common, and let the virgins go naked, and let them wrestle before the eyes of their lovers, and let there also be common fathers, and let the children begotten be common. But with us, not nature makes common fathers, but the philosophy of Peter does this: as for that other, it made away with all paternity. For Plato's system only tended to make the real father next to unknown, while the false one was introduced. It plunged the soul into a kind of intoxication and filthy wallowing Let all, he says, have intercourse with the women without fear. The reason why I do not examine the maxims of poets, is, that I may not be charged with ripping up fables. And yet I am speaking of fables much more ridiculous than even those. Where have the poets devised ought so portentous as this? But (not to enter into the discussion of his other maxims), what say you to these * καὶ φιλόσοφα, φησὶν, ἵνα: ‘and "philosophical," forsooth:' but perhaps it should be καὶ ἐφιλοσόφησεν ἵνα: this was the upshot of his philosophiz. ing. Ἡ τοῦ φιλοσόφου ψυχή: * the soul of the philosopher himself (A. TOû διδασκάλου), viz. equally with the souls of other men, becomes, for instance, a fly, &c.' Comp. infra p. 65. our soul passes into flies and dogs, &c." and Hom. in Ev. Joann. t. viii. 8. D. "they say that the souls of men become flies, gnats, shrubs."-Edd. "For what is the benefit from learning that the soul of the philosopher, &c." The next sentence (ovтws μvîa-our els μυῖαν μετέπιπτεν (sc. ἡ ψυχὴ), ἀλλ ̓ ἐπέβαινε (sc. μυῖα) τῇ ἐν Πλατ. οἰκόνσῃ ψυχῇ) seems to mean, ‘He talks of St. Peter was the true Philosopher. 65 II. κενο δοξίας. when he equips the females with arms, and helmets, and Acrs greaves, and says that the human race has no occasion to 1-13. differ from the canine? Since dogs, he says, the female and the male, do just the same things in common, so let the women do the same works as the men, and let all be turned upside down. For the devil has always endeavoured by their means to shew that our race is not more honourable than that of brutes; and, in fact, some have gone to such a pitch of 'absurdity, as to affirm that the irrational creatures are endued with reason. And see in how many various ways he has run riot in the minds of those men! For whereas their leading men affirmed that our soul passes into flies, and dogs, and brute creatures; those who came after them, being ashamed of this, fell into another kind of turpitude, and invested the brute creatures with all rational science, and made out that the creatures-which were called into existence on our accountare in all respects more honourable than we! They even attribute to them foreknowledge and piety. The crow, they say, knows God, and the raven likewise, and they possess gifts of prophecy, and foretell the future; there is justice among them, and polity, and laws. Perhaps you do not credit the things I am telling you. And well may you not, nurtured as you have been with sound doctrine; since also, if a man were fed with this fare, he would never believe that there exists a human being who finds pleasure in eating dung. The dog' also among them is jealous, according to Plato. But when we tell them that these things are fables, and are full of absurdity, 'You do not enter into the higher 2 vońmeaning,' say they. No, we do not enter into this your surpassing nonsense, and may we never do so: for it requires (of course!) an excessively profound mind, to inform me, what all this impiety and confusion would be at. Are you talking, senseless men, in the language of crows, as the children are wont (in play)? For you are in very deed children, even as they. But Peter never thought of saying any of these things: and laws," where it is clearly out of place, whatever it means. Al' avτav, Ben. "per illas," which they seem to refer to yuvaîkes. Erasm. "per illos," which is doubtless right: by means of the philosophers, as below, ἐν ταῖς ἐκείνων ψυχαῖς. • Καὶ ζηλοῖ παρ ̓ αὐτοῖς ὁ κύων κατὰ ПAάтшva. Edd. have this after "polity F • Edd. Σφόδρα γε· οὐ γὰρ φρενός Babelas. Read Zpódpa ye (où yáp;) pp. B. as above, p. 47, note u. and 60, note o. σατε IV. ch. 3, 12. 66 Vainglory is a bar to all true wisdom. HOMIL. he uttered a voice, like a great light shining out in the dark, a voice which scattered the mist and darkness of the whole world. Again, his deportment, how gentle it was, JenLeKès how considerate'; how far above all vainglory; how he looked towards heaven without all self-elation, and this, even when raising up the dead! But if it had come to be in the power of any one of those senseless people (in mere fantasy of course) to do any thing like it, would he not straightway have looked for an altar and a temple to be reared to him, and have wanted to be equal with the gods? since in fact when no such sign is forthcoming, they are for ever indulging such fantastic conceits. And what, pray you, is that Minerva of theirs, and Apollo, and Juno? They are different kinds of demons among them. And there is a king of theirs, who thinks fit to die for the mere purpose of being accounted equal with the gods. But not so the men here: no, just the contrary. Hear how they speak on the occasion of the lame man's cure. Ye men of Israel, why look ye so earnestly on us, as though by our own power or holiness we had made Ibid. 14, him to walk? We also are men of like passions with you. But with those, great is the self-elation, great the bragging; all for the sake of men's honours, nothing for the pure love 1pio of truth and virtue'. For where an action is done for glory, σοφίας all is worthless. For though a man possess all, yet if he have not the mastery over this (lust), he forfeits all claim to true philosophy, he is in bondage to the more tyrannical and shameful passion. Contempt of glory; this it is that is sufficient to teach all that is good, and to banish from the soul every pernicious passion. I exhort you therefore to use the most strenuous endeavours to pluck out this passion by the very roots; by no other means can you have good esteem with God, and draw down upon you the benevolent regard of that Eye which never sleepeth. Wherefore, let us use all earnestness to obtain the enjoyment of that heavenly influence, and thus both escape the trial of present evils, and attain unto the future blessings, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, power, honour, now and ever, and to all ages. Amen. 14. ἕνεκεν. HOMILY V. ACTS ii. 14. Ye men of Judæa, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and hearken to my words. [YE men of Judæa, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem,] whom the writer above described as strangers. Here he directs his discourse to those others, the mockers, and while he seems to reason with those, he sets these right. For indeed it was divinely ordered that some mocked, that he might have a starting point for his defence, and by means of that defence, might teach. [And all ye that dwell in Jerusalem.] It seems they accounted it a high encomium to dwell in Jerusalem too". Be this, says he, known unto you, and hearken unto my words. In the first instance he made He says: "The 'dwellers in Jerusalem' are especially the devout men out of every nation mentioned above, and to instruct these (ToÚTOUS) is the real aim of the discourse, which however is addressed in the first instance to the others (ekeivovs), whose mockery gave occasion to it. St. Peter stands up apparently for the purpose of defending himself and his brethren: but this is in fact quite a secondary object, and the apology becomes a sermon of doctrine.' a The Keivot, if the old text be correct, are the mockers, but these are not "the devout men out of every nation under heaven," therefore ous ξένους εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω can hardly be meant to refer to the following clause, ἐνταῦθα πρὸς ἐκείνους κ.τ.λ. The omission of the text words, and the seeming antithesis of avwrépw and ev Taula, caused a confusion which the modern text attempts to remedy by transposing Tous diaxλ. to the place of τούτους. "Whom the writer above called strangers, to those Peter here directs his speech, and he seems indeed to discourse with those, but corrects the mockers." This just inverts Chrysostom's meaning, which is clear enough from the following context. also." * Καὶ τὸ ἐν Ἱ. οἰκεῖν. Below he explains ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι to mean, "dwellers in Judæa:" therefore the kal seems to mean, "to be not only such, but dwellers in Jerusalem |