organized the Commission may fix such times and places for its meetings as may be necessary, subject at all times to special call or direction by the two Governments. Each Commissioner, upon the first joint meeting of the Commission after his appointment, shall before proceeding with the work of the Commission, make and subscribe a solemn declaration in writing that he will faithfully and impartially perform the duties imposed upon him under this Treaty, and such declaration shall be entered on the records of the proceedings of the Commission.

The United States and Canadian sections of the Commission may each appoint a secretary, and these shall act as joint secretaries of the Commission at its joint sessions, and the Commission may employ engineers and clerical assistants from time to time as it may deem advisable. The salaries and personal expenses of the Commission and of the Secretaries shall be paid by their respective Governments, and all reasonable and necessary joint expenses of the Commission, incurred by it, shall be paid in equal moieties by the High Contracting Parties.

The Commission shall have power to administer oaths to witnesses and to take evidence on oath whenever deemed necessary in any proceeding, or inquiry, or matter within its jurisdiction under this Treaty, and all parties interested therein shall be given convenient opportunity to be heard, and the High Contracting Parties agree to adopt such legislation as may be appropriate and necessary to give the Commission the powers above mentioned on each side of the boundary, and to provide for the issue of subpoenas and for compelling the attendance of witnesses in proceedings before the Commission. The Commission may adopt such rules of procedure as shall be in accordance with justice and equity, and may make such examination in person and through agents or employees as may be deemed advisable.

ARTICLE 13.

In all cases where special agreements between the High Contracting Parties hereto are referred to in the foregoing articles, such agreements are understood and intended to include not only direct agreements between the High Contracting Parties, but also any mutual arrangement between the United States and the Dominion of Canada expressed by concurrent or reciprocal legislation on the part of Congress and the Parliament of the Dominion.

ARTICLE 14.

The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Britannic Majesty and by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the Treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of its ratifications. It shall remain in force for five years, dating from the day of exchange of ratifications, and thereafter until terminated by twelve months' written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other.

In faith whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty in duplicate and have hereunto affixed their seal.

Done at Washington the 11th day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nine.

FEDERAL CHARTERS.

Permits granted by Congress for the construction of dams across navigable streams in Minnesota."

From article by G. W. Mooney, entitled "Federal Statutes Relating to Water Power," published in the Final Report of the National Waterways Commission, Senate Document 469, 62d Congress, 2d Session. (This list does not include permits for dams which appear to have been intended for use otherwise than for the generation of mechanical power).

Permits granted by Congress for the construction of dams across navigable streams in Minnesota."-Continued.

From article by G. W. Mooney, entitled "Federal Statutes Relating to Water Power," published in the Final Report of the National Waterways Commission, Senate Document 469, 62d Congress, 2d Session. (This list does not include permits for dams which appear to have been intended for use otherwise than for the generation of mechanical power.)

EVAPORATION RECORDS.

So far as known no continuous records of evaporation have been made in the State of Minnesota prior to 1912 when a station was established at Sandy Lake Dam. Records, however, have been made at certain places in adjoining states which indicate something of the magnitude of evaporation in Minnesota. For this reason records of evaporation are given for observations made by the United States Geological Survey, U. S. Engineer Corps, and others, at University, North Dakota, Madison, Menasha and Grand River Lock, Wisconsin and Iowa City, Iowa.

EVAPORATION AT UNIVERSITY, NORTH DAKOTA.

The evaporation gage at University, N. D., was established April 17, 1905, by the U. S. Geological Survey. Daily observations have been made through the whole of the open seasons since that time.

The gage is located at a pool in a ravine called "English Coulee," which runs through the campus of the University of North Dakota, located immediately west of Grand Forks. This pool at extreme low stage, has a central depth of 6 feet and an area of at least 30 square rods. It is unshaded and there are no large trees in the vicinity. The water surface is ordinarily about 15 feet below the level of the surrounding open prairie, but the banks of the ravine slope so gently from a top width of ten or twenty rods that the wind has nearly its normal effect at the gage.

A heavily galvanized iron tank, three feet square and eighteen inches deep is placed in the center of an anchored raft so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the water surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked by the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after the change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the

water level is restored to the original height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of such size that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

A standard rain gage is located on the open prairie about ten rods distant. On days of rainfall the difference between the quantity measured by the rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered. the total evaporation for the day.

It has been found that the arrangement of this tank is such that the temperature of the water in the tank is always nearly identical with that of water outside; the difference usually being imperceptible and rarely more than a degree. The temperature of the water and of the air have been observed daily as well as the rainfall.

The following table shows the evaporation, the rainfall, and the approximate mean temperature of water and of air by months. In the years 1905 and 1906, the mean air temperatures were not observed.

During nearly all the remainder of each year when evaporation records were not taken, water surfaces were frozen.

The latitude of University is 48°, its altitude 830 feet, and its normal rainfall about 20 inches a year.

EVAPORATION AT SANDY LAKE DAM, MINNESOTA.

An evaporation station was established at Sandy Lake Dam June 27, 1912, which is maintained in cooperation with the U. S. Engineer Corps, by whom the daily observations are taken during the open season.

A galvanized iron tank three feet square and eighteen inches deep is floated on Sandy Lake reservoir near the dam. The rainfall is determined from a rain gage located nearby.