Admiral DEWEY. No; how should I know it? I have not been there for three years.

Senator PATTERSON. I want to know whether your views

Admiral DEWEY. I do not like your questions a bit; I did not like them yesterday, and I do not like them to-day. I am here to give you all the information I can during the days before the arrival of the Army, of my actions, and I am not responsible for what other people wrote or did or said.

Senator BEVERIDGE (acting chairman). You will answer before the committee all questions concerning your knowledge derived from any source, and you will not be required to answer questions that may in anyway, in your judgment, reflect upon brother officers or criticise officers of the Army or Navy.

Senator DIETRICH. Now, if you had had confidence in Aguinaldo and his army, and if you had recognized him as an ally, and he had had a well-equipped army-one that could be depended upon, one that you had had confidence in, you could have accepted the surrender of the Spanish governor-general and could have put Aguinaldo in charge of the city instead of waiting for the American soldiers, could you not?

Admiral DEWEY. Yes, and the fact that I did not accept the surrender would seem to bear out my opinion then that they were not to be trusted.

Senator DIETRICH. And had you had confidence in Aguinaldo and his so-called army, you certainly would have accepted the surrender?

Admiral DEWEY. Yes. That is if I had had perfect confidence.

Senator DIETRICH. And he had been an ally; and if you and he had been cooperating together, it would have been a natural thing for you to have placed Aguinaldo's army in Manila.

Admiral DEWEY. Yes. It never entered my head to do that. Senator DIETRICH. You think it would have entered your head if there had been an alliance?

Admiral DEWEY. Yes. That is something new to me. I never thought of it till this moment, and the fact that I did not accept the surrender is proof to me-it never entered my head to let him come

in.

Senator DIETRICH. And that you were not working in cooperation with him-with Aguinaldo-you were depending absolutely on the American forces, both the Army and the Navy, and the fact that you were waiting for the American Army to arrive was conclusive evidence that you and Aguinaldo had no alliance?

Admiral DEWEY. I think so. I thank you very much for putting that idea in that shape. It makes my testimony stronger.

EXPENSES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

The Secretary of War reported to the Senate June 19, 1902, that "the amount of money expended, and the amount," so far as prac⚫ticable to state it, "for which the Government of the United States is liable, remaining unpaid for equipment, supplies, and military operations in the Philippine Islands each year from May 1, 1898, to the present time," aggregate $170,326,586.11, as follows:

In his official report the Secretary said:

"Attention is invited to the fact that large quantities of valuable property, such as ships, lighters, etc., horses and mules, wagons, harness, clothing, equipage and ordnance, medical, signal, and engineer supplies, the cost of which is included in the foregoing statement, still remain on hand in the Philippine Islands for use. Parts of these supplies are already being reshipped to this country. "It should also be observed that a large part of the expense during the past year should not properly be treated as occasioned by military operations in the Philippine Islands, for the reason that it consists of pay and maintenance of troops whom we would have had to pay and maintain whether they were in the Philippines or not, in order to keep up the minimum number of regular troops required by law as a safeguard against future contingencies. The minimum at which the Regular Army is required to be maintained by the act of February 2, 1901, is 59,657 men, and the maximum is 100,000. We have now less than 10,000 in excess of the minimum number. The cost of that excess is properly to be treated as occasioned by operations in the Philippines.

"The present scale of expense in the Philippines is, of course, greatly reduced from that shown in the foregoing statement, because of the continuous reduction of the Army, made possible by the restoration of peaceful conditions. Thus in the middle of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, there were about 70,000 American soldiers in the islands. That number is now reduced to about 23,000. Orders have now been issued for the return of the Eighth, Fifteenth, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Infantry, and a squadron of the Tenth Cavalry, and when these orders have been executed the number of American troops in the Philippines will have been reduced to 18,000. For the past six months we have been bringing troops home as rapidly as we could do so economically by the use of our own transports. Quarantine requirements have caused some delay in the movement of transports, but we are bringing the men home more rapidly than we can provide accommodations for them until appropriations contained in the pending appropriation bill for the support of the Army become available." Of the foregoing amount the sum of $4,803,448.21 was expended within the United States, paid to railways for transportation of troops and supplies; practically all of the $74,000,000 expended by the quartermaster's department; the $21,000,000 expended by the subsistence department, and the $3,000,000 expended by the medical department was paid out in the United States for supplies furnished. The postal records show that a considerable portion of $63,000,000 expended by the pay department was sent back by the boys in blue and the officers to their families in the United States, so that by far the greatest portion of the total expenditures went directly into the circulation of this country.

Barbarism has and can have no place in a civilized world. It is our duty toward the people living in barbarism to see that they are freed from their chains, and we can only free them by destroying barbarism itself. The missionary, the merchant, and the soldier may each have to play a part in this destruction, and in the consequent uplifting of the people.-Theodore Roosevelt, in speech at Minneapolis, September 2, 1901.

If, following the clear precepts of duty, territory falls to us, and the welfare of an alien people requires our guidance and protection, who will shirk from the responsibility, grave though it may be? Can we leave these people, who, by the fortunes of war and our own acts, are helpless and without government, to chaos and anarchy, after we have destroyed the only government they have had?-President McKinley, at Savannah, Ga., December 17,

TRADE WITH INSULAR TERRITORY.

BENEFITS TO

COMMERCE BY THE

ANNEXATION OF HAWAII AND ACQUISITION OF PORTO RICO AND THE PHILIPPINES.

The benefits to the producers and consumers of the United States which have already accrued from the annexation of Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines in their increased consumption of our products and increased supply of the tropical articles for which the United States formerly sent its money into foreign countries, are readily seen in a study of the figures of the commerce with those islands since annexation, compared with that of preceding years. The control of the United States over Porto Rico dates from about August 1, 1898, and the Porto Rican act abolishing 85 per cent of the duty on goods passing between the United States and Porto Rico went into effect May 1, 1900; the remaining 15 per cent of the duty was removed July 25, 1901. The Hawaiian Islands have had practical freedom of interchange with the United States since the reciprocity treaty of 1876, and in the early part of 1897 applied for admission to the United States. On July 7, 1898, the joint resolution annexing the islands became a law and on August 12 of that year the islands were formally transferred to the United States.

On April 27, 1900, an act was passed providing a territorial form of government for the Hawaiian Islands, making them a customs district of the United States and removing the duties on the few articles of interchange that were not already free of duty under the reciprocity treaty. The Philippine Islands came under the control of the United States by the surrender of the city of Manila August 13, 1898, and by the treaty with Spain December 12, 1893. No change was made in the tariff relations with the United States, however, until March 8, 1902, when a law was enacted making a reduction of 25 per cent in the duties on merchandise entering the United States from the Philippines, though merchandise from the United States still pay the same rate of duty in the Philippine Islands as do those from foreign countries.

The fact that control of the United States over each of these islands began in 1898 seems to justify a study of the commerce with them beginning with the fiscal year 1897. Accurate figures for eleven months of the fiscal year 1902 have already been received and the figures for the month of June have been carefully estimated.

Porto Rico.

The following table shows the commerce of the

United States with Porto Rico from 1897 to 1902:

*May and June estimated.

Porto Rico, it appears, has increased its supply of tropical articles for the markets of the United States from a little over two million dollars in 1897 to seven millions in 1902, and has meantime increased its purchases of our merchandise from a little less than two million dollars to ten millions. The chief articles which it supplies our markets are fruits, coffee, sugar, tobacco, hides, perfumery, and manufactures of straw and palm leaf. In exchange it takes from the United States cotton manufactures, manufactures of iron and steel, manufactures of leather, manufactures of wood, chemicals, drugs and medicines, breadstuffs, provisions, fish, vegetables, mineral oil, and coal. The sales of Porto Rico to the United States have more than trebled, while its purchases from the United States are about five times as much in 1902 as in 1897.

Hawaii. The following table shows the commerce with the Hawajian Islands since 1897, the figures of exports in 1901 and 1902 being necessarily estimates, by reason of the fact that no statistics of the shipments to those islands have been obtainable since they became a customs district of the United States:

Commerce of the United States with the Hawaiian Islands, 1897 to 1902.

The contributions of the Hawaiian Islands to the requirements of the United States have, it appears, practically doubled since 1897 and their purchases of products of the United States are apparently about four times as much as in 1897. The chief articles