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The following table is compiled from the reports of county superintendents made October 1, 1891:

There is little change among these schools during the year. As a rule they are supported by religious denominations or societies. The most notable exception is the Goss Military Institute, at Roswell, conducted by Col. Robert S. Goss. This is a boarding school for boys, and, though located at a point 75 miles from any railroad, yet by its excellence it has been able to draw students from long distances. It is successful even beyond the expectations of its founders.

The Christian Brothers (Roman Catholic) continue to carry on their institutions at Santa Fe, Las Vegas, and Bernalillo. St. Michael's College, at Santa Fe, deserves special mention, as it was the pioneer educational institution of high grade in the Territory, having been established in 1859. It is entirely self-supporting and new buildings have been added from time to time as the increase in students required. It is under the official charge of Brother Botulph, who is also a member of the Territorial board of public instruction. Its curriculum embraces the usual preparatory and commercial branches, as well as French, Spanish, German, drawing, typewriting, phonography, telegraphy, chemistry, assaying, and instrumental music. This college is fre quented by students not only from the Territory, but also from the adjoining States and Territories and from the Republic of Mexico. It possesses a valuable mineral cabinet, containing specimens from nearly every mine of importance in the Territory, a complete chemical laboratory, and a well-known assay department.

The La Salle Institute, at Las Vegas, has about 100 scholars, and the Bernalillo school, 135.

6422- 3

Total.

Males.

Females.

Total.

At the Bernalillo school there is also a contract school for Indian girls, at which 80 are being educated.

The Sisters of Charity carry on the following institutions:

The following is the report of the schools carried on by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions:

The Rev. Thomas Harwood, superintendent, adds as follows:

The public schools at several places, under the nonsectarian school law, are doing so well, and teachers so competent, that we thought it best not to weaken the public schools by opening a mission school. This was the case at Taos, Donna Ana, and a few other places.

The New West Educational Commission, which has done a great work in New Mexico, reports the following institutions:

The Southern Methodists continue to carry on the seminary at Las Vegas with good success. This institution had the misfortune of a visitation by fire, but it has kept on its course with unabated energy.

INDIANS.

There is little that is new on this subject, and I may refer to my previous reports which have stated the general conditions with substantial accuracy.

PUEBLOS.

There is no change, worthy of mention, among these industrious and interesting people. I have visited a number of the villages during the year and am personally familiar with 18 of the 19 pueblos in New Mexico. Some friction has arisen in Cochiti and San Yldefonso between ancient customs and modern ideas, and some very difficult questions have arisen between individual rights and communal authority. Such questions will be more likely to increase than to decrease as the years go by, and the Pueblos should be supplied with the best counsel to meet such cases. Their local government is probably as perfect as any that exists in the world. While its methods would be impracticable in large communities, they are admirably adapted to the circumstances of these people. This system has come down from time immemorial and has been perfected by the experience of ages. But now it sometimes comes into rough conflict with the laws established by the Territorial authority. By custom each pueblo is permitted to elect its officers and govern itself, as it has done for centuries past, but by law it is simply a part of some precinct and under the jurisdiction of

the local justice of the peace, in whose election the Indians take no part. It is a very rare thing for a Pueblo Indian to defy the authorities of his people and appeal to the alien justice of the peace, but he always has the legal right so to do, and in such a case much friction and difficulty naturally occurs. To smooth over such cases requires great tact and good judgment. All that the Pueblos really require of an agent is counsel and advice; but they need that very frequently, and for that reason their agent should always be accessible. This is impossible under the present arrangement. It is therefore very necessary that their agency should be separated from any other. I will recur to this subject again shortly.

Mr. J. H. Robertson, the Pueblo and Jicarilla agent, makes the following statement under date of August 22, 1892:

These people are certainly improving their condition in every respect, and with the present efficient school system their progress in educational matters is very noticeable. There has been a considerable amount of new ground broken this season and planted in different kinds of grain. They are increasing their herds in a very satisfactory manner. Their health has been good for the last year, and in my opinion the Pueblo Indians have increased in numbers, no epidemic appearing among them during the past year.

The attendance of their children at school during the last ten months has been very satisfactory indeed; in a great many instances the older people and parents are beginning to realize that education is their only safeguard. It is contemplated by the Government to open more schools among these people in the near future.

NAVAJOES.

There is nothing to be added to previous reports as to these Indians. The same complaints are constantly made as to the number of the tribe who live outside of their reservation, and there seems to be no doubt of the facts. It is to be hoped that the reckless men, who have several times jeopardized the lives and property of the whole surrounding community by illegally entering the reservation in search of fabulous mines, will now be satisfied by the report of the commission appointed by the President to investigate into the mineral character of that region, and will desist from further intrusion.

APACHES.

The Mescaleros are unaltered in their condition. The recent change of agent at their reservation has prevented me from obtaining any statistics, but they would not differ materially from those heretofore presented.

As to the Jicarillas, an important question arises. In my last report I said:

The Jicarilla Apaches have been connected with the Southern Ute Agency for some years, and as this arrangement had unsatisfactory results those specially interested in their welfare were anxious that that connection should cease, and that they should be united with the Pueblo Agency. This change was made on July 1, but it is now apparent that the only satisfactory arrangement possible is to give them a separate agency. The Pueblo Agency can not be removed from Santa Fé, but the pecuniary responsibility of the agent is almost entirely in connection with the Apache Agency at Dulce. The Jicarillas number 721, and are therefore better entitled by their numbers to an agent of their own than the Mescaleros, who number but 462. Concurring in what seems now to be a universal opinion among all conversant with the subject, I recommend that the Jicarilla Apache Agency be made independent, with an agent of its own.

Time has only strengthened this opinion. The pecuniary responsi bility of the agent is with the Jicarillas, at Dulce. There is a considerable building in progress, rations and goods are distributed, and the

agent should be present to secure himself from loss and responsibility. But the Pueblos ought not to be neglected. Their officials are constantly coming to Santa Fe for advice in view of the new order of things surrounding them. They need wise counsel. While they were self-reliant, as well as excellently governed, when first seen by European eyes, long years of subjection have had the effect of making them depend largely on the advice of white officials. The custom of our own Government has been to treat them as wards and has thus continued this feeling of dependence. Their agent should always be accessible at the capital to give the needed counsel and advice. This can only be done by having one agent for the Jicarillas and another for the Pueblos. There is no difference of opinion on this subject among those interested in the subject here, and there can not be in the minds of any who investigate it. The small additional expense is not worthy of a thought when we consider the dangers and difficulties that may arise from a continuance of the present system. I earnestly recommend that the proposed reform be adopted without delay, and a separate agency be established for the Jicarilla Apaches.

INDIAN SCHOOLS.

There are two Government Indian schools: Fisk Institute, at Albuuerque, and Dawes Institute, at Santa Fe.

Regarding the former, Superintendent Creager furnishes the followng report:

Although we work at a great disadvantage in small, crowded rooms, yet the school made very rapid advancement in all the grades. It is really surprising to note the improvement made by these Indian boys and girls. They write letters that are composed and written better than some letters I have received from teachers who apply for positions in the school. They are good not only in school, but also in the industries. Among the boys of this school are to be found skilled carpenters, shoemakers, harnessmakers, tailors, painters, and farmers.

No year in the history of this school, or probably any other Indian school, can show more evidences of material progress made than has been made this year in this school.

When you were here at the dedication of our new school building you saw some of the results of the labor of the boys of this school. You may well be proud of the results of this school, for it certainly speaks well for your Territory. In reference to the trades it stands second to none in the service.

The carpenter, with the boys detailed to him, has done the carpentry work on the new quarters for the girls, and also that of the new school building, besides all the repairing about the buildings.

The shoeshop boys have made 800 pairs of shoes and repaired 800 during the year. The harness-shop boys made 38 sets of harness, 105 bridles, 180 halters, besides the repairing.

The tailor-shop boys made 214 pantaloons, 156 coats, 187 vests, and 299 pairs of drawers.

The boys and girls have been trained to manipulate successfully the steam laundry; they manage the engine and all the machinery necessary to run a complete steamlaundry plant.

As to Dawes Institute, Superintendent Cart says:

This school was opened for the reception of pupils on the 15th of November, 1890. The number has increased from 9 children to an attendance of 175.

Since the school opened several new buildings have been erected, including a bakery, laundry, and workshops, etc.