Where only what they needs must do appear'd, Not what they would? what praise could they receive? What pleasure I from such obedience paid, When will and reason (reason also is choice) Useless and vain, of freedom both despoil'd, Made passive both, had serv'd necessity, Not me? They therefore as to right belong'd, So were created, nor can justly accuse Their Maker, or their making, or their fate, As if predestination overrul'd
Their will, dispos'd by absolute decree
Or high foreknowledge; they themselves decreed Their own revolt, not I; if I foreknew,
Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault, Which had no less prov'd certain unforeknown. So without least impulse or shadow of fate Or ought by me immutably foreseen, They trespass, authors to themselves in all Both what they judge and what they choose; for so I form'd them free, and free they must remain, Till they inthral themselves; I else must change Their nature, and revoke the high decree Unchangeable, eternal, which ordain'd
Their freedom, they themselves ordain'd their fall; The first sort by their own suggestion fell, Self-tempted, self-deprav'd: Man falls, deceiv'd By th' other first: Man therefore shall find grace, The other none: in mercy and justice both, Through heav'n and earth, so shall my glory excel: But mercy first and last shall brightest shine.
Thus while God spake, ambrosial fragrance fill'd All heav'n, and in the bless'd Spirits elect Sense of new joy ineffable diffus'd: Beyond compare the Son of God was seen Most glorious; in him all his Father shone Substantially express'd, and in his face Divine compassion visibly appear'd,
Love without end and without measure grace, Which uttering thus he to his Father spake :
O Father, gracious was that word which clos'd Thy sov'reign sentence, that Man should find grace; For which both heav'n and earth shall high extol Thy praises, with th' innumerable sound
Of hymns and sacred songs, wherewith thy throne Encompass'd shall resound thee ever blest. For should Man finally be lost, should Man, Thy creature late so lov'd, thy youngest son, Fall circumvented thus by fraud, though join'd With his own folly? that be from thee far, That far be from thee, Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right. Or shall the Adversary thus obtain
His end, and frustrate thine? shall he fulfil His malice, and thy goodness bring to naught, Or proud return, though to his heavier doom, Yet with revenge accomplish'd, and to hell Draw after him the whole race of mankind By him corrupted? or wilt thou thyself Abolish thy creation, and unmake
For him what for thy glory thou hast made? So should thy goodness and thy greatness both Be question'd, and blasphem'd without defence. To whom the great Creator thus reply'd: O Son, in whom my soul hath chief delight, Son of my bosom, Son who art alone My word, my wisdom, and effectual might, All hast thou spoken as my thoughts are, all As my eternal purpose hath decreed: Man shall not quite be lost, but sav'd who will, Yet not of will in him, but grace in me Freely vouchsaf'd; once more I will renew His lapsed pow'rs, though forfeit, and inthrall'd By sin, to foul exorbitant desires;
Upheld by me yet once more he shall stand On even ground against his mortal foe, By me upheld, that he may know how frail His fall'n condition is, and to me owe All his deliverance; and to none but me.
Some I have chosen of peculiar grace Elect above the rest; so is my will:
The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warn'd Their sinful state, and to appease betimes Th' incensed Deity, while offer'd grace Invites; for I will clear their senses dark, What may suffice, and soften stony hearts To pray, repent, and bring obedience due. To pray'r, repentance, and obed'ence due, Though but endeavour'd with sincere intent, Mine ear shall not be slow, mine eye not shut. And I will place within them as a guide My umpire, conscience, whom if they will hear, Light after light well us'd they shall attain, And to the end persisting, safe arrive.
This my long sufferance and my day of grace They who neglect and scorn, shall never taste; But hard be harden'd, blind be blinded more, That they may stumble on, and deeper fall; And none but such from mercy I exclude. But yet all is not done; Man disobeying, Disloyal breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven, Affecting godhead, and so losing all, To expiate his treason hath naught left, But to destruction sacred and devote, He with his whole posterity must die, Die he, or justice must; unless for him Some other able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death.
Say heav'nly Pow'rs where shall we find such love? Which of ye will be mortal to redeem
Man's mortal crime, and just th' unjust to save ? Dwell's in all heaven charity so dear?
He ask'd, but all the heav'nly choir stood mute, And silence was in heav'n; on man's behalf Patron or intercessor none appear'd,
Much less that durst upon his own head draw The deadly forfeiture, and ransom set.
And now without redemption all mankind
Must have been lost, adjudg'd to Death and hell By doom severe, had not the Son of God,
In whom the fulness dwells of love divine, His dearest mediation thus renew'd.
Father thy word is past, man shall find grace; And shall grace not find means, that finds her way, The speediest of thy winged messengers, To visit all thy creatures, and to all
Comes unprevented, unimplor'd, unsought? Happy for man, so coming; he her aid Can never seek, once dead in sins and lost; Atonement for himself or offering meet; Indebted and undone, hath none to bring; Behold me then; me for him, life for life I offer; on me let thine anger fall; Account me Man; I for his sake will leave Thy bosom, and this glory next to thee Freely put off, and for him lastly die
Well pleased; on me let Death wreck all his rage; Under his gloomy pow'r I shall not long Lie vanquish'd; thou hast giv'n me to possess Life in myself for ever; by thee I live, Though now to Death I yield, and am his due All that of me can die; yet that debt paid, Thou wilt not leave me in the loathsome grave His prey, nor suffer my unspotted soul For ever with corruption there to dwell; But I shall rise victorious, and subdue My vanquisher, spoil'd of his vaunted spoil; Death his death's wound shall then receive, and stoop Inglorious, of his mortal sting disarm'd.
I through the ample air in triumph high
Shall lead hell captive, maugre hell, and show The Pow'rs of darkness bound. Thou at the sight
Pleas'd out of heaven shall look down and smile, While by thee rais'd I ruin all my foes,
Death last, and with his carcass glut the grave⚫ Then with the multitude of my redeem'd
Shall enter heav'n long absent, and return, Father, to see thy face wherein no cloud Of anger shall remain, but peace assur'd And reconcilement; wrath shall be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire.
His words here ended, but his meek aspect Silent yet spake, and breath'd immortal love To mortal men, above which only shone Filial obedience: as a sacrifice
Glad to be offer'd he attends the will
Of his great Father. Admiration seiz'd
All heav'n, what this might mean, and whither tend Wond'ring: but soon th' Almighty thus reply'd: O thou in heav'n and earth the only peace Found out for mankind under wrath, O thou My sole complacence! well thou know'st how dear To me are all thy works, nor man the least, Though last created; that for him I spare Thee from my bosom and right hand, to save By losing thee awhile, the whole race lost. Thou therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to thy nature join ; And be thyself man among men on earth, Made flesh, when time shall be, of virgin seed, By wond'rous birth: be thou in Adam's room The head of all mankind, though Adam's son. As in him perish all men, so in thee, As from a second root, shall be restor❜d As many as are restor'd, without thee none. His crime makes guilty all his sons; thy merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own both righteous and unrighteous deeds, And live in thee transplanted, and from thee Receive new life. So man, as is most just, Shall satisfy for man, be judg'd and die, And dying rise, and rising with him raise His brethren, ransom'd with his own dear life. So heav'nly love shall outdo hellish hate, Giving to death, and dying to redeem,
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