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over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel; namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side.

Second. A bright white light aft to show all around the horizon and higher than the white light forward.

Third. On the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side. On the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side. The said side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens of sufficient height so set as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

(c) Motorboats of classes 2 and 3, when propelled by sail and machinery, or by sail alone, shall carry the colored side lights, suitably screened, but not the white lights prescribed by this section: Provided, however, That motorboats of all classes, when so propelled, shall carry, ready at hand, a lantern or flashlight showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to avert collision: Provided further, That motorboats of classes A and 1, when so propelled, shall not be required to carry the combined lantern prescribed by subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Every white light prescribed by this section shall be of such character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles. Every colored light prescribed by this section shall be of such character as to be visible at a distance of at least one mile. The word "visible" in this Act, when applied to lights, shall mean visible on a dark night with clear atmosphere.

Whistles

SEC. 4. Every motorboat of class, 1, 2, or 3, shall be provided with an efficient whistle or other sound-producing mechanical appliance.

Bells

SEC. 5. Every motorboat of class 2 or 3 shall be provided with an efficient bell.

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Exemptions for outboard racing motorboats

SEC. 9. The provisions of sections 4, 5, and 8 of this Act shall not apply to motorboats propelled by outboard motors while competing in any race previously arranged and announced or, if such boats be designed and intended solely for racing, while engaged in such navigation as is incidental to the tuning up of the boats and engines for the race.

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Pilot rules not required

SEC. 12. Motorboats shall not be required to carry on board copies of the pilot rules.

Negligent operation

SEC. 13. No person shall operate any motorboat or any vessel in a reckless or negligent manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any person.

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Authority to arrest for negligent operation

SEC. 15. Any officer of the United States authorized to enforce the navigation laws of the United States, shall have power and authority to swear out process and to arrest and take into custody, with or without process, any person who may commit any act or offense prohibited by section 13, or who may violate any provision of said section: Provided, That no person shall be arrested without process for any offense not committed in the presence of some one of the aforesaid officials: Provided further, That whenever an arrest is made under the provisions of this Act, the person so arrested shall be brought forthwith before a commissioner, judge, or court of the United States for examination of the offense alleged against him, and such commissioner, judge, or court shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by law in cases of crimes against the United States.

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SEC. 17. The Board of Supervising Inspectors 2 with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce 2 shall establish all necessary regulations. required to carry out in the most effective manner all of the provisions of this Act, and such regulations when approved by the Secretary of Commerce 2 shall have the force of law. The Secretary of Commerce 2 or any officer of the Department of Commerce authorized by the Secretary of Commerce 2 may, upon application therefor, remit or mitigate any fine, penalty, or forfeiture incurred under this Act or any regulation thereunder relating to motorboats or vessels, except the penalties provided for in section 14 hereunder. The Secretary of Commerce shall establish such regulations as may be necessary to secure the enforcement of the provisions of this Act by any officer of the United States authorized to enforce the navigation laws of the United States.

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Exemptions

SEC. 18. The proviso contained in the last paragraph of section 2 of the Act of May 11, 1918 (40 Stat. 549), shall apply also with like force and effect to motorboats as defined in this Act.

Motorboats as defined in this Act are hereby exempted from the provisions of Revised Statutes 4399, as amended (48 Stat. 125).

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2 Under Executive Order No. 9083, dated February 28, 1942 (7 F. R. 1609), all the functions of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, and the functions of the Secretary of Commerce under this Act are transferred to the Commandant, U. S. Coast Guard.

Sec.

TITLE 33-NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS

Chapter III-Coast Guard: Inspection and Navigation

PART 312-PILOT RULES FOR INLAND WATERS

vessel under way; risk of col-
lision.

Sec.

312.01 General instructions.

312.02 Definition of steam vessel and

312.03 Signals.

312.1 Danger signal.

312.2 Cross signals.

Situations.

312.3 Vessels passing each other.

312.4 Vessels approaching each other
head and head, end on.
312.5 Vessels nearing bend or curve
in channel; moving from docks.
312.6 Vessels running in same direc-
tion; overtaking vessel.

312.7 Vessels approaching each other
at right angles or obliquely.
312.8 Meeting of steam and sailing ves-
sels; right of way.

312.9 Avoidance of crossing ahead. 312.10 Keeping to right in narrow channels.

312.11 Departure from rules. 312.12 Fog signals.

312.13 Speed in fog; posting of rules; diagrams.

312.19

312.20

312.21

312.22

merged object upon a hawser when no signals are displayed upon the object which is towed. Steamers, derrick boats, lighters, or other types of vessels made fast alongside a wreck, or moored over a wreck which is on the bottom or partly submerged, or which may be drifting.

Dredges held in stationary position by moorings or spuds. Self-propelling suction dredges under way with their suction on the bottom.

Vessels moored or anchored and engaged in laying pipe or operating on submarine construction or excavation. 312.23 Vessels moored or at anchor. 312.24 Lights to be displayed on pipe lines.

312.25 Passing signals.

312.26 Speed of vessels passing float-
ing plant working in channels.
312.27 Light-draft vessels passing float-
ing plant.

Rules for lights for certain
classes of vessels navigating
harbors, rivers, and inland 312.28 Aids to navigation marking
waters, except Great Lakes
floating-plant moorings.
and their connecting and trib-
Obstruction of channel by float-
utary waters as far east as
ing plant.
Montreal and the Red River

of the North, and rivers
emptying into the Gulf of
Mexico and their tributaries.
312.14 Lights; time for.
312.15 Ferryboats.
312.16 Lights for barges and canal
boats in tow of steam vessels
on certain inland waters on
the seaboard, except the Hudson
River and adjacent waters and
Lake Champlain.

312.17 Lights for barges and canal
boats in tow of steam vessels
on the Hudson River and ad-
jacent waters and Lake
Champlain.

Lights and day signals for ves-
sels, dredges of all types, and
vessels working on wrecks and
obstructions, etc.

312.18 Signals to be displayed by a
towing vessel when towing a
or partly sub-

submerged

312.29

312.30 Protection of marks placed for
the guidance of floating plant.
312.31 Clearing of channels.
312.32 Lights for rafts and other
water craft operating by hand
power, horsepower, or cur-
rent.

Signals, day or night, at an-
chor or under way, United
States Coast and Geodetic Sur-
vey vessels.

312.33 Special signals for vessels employed in hydrographic surveying.

312.34

Unauthorized use of lights; un

necessary whistling.

Rule relating to the use of searchlights or other blinding lights.

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Section 312.01 General instructions.-The regulations in this part govern pilots of vessels propelled by steam, gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric motors, and of others vessels propelled by machinery, navigating the harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States, except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, the Red River of the North, and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries.1

312.02 Definition of steam vessel and vessel under way; risk of collision.—In the rules in this part the words "steam vessel" shall include any vessel propelled by machinery. A vessel is under way, within the meaning of the rules in this part, when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.

312.03 Signals. The whistle signals provided in the rules in this part shall be sounded on an efficient whistle or siren sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam.

A short blast of the whistle shall mean a blast of about one second's duration.

A prolonged blast of the whistle shall mean a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds' duration.

One short blast of the whistle signifies intention to direct course to own starboard, except when two steam vessels are approaching each other at right angles or obliquely, when it signifies intention of steam vessel which is to starboard of the other to hold course and speed. Two short blasts of the whistle signify intention to direct course to own port.

Three short blasts of the whistle shall mean, "My engines are going at full speed astern."

When vessels are in sight of one another a steam vessel under way whose engines are going at full speed astern shall indicate that fact by three short blasts on the whistle.

312.1 Danger signal. If, when steam vessels are approaching each other, either vessel fails to understand the course or intention of the other, from any cause, the vessel so in doubt shall immediately signify the same by giving several short and rapid blasts, not less than four, of the steam whistle, the danger signal. (Former Pilot Rule I.)

Cross signals.-Steam vessels are forbidden to use what has become technically known among pilots as "cross signals," that is, answering one whistle with two, and answering two whistles with one. (Former Pilot Rule II.)

312.3 Vessels passing each other. The signals for passing, by the blowing of the whistle, shall be given and answered by pilots, in compliance with the rules in this part, not only when meeting "head and head," or nearly so, but at all times when the steam vessels are in sight of each other, when passing or meeting at a distance within half a mile of each other, and whether passing to the starboard or port. The whistle signals provided in the rules in this part for steam vessels meeting, passing, or overtaking are never to be used except when steam vessels are in sight of each other, and the course and

188 312.01 to 312.36, inclusive (with the exception noted in the text for § 312.32), issued under the authority contained in sec. 2, 30 Stat. 102, 38 Stat. 381; 33 U. S. C. 157; and Executive Order 9083, dated February 28, 1942 (7 F. R. 1609).

position of each can be determined in the daytime by a sight of the vessel itself, or by night by seeing its signal lights. In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rainstorms, when vessels cannot so see each other, fog signals only must be given. (Former Pilot Rule III.)

SITUATIONS

312.4 Vessels approaching each other head and head, end on.When steam vessels are approaching each other head and head, that is, end on, or nearly so, it shall be the duty of each to pass on the port side of the other; and either vessel shall give, as a signal of her intention one short and distinct blast of her whistle, which the other vessel shall answer promptly by a similar blast of her whistle, and thereupon such vessels shall pass on the port side of each other. But if the courses of such vessels are so far on the starboard of each other as not to be considered as meeting head and head, either vessel shall immediately give two short and distinct blasts of her whistle, which the other vessel shall answer promptly by two similar blasts of her whistle, and they shall pass on the starboard side of each other. The foregoing only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own, and by night to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

It does not apply by day to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course, or by night to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light or a green light without a red light is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead. (Former Pilot Rule IV.)

312.5 Vessels nearing bend or curve in channel; moving from docks. Whenever a steam vessel is nearing a short bend or curve in the channel, where, from the height of the banks or other cause, a steam vessel approaching from the opposite direction cannot be seen for a distance of half a mile, such steam vessel, when she shall have arrived within half a mile of such curve or bend, shall give a signal by one long blast of the steam whistle, which signal shall be answered by a similar blast, given by any approaching steam vessel that may be within hearing. Should such signal be so answered by a steam vessel upon the farther side of such bend, then the usual signals for meeting and passing shall immediately be given and answered; but, if the first alarm signal of such vessel be not answered, she is to consider the channel clear and govern herself accordingly. When steam vessels are moved from their docks or berths, and other boats are liable to pass from any direction toward them, they shall give the same signal as in the case of vessels meeting at a bend, but immediately after clearing the berths so as to be fully in sight they shall be governed by the steering and sailing rules. (Former Pilot Rule V.)

312.6 Vessels running in same direction; overtaking vessel.When steam vessels are running in the same direction, and the vessel which is astern shall desire to pass on the right or starboard hand

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