206 Proceedings of France and Spain refpeting Portugal.

concurred, in confequence of general directions, that he fhould confider the intereft of Spain as the interest of France, to the following effect:

It is not in the King of Portugal's power to contribute to a peace, except by exerting his force to compel the English to listen to reasonable pro- A pofals of accommodation, which they have hitherto despised, and this he is now invited to do.

The defenfive alliances of Portugal and England, are not fo innocent as pretended, nor are they reasonable obftacles against the alliance proposed with France and Spain.

B

They are not innocent, because, tho' called defenfive only, they become in reality offenfive from the fituation of the Portuguese dominions, and the nature of the English power; for the English fquadrons cannot keep the feas in all feafons, or cruize on the principal C coafts for cutting off the French and Spanish navigation, without the ports and affiftance of Portugal: nor would the English be able to infult all maratime Europe, if the whole riches of Portugal did not país into their hands; Portugal, therefore, furnishes England D with the means of making war, confequently the alliance of Portugal with England is offenfive.

Neither is it a just obstacle against the alliance propofed with France and Spain:

1, Because no alliance is obligatory against fhaking off a yoke which one nation would lay upon another, and England is far advanced in a project of laying a yoke upon Portugal.

2dly, Portugal has received an offence from England, for England attacked a French fquadron in one of the ports of Portugal, which gives Portugal a right to declare war againft England if fuitable fatisfaction is not made; & if fatisfaction has been made to Portugal, without a restitution of the French hips, France has a right to declare war against Portugal.

declare, that, without further reprefentations, on their part, or any confent on the part of Portugal, the Spanish troops, already on the frontiers, will enter Portugal, and advance till they fhall obtain, that the ports of Portugal fhall not be in the difpofal of the enemy: It remains, therefore, fay they, for his Portuguese majefty to chufe whether he will receive those troops as allies, or refuse them entrance, and oppofe them as enemies; if the latter, Spain will take all poffible precautions, believing their fufpicions well foun ded, that Portugal will march against them with English forces, and endeavour to obftruct their juft defigns.

On the 5th of April, the court of Portugal, in answer to this reply, obferves, that the declaration made in it by the minifters of France and Spain, "That if Portugal did not comply with their requifition, (notwithstanding the reafons fhe had urged against it,) the Spanish troops, which had already marched to the frontiers, should enter into the King of Portugal's country, to feize his ports, and hut them up, and that no choice was left to his majefty, but either to receive them as friends, or treat them as enemies, was moft furprizing and unexpected; but that he will, nevertheless, keep his treaties with England, which he thinks it unlawful to violate. It is also obferved, that if no treaty is defenfive from which the parties derive advanE tages, which naturally ftrengthen their hands against an enemy, there can be no fuch thing as a defenfive treaty, the motives and intention of all treaties being the acquifition of fuch advantages.

F

His Portugucfe majefty acknowledges that his want of experienced officers being notorious, he has invited over Lord Tyrawly, and fome other English officers, to exercife his troops, in which he has done nothing more than has been commonly done by all fovereigns in general, without raifing any fufpicion, or diftruft: He acknowledges alfo, that he has received reparation from the King of Great Britain, for the attack of the French fleet in one of the ports of Portugal; he adds, that he has demanded reftitution of the French fhips, which he thinks it more Hlikely to obtain from the friendship of his Britannick majesty, at a convenient opportunity, than by a precipitate war, which, on the contrary, may render the reftitution impracticable.

France and Spain do not complain of Portugal for putting her ports in a G state of defence, but of the preference given to England to fend fuccours to Portugal for that purpofe; if the English had been convinced that the preparations of Portugal were only against thofe who fhould offend against its neutrality, they would not have contributed to them with fo much good will.

Upon the whole, the minifters of France and Spain infift upon a compliance with the demand made in the memorial of the 16th of March, and

For thefe reafons, his Portuguefe m jefty

Account of new Acquifitions in the West Indies.

jeity hopes the King of Spain will not give an example, which, if followed, would end in the deftruction of mankind, by attacking a neutral power, merely because it has defenfive treaties with powers at war: And he de- A clares, that, if the Spanish troops enter Portugal under any pretence, he will reprefs an invafion fo violent and unexpected, by force, and with his own troops, joined to those of his allies, do his utmoft to fupport his neutrality, which is the only object for which they shall be employed.

B

Finally, his majesty declares, that it would affect him lefs to fee the laft ftone of his palace overturned, and the laft drop of blood in his dominions fhed, than by such extraordinary means to be made an unheard of example to all pacific powers, who will no longer be able to enjoy the benefit C of neutrality whenever a war fhall be kindled between any other powers with whom they are connected by defenfive treaties.

Extract of a Letter from Major General Monckton to the Earl of Egremont, dated at St Peter's in the land of Mar- D tinico, March 18, 1762. Received the 28th of April, by Capt. Wood.

I

Had the honour of writing to you the 27th of last month, by Captain Ricaut, one of my aids de camp, who failed from hence the 1ft inftant, in his majesty's ship the Zephir. (See p. 162.)

I have now the honour of acquainting you of the furrender of the island of Grenada, with its dependencies, on the 5th inftant, to the fhips of war and troops, which the Admiral and I fent for its reduction, under Commodore Swanton, and Brig. Gen. Walsh. The fame terms of capitulation were granted, as the citadel of Fort Royal and this ifland had. Inclofed is a copy of Brig. Gen. Walb's letter.

By the account our engineers give of the fituation of the fort in this ifland, and the intrenched hills above it, the enemy might have defended it a long time, although their whole force confifted chiefly in Inhabitants and Freebooters. There were but a very small number of foldiers.

As the island of Grenada is now reduced, I have ordered Brig. Walsh from the Granades, leaving the 95th regi

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207

I have now, my Lord, to acquaint you, that on the 8th inftant, a French fleet appeared to windward of this ifland off Trinity, and the fame evening fent a boat to the fhore, with an officer in it, to get intelligence. They did not land, but fpoke to a Frenchman and fome negroes that were at work in a field. They lay to, and stood to wind ward until about one o'clock on the roth, when they ftood before the wind, and came almost within cannon shot of Trinity; infomuch that Major Gordon Graham, who commanded there with the fecond battalion of Royal Highlanders, thought they were going to land; but they changed their course, and ftood for the island of Dominique. The Admiral immediately, on receiving the account of the enemy's fleet being to windward, got under fail, and went in fearch of the enemy, but was not lucky enough to meet with them.

This, my Lord, will be delivered to you by Capt. Wood of the 98th regiment, whom I had appointed as an additional aid de camp, on being joined at Barbadoes by the troops from Belleifle. Ifhould not do him the justice due to his merit, did I not acquaint your lordship that he is very deferving of his majefty's favour.

Copy of a Letter from Brig. Gen. Walsh
to Major Gen. Monckton.
SIR, Ile of Granade, March 6, 1762.
Have the pleasure to congratulate
you on the entire rectuction of this
ifland, together with the Grenadillas
and their dependencies, to the obedi-
ence of his majesty.

I arrived here the 3d inftant with the troops under my command; and according to your orders, and in conjunction with Commodore Swanton, I fent Lieut. Col. Scott the fame day on fhore, to fummon the governor, with the troops and inhabitants to furrender, and accept the favourable terms you were pleased to offer them. They had been fummoned by Commodore Swanton to fubmit, before my arrival, but they declined it; however, upon being made fenfible of your clemency, and the risk they ran if they continued obftinate, the inhabitants thought proper to take the benefit of the capitulation, and accordingly figned it, the night before lalt.

inent there, to take poffeffen of St H They abandoned a very strong and

Vincent's; and I am fending a detachment from hence to take poffeflion of St Lucia, where there is a fort, but none at St Vincent's.

advantageous poft, commanding the fort, which the governor, with the Regulars and Freebuters, had determined to defend. I landed yesterday at day

break

208

Defcription of the Granadas.

break with the grenadiers, light infantry, and 27th regiment, and got poffeffion of a favourable poft. The governor, finding himself abandoned by the inhabitants, and the communication with the counry and every fupply A cut off, fubmitted without firing a gun; fo that this valuable conqueft has not coft us a single man.

HUNT WALSH.

Account of the Island of GRANADA. "HIS ifland, which is the nearest B of all the French Carribbees, to the Spanish province of New Andalufa in South America, lies S. W. of Barbadoes; its form refembles a crefcent, being in length between nine and ten leagues, and about half as many broad where wideft.

The first inhabitants were native C Carribbeans, who are faid to have been tempted to settle here in greater numbers than in any other Carribbee iflands, on account of the fertility of the foil, and the great plenty of fifh and game.

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Its maritime coaft is mountainous, particularly about the Port of St Lewis, but in other parts the country is more level, and affords the neceffaries of life in great abundance, as well as good travelling. Its air alfo is reckoned healthy, and the fruits and timber trees which grow here, are faid to be fuperior to thofe of the other iflands, the cocoa alone excepted, which does not thrive near fo well. Among the latter, that called the Latin Tree is more especially noted by travellers, on account of the ftraitness and tallnefs of the trunk, and the fan-like form of the leaves, with which the inhabitants cover their houses. The F principal food of the inhabitants con.ifts of wild-fowl, cattle, and armadillos, the flesh of the last of which is reckoned by them equal to the best mutton. Tortoifes alfo and lamantins are found here in great plenty, together with partridges, wood-pigeons, ortolans, thrushes, parrots, &c. and in G a river near a foundation of Dominicans, about ten miles from Port Lewis, are cels, mullets, and craw-fish in plenty. The other products of the ifland are fugar, ginger, indico, tobacco, peafe and millet.

Port Lewis, above-mentioned, ftands on the western part of Granada, in the H centre of a fine bay, having a fandy bottom. It is faid, that the harbour alone will contain upwards of 100 veffels, of 1000 tons each, clofe moored

to the fhore, and in the bay, at leaft
1000 fhips may ride fafe from storms.
The bafon too, which is feparated
from the harbour by a fand-bank,
might be made capable of containing
a great number of fhipping; but for
want of a cut through the faid bank,
large vessels are obliged to be brought
round within a few paces of a small
mountain at the mouth of the harbour.:
About half a mile from this mountain
is a fecond, of nearly the fame big-
nefs, on which a regular ftone fort has
been built, with half moons, and o-
ther works of defence. Between the
harbour alfo and bason, is another fort
of wood, 25 feet in diameter, and
ftrengthened with a ftrong palifado of
whole trees. The first mountain like-
wife, under which fhips are obliged to
país, is defended by batteries. At the
two corners of the wooden fort, front-
ing the fea, are two pavillions, one of
which is the refidence of the gover-
nor. The church of St Lewis is but
a mean building, being, for the most
part, compofed of canes, fupported by
prongs. In this inland are many ex-
cellent falt-pits, with feveral beauti-
ful vales and rivers of fine water, the
laft of which mostly derive their fource
from a large lake on the top of a high
mountain, about the middle of the i-
fland. The rivers all form little har-
bours at their entrance into the sea,
many of which are fortified, and yield
good anchorage. They all too, more
or lefs, enable the inhabitants to carry
on their traffick, being convenient for
the mooring of hips and the unlading
of goods. This, with its natural pro-
duce, renders it a very defirable acqui-
fition ; and another circumftance,
which adds not a little to the value of
Granada, is, that all the year round it
is free from those dreadful hurricanes
which most of the other islands between
the Tropics are so subject to.

COPY of Dr WARD'S WILL.
Extracted from the Registry of the Prero-
gative Court of Canterbury.
Jobua Ward of Whitehall, do make

this my laft will & teftament, whereby, as in duty bound, I return my most humble and hearty thanks to Almighty God for the manifold bleffings received from him in the courfe of my life. As alfo for all the good and benefit which others may have received thro' my weak endeavours, hoping fuch, as well as myfelf, will afcribe it to his holy name. I quit this world with a

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Qu. on Human Sacrifices. 209

reduced to a fine powder had been ftrewed about; at least it appeared fo to me on horseback, and I observed the fame thing as I rode by fome thickets of trees and shrubs,and on fome plowed fields. Being curious to know what they really were, I defired the fervant that accompanied me to alight, and examine the fnow. He told me, that the black spots which I perceived were fleas; and, having taken up and fhewn me a handful of the fnow, I was furprized to find it full of them. I then difmounted myself, and faw a prodigious number of them in different parts, and jumping away to avoid, as it were, being caught. Several were buried deep in the fnow, but all alive. When I came to my journey's end, having reported this ftrange phænomenon to the gentleman I had business with, he told me, that fome years ago, he had obferved the fame thing himself in fome fnow which had fallen, and was pretty deep; and that at another time he had feen worms in fnow, but could give me no juft idea of their form.

I am, Sir, Yours, &c. A. B.

*

210 Cure for the Head-Ach.-Queries about Linnen Paper.

4th, Whether they were not moft prevalent in thofe countries which were the leaft civilized?

5th, Whether we know of where they were forbidden?

any

nation

6th, Whether it was not a natural
inference, from the command given by
God to Abraham to offer up his fon, A
that fuch an offering (in fome very ex-
traordinary cases) was in itself allowa-
ble, if not praife-worthy; tho' in that
particular inftance, the Deity was plea-
fed to difpenfe with Abraham's compli-
ance, fatisfied with the proof the Pa-
triarch had given of his readiness to
obey even the hartheft order of his B
God?-I mean, whether fuch an infe-
rence was not a natural one for a neigh-
bouring heathen to make, who might
come to the knowledge of the fact,
and who must be fuppofed unacquaint-
ed with the reasons that occafioned

the command? Nay, farther, whether C
a Heathen in fuch a fituation, might not
fuppofe fuch an offering acceptable to
the Deity?

Yours, &c.

PHILALITHES.

Cafe of a Lady tormented with a violent
Head-Ach: With the Cure.

Lady, about years of age, had
A been upwards of a month, tor-

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ented with an almoft infupportable
pain in her head, which had refifted all
the remedies I thought proper in her
cafe; fo that, having exhaufted all the
refources of medicine, I had recourse
to leeches, a remedy feldom employed,
though I was well acquainted with its
efficacy. They had not been applied
above twice, when that obftinate pain
of her head was mitigated, and the
foon found herself perfectly cured.
During the use of the remedy, the per- F
ceived, that, as long as the leeches
drew blood of a bright red colour, the
did not find herself in the least eased;
but that when, by continuing to fuck,
they drew a black and vifcid blood,
fhe immediately found herself deli-
livered from her pain.

G

The first idea I had of the utility of
the application of leeches, was from
perufing the literary acts of Sweden,
where I found the cafe of one of the
military officers of that nation, who
had been attacked by fo violent a pain
in his head, that it fometimes occafi-
oned the lofs of his reafon. The most H
able phyficians of Sweden ufed their
beft endeavours, but unfuccessfully,
to procure him fome ease. Atlaft, the
violence of his pains continuing, fome-
body propofed to him fome leeches,

and applied them to the temporal ar teries, from whence they had no fooner fucked out a certain quantity of black and melancholic blood, but the pains were affuaged. The fame officer experienced on another occafion the benefit of this remedy: A defluxion of black bile had caused a swelling in his tongue, which could not be diffipated by the ufual remedies; his tongue was hard, dry, without motion throughout one half of its length, and confequently incapable of its ordinary functions; but, the fuction of the leeches having extracted the thick vifcid humour, the patient intirely recovered. J. S. M. D.

Mr URBAN,

MR Gerard Meerman, Penfionary

of Rotterdam, being defirous of difcovering the time when our common paper made of linnen rags, &c. was first used, has published a Memoir thereon, in the Bibliotheque des Sciences for October, November, and December 1761, p. 444, art. 12, and imagines its firit conftant ufe may be fought between the year 1270 and 1302.

He, therefore, invites the learned of Europe, especially librarians, recordkeepers, c. to fearch for all antient manufcripts, diplomas, grants, and records, &c. wrote or printed on common or linnen paper; and, if they find any, to notify, with great exactness, the title of fuck manufcript, &c. its kept, always being very cautious, that date, and the place where it is now it is this common paper,and of no other kind; and, if they will fend their memoirs or accounts before January or February 1763 to him at Rotterdam, he will then range them in a journal like afterwards publith them; but to that manner, with the author's names, and author who difcovers the antienteft manufcript or record-paper, 'which shall be really proved and confirmed so to be, he will give a reward of 25 gold ducats (about 9s. 6d. each) which thall be paid to the winner in money, or in books to that value, according as he

likes belt, or chufes.

EMANUEL MENDES DA COSTA.
Ses 101.1763. p. 237.
Remedies against the Cramp. In Answer
to a Requeft in our last, p. 172.

THE

HE cramp is produced by an obftruction in fome of the veffels of the part affected, which renders the motion of the blood through them flower than it ought to be, and whatever brings the blood to flow freely again, puts an end to it.

A gentle