that are now on the market, and for which the claim is made that they are soluble in the scouring solution. That is just one item of the work we are doing under that activity. We are also doing a good deal of work in fiber study, for the purpose of determining more specifically than it has been determined before the actual basis in fiber quality, dimensions, and so forth, for our wool standards. Then, of course, our people do a great deal of work in demonstrating these standards and in demonstrating methods of handling wool most advantageously. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES Mr. BUCHANAN. What have you to say on the item of general administrative expenses? For necessary expenses for general administrative purposes, including the salary of chief of bureau and other personal services in the District of Columbia, $267,750. Mr. OLSEN. The following is submitted: The reduction of $20,340 is explained as follows: (a) There is a reduction of $1,440 due to compulsory retirements under Section 204 of the economy act. Since there is an apparent increase of $800 by transfer from "Salaries, Office of the Secretary," which has been correspondingly reduced, as pro rata supply handling charges for 1934, the actual reduction is $1,440. (b) $19,700 reduction on account of continuation of legislative furlough. WORK UNDER THIS APPROPRIATION The work under this appropriation covers the general administration of the work of the entire bureau. It includes the activities of the chief and assistant chiefs in formulating general policies to be acted upon by the various divisions of the bureau, as well as the direction and general supervision of all of the research, service, and regulatory work. In addition, direct supervision is exercised over all of the various service units connected with the business administration of the bureau. That appropriation has not been increased. There is a decrease in the estimate of $20,340, mostly for the continuation of the furlough. But that appropriation has remained stationary during these years, when the appropriations for the bureau as a whole have increased, and when the administrative load has increased enormously. (Page 325 of the Committee Print and 171 of the explanatory notes.) Mr. BUCHANAN. That appropriation has not increased? Mr. OLSEN. It is not increased. PURCHASE OF AUTOMOBILES Mr. BUCHANAN. There is some new language here: And not to exceed $22,200 shall be available for the purchase of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles necessary in the conduct of field work outside the District of Columbia. Mr. OLSEN. The language authorizing and limiting the expenditure for purchase of passenger-carrying vehicles is submitted in connection with the total for the bureau in order to provide for consideration of this item at the same time the general estimates of the bureau are under consideration. The estimate for 1934 is $22,200, which is the same amount as the purchase authorization of the bureau from the general departmental authorization for 1933. Mr. BUCHANAN. I notice you want 56 new cars. those cars are in exchange? How many of Miss CLARK. Forty-nine of them are to be exchanged and seven are new. Mr. BUCHANAN. What is the average cost per car that you are supposed to pay? Miss CLARK. About $400. Mr. BUCHANAN. Four hundred? It must be a little over that. Mr. BUCHANAN. With the trade-in; yes. The gross cost here is $28,050 for the 56 cars. That includes the trade-in value, does it? Miss CLARK. Yes, sir; that includes the trade-in value; $22,200 is the authorization for which we are asking. Mr. BUCHANAN. That would make it just about $500 a car? Mr. BUCHANAN. What will you do with these seven new cars? Mr. KITCHEN. We expect to use two of them in connection with the inspection of fruits and vegetables at Hartford, Conn., and Minneapolis, Minn. Two will be used on meat grading work;_one at Kansas City, and one in the National Stock Yards at East St. Louis. At East St. Louis the car will be used by two men. It now costs about $25 a month for them to pay street-car fares and bridge tolls to the various packing houses that are widely scattered, and with a car they can use the free bridge. One car will be used in San Francisco in connection with the livestock market news and meat grading work. There, also, the packing houses are from one to five miles from the office, and it is frequently necessary for our representatives to go to South San Francisco, which is about 16 miles from our office. The other two cars are to be used in connection with the administration of the warehouse act, one at Atlanta, Ga., and one at Wichita, Kans. At Atlanta, Ga., we have 14 warehouse examiners and three cars. So many of the busses and local trains have been discontinued that it really is a very great economy for our men to travel with automobiles. It is also a great saving in time. Mr. BUCHANAN. How many cars has your bureau all together? Mr. KITCHEN. It will have on July 1, 1933, a total of 162, and with the seven additional cars covered by the 1934 estimate we will have a total of 171 at the end of the fiscal year 1934. Mr. BUCHANAN. Most of these cars are used in this regulatory work, are they not? Mr. KITCHEN. In the regulatory and service work; yes, sir. Very few cars are used in connection with the research work. Mr. SANDLIN. Have you decided whether you want to put a limit on this depression? Seriously, I hope you can do that. Mr. OLSEN. That is a sizable order. Mr. SANDLIN. I understand it is. That is the reason I want to help on it. Mr. BUCHANAN. The question was primarily one of remedies for the agricultural situation, you know. Mr. OLSEN. You see, your time is very limited here. You have got to have your record of the testimony in here right away. It is really giving us too short a time. Mr. BUCHANAN. Oh, you have been studying this thing for about six months or a year, and under the Senate resolutions, too. Mr. OLSEN. You had better let us think about it some more. MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1932. BUREAU OF HOME ECONOMICS STATEMENTS OF DR. LOUISE STANLEY, CHIEF; MRS. LENNAH CURTISS ZENS, ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT; MISS HILDEGARDE KNEELAND, CHIEF, DIVISION OF ECONOMICS; AND MISS RUTH O'BRIEN, CHIEF, DIVISION OF TEXTILES AND CLOTHING SALARIES AND GENERAL EXPENSES Mr. BUCHANAN. We take up this morning the estimates for the Bureau of Home Economics. The first item is for general administrative expenses, as follows: General administrative expenses: For necessary expenses for general administrative purposes, including the salary of chief of bureau and other special services in the District of Columbia, $26,049. Doctor STANLEY. The following statement is presented for the record: WORK UNDER THIS APPROPRIATION The activities under this appropriation include (1) the office of the chief of bureau, (2) the business office of the bureau where all general administrative activities of the bureau, such as personnel, accounts, budget, correspondence, and bureau files, are handled, and (3) the bureau library. Mr. BUCHANAN. The current appropriation for this purpose is $27,900. There is an apparent increase of $1,851 in these estimates. Doctor STANLEY. That is a decrease of $1,851. Mr. BUCHANAN. Is that on account of the legislative furlough? Doctor STANLEY. No, sir; I do not think it is entirely due to the legislative furlough. We have a straight decrease in that item. Mr. SANDLIN. There is a decrease of $2,092 on account of the continuation of the legislative furlough, and there appears to be an increase of $241 by a transfer from "Salaries, office of the Secretary." That makes up the difference. Doctor STANLEY. Our reduction on account of the legislative furlough is $2,092, and there is an apparent increase of $241 by reason of a transfer from the appropriation for "Salaries, office of the Secretary." HOME-ECONOMICS INVESTIGATION Mr. BUCHANAN. The next item is as follows: Home-economics investigations: For conducting, either independently or in cooperation with other agencies, investigations of the relative utility and economy of agricultural products for food, clothing, and other uses in the home, with special suggestions of plans and methods for the more effective utilization of such products for these purposes, and for disseminating useful information on this subject, including travel and all other necessary expenses, $186,700. Your current appropriation for this purpose is $205,465, and your estimate for 1934 is $186,700. Doctor STANLEY. The following statement is submitted in explanation of this estimate: There is an increase of $500 and a decrease of $18,765 against this appropriation. The apparent increase of $500 is by transfer from "Salaries, Office of the Secretary," which has been correspondingly reduced, as pro rata of supply handling for 1934, and it has been distributed among the projects under this appropriation. This makes a total net decrease of $4,965 which has been pro rated equally against all projects in order to maintain as closely as possible the continuity of work throughout the bureau. $13,800 reduction on account of continuation of legislative furlough. WORK UNDER THIS APPROPRIATION The research work of the department in the field of home economics is conducted under this appropriation. No field stations are maintained, the work all being done in Washington. The investigations now under way relate to: Home economics information. The dissemination of results of home economics research in both technical and popular forms so that all groups requesting information on the utilization of food, textiles, and other products of agriculture, and on standards of living may receive full benefit of the work of the bureau. Foods and nutrition investigations.-(1) Analyzing methods of preparation of food with a view to originating, improving, and standardizing processes; (2) establishing the relation between variety, quality, and nutritive value of foods and their uses in food preparation; (3) determining the elements which enter into food quality and the methods of detecting and measuring these, and in cooperation with producing groups investigating the influence of variety, breed, and their productive factors on edible quality; (4) determining the value of foods in human nutrition, how the nutritive value may be altered by different methods of production, and the effect of handling, cooking, and other methods of preparation on the nutritive value; (5) collecting, evaluating, and summarizing data on the composition of all classes of foods, for the use of workers in the field of foods and nutrition; (6) a study of equipment for institutional cookery, methods of preparation, and service of foods; (7) determining the efficiency of different types of household equipment under varying conditions as a guide to selection and use. Household management and standards of living.—(1) Collection and analyses of facts which will serve as a basis for determining the adequacy of the living standards maintained by different groups in the population; (2) furnishing the factual background needed in the preparation of budgets to provide homemakers, teachers, and social workers with material on the satisfactory administration of family income; (3) preparing material on household budgeting and accounting and on purchasing from the consumers' standpoint, to guide homemakers in making the best possible use of the family's resources; (4) determining the kind, amounts, and money value of the food materials consumed by different groups of the population, to provide information for improving the healthfulness and economy of the diet of the American people; (5) a study of the efficient use of time and money in performing the work of the home. Textiles and clothing investigations.-(1) Determining the relative value of different varieties, grades, and staple lengths of cotton; (2) improving methods of utilization and care of cotton fabrics in the home; (3) originating new fabrics to meet specific household needs at various economic levels; (4) demonstrating to homemakers efficient methods of utilizing American-grown cotton; (5) a study of the relative usefulness of different kinds and grades of the wool, mohair, and other animal fibers which are, and can be, produced in this country, and the relative merits of the fibers, when used in fabrics alone and in combination, in order to determine the fiber best adapted for different consumer uses. Mr. BUCHANAN. According to this statement, there is a decrease of $18,765. Doctor STANLEY. That includes the legislative furlough. There is an apparent increase of $500 because of a transfer from "Salaries, office of the Secretary." Mr. BUCHANAN. It is $4,965, I believe. Mr. JUMP. There is an actual decrease of $4,965 in the working fund. Mr. BUCHANAN. Is there some statement you would like to make in regard to this work, Doctor Stanley? GENERAL STATEMENT Doctor STANLEY. I would like, first of all, to make a general statement about the work of the bureau. I think you gentlemen know pretty well the type of work we are doing. The Bureau of Home Economics is a research bureau, and it studies problems that are concerned with the improvement of home conditions and the methods of applying scientific facts to the improvement of home living. The problems with which the bureau has been primarily concerned may be grouped under three divisions: First, those which have to do with food and its uses; second, the problems having to do with the study of textile fibers and fabrics and their uses in the home; and, third, a study of the economic problems of the home, such as living standards, the influence of the income and the use of farm materials and the labor resources of the home on living standards, study of typical budgets directing the expenditure of money and labor resources of the home, and food consumption trends. There has been a greater demand during the past year for the services of the bureau than there has been at any previous time in its history. Home makers trying to make one dollar do the work of two, and social workers, teachers, and extension workers who are responsible for the guidance and help for groups of home makers need help on household budgets and choices for food and clothing. The Red Cross and other national and State agencies responsible for relief have asked for help with budgets and some direction as to how the amount allotted for food should be spent so as to provide as adequately as possible for the needs of nutrition, and, in that way, prevent the breakdown of health which is likely to follow such periods of economic disaster. Agricultural groups have needed information as to possible outlets for surplus products and special grades of a commodity that were piling up and failing to bear their part of the cost of production. Producers and manufacturers have asked for information on the qualities most desired in their products by the consumers so as to reduce production losses. The bureau has been able to meet most of these requests for help. Over one million copies of its material on low-cost food have been distributed, mostly during the past year and almost entirely on request. The service which the bureau has been able to render has been possible because of its basic research program. This program must remain unimpaired, if this service is to continue. I would like the opportunity to explain our research program in foods and nutrition, leaving the representatives of the other two divisions to explain their work. NUTRITION STUDIES We have divided the work in foods and nutrition into three sections, first, I will speak of the nutrition work itself. Fundamental in guiding the wise use of foods is the science of nutrition. The Department of Agriculture has been responsible for many years for |