tance from a house, but not close by. I dislike flowers being kept on the verandah, and am not partial to luxuriant tropical gardens, irrigated from numerous wells and cisterns. Better have an open grassy 'compound.'

The Indian house, with its spacious, airy rooms and whitewashed walls and ceilings, and its large compound and distant servants' quarters, is the ideal to be always approached. Compare with this the damp wooden shanties of Sierra Leone, crowded together and opening directly on the street, and we shall understand why the latter place has been called 'the white man's grave.' Mosquitoes love damp and dark rooms as much as they hate light and airy ones.

XVIII. FACTORIES AND PLANTATIONS

The rules for keeping these free of fever are simply those already given, and may be summed up as follows:

The European employés must sleep in mosquito nets. Punkahs or electric fans should be freely provided. All stagnant water should be removed for some distance round, or should be protected against mosquitoes. If this cannot be done, or if it does not suffice, the windows should be thoroughly screened with wire gauze. The quarters of native servants or employés should be placed at a distance. Rank vegetation should be cleared. Infected employés should be thoroughly treated with quinine.

In large isolated factories I recommend that two or three intelligent natives be constantly employed in keeping the whole place free from mosquitoes-in draining and filling up puddles, clearing watercourses

and ponds, and so on. The cost of labour in the tropics is generally only about twelve pounds per annum per head; and two or three men will work wonders even in a few months. Where several factories are placed close together they should combine to maintain an effective 'mosquito brigade' under the supervision of one of the European employés.

The same principle should be employed for hospitals, barracks, gaols, etc.

XIX. MUNICIPAL PRECAUTIONS

This is a very large subject, and cannot be studied in this little work-which aims at helping only the individual; but full details will be found in my work on Mosquito Brigades

That work also contains full accounts of the antimalaria campaigns carried on at Hong Kong and New York; by Sir William MacGregor and Dr. Strachan at Lagos; by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Sir Charles King Harman at Sierra Leone; and by the Americans and Major Gorgas in Havana. In the last place malaria has been reduced to a half, yellow fever has been banished, and mosquitoes reduced by 90 per cent.

A similar campaign is just about to be started by the Government of the Gambia in Bathurst, where Dr. Dutton, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, has studied the disease-bearing mosquitoes; and by the Governor of the Gold Coast, Major Nathan, assisted by a delegate of the same School, in that Colony. And I venture to say that in a few years active operations against malaria will be undertaken in all the malarious towns of tropical British or American possessions.

I advise all influential people in such towns to help towards this end by urging upon their local governments the necessity for undertaking these operations. For instance, those who are annoyed by mosquitoes coming from outside their own premises should complain to the municipality. If the municipality takes no action, a few intelligent people can easily raise a subscription and hire a gang of men to keep down the mosquitoes in their neighbourhood-as described in the book referred to.

The idea that malaria is caused by a miasm which rises from marshes and the ground, baseless as it is, has given rise to a number of precautions which are not only useless but actually prejudicial to the health of those who adopt them. Impelled by this old superstition—and it is nothing more-many people do the most outrageous and unnatural things in the hope of escaping infection. Some swaddle themselves in flannel in the hottest weather. Others refuse to go out in the cool of the evening for fear of the 'malarial mists'—regardless of the fact that if the germs are in the air outside a house, they are sure to find their way into the air inside the house as well. Others shut up all the windows directly there is a cooling breeze; others refuse to take exercise, and die of 'liver' for fear of dying of fever. Others again think that they can exclude the germs by means of alcohol. A man once informed me that he got his fever from eating pineapples; another that he was sure to have an attack if he had forgotten to say his prayers. overnight! A common notion appears to be that in order to escape the disease one must do the most unnatural things it is possible to do.

Needless to say, the reader should throw such ideas to the winds. Wear as light flannel clothing as is comfortable or possible; but always change after exercise. Join in every out-door sport, and take as much exercise as you can. Enjoy every breeze that blows, and be in the open as much as possible. Eat and drink in moderation. Take only those precautions which science enjoins, and in other respects live as naturally and healthily as you can.

When a person has become infected with malarial fever, he must obey the two following golden rules:1. Send for the doctor.

2. Do as he orders.

I may as well take the opportunity to inform the reader of a fact which, perhaps, he does not know. Unless he is a doctor-well, he is not a doctor. Even if he has taken the trouble to read this book, he has not thereby become an accomplished physician. To speak plainly, if he is sick he had better abandon the notion that he can treat himself as well as the doctor can.

Another hint-which the patient will find really invaluable. Do not distrust the physician, whoever he is; do not argue with him; do not question the correctness of his diagnosis and treatment; do not fancy that you cannot take this or that medicine. I can simply assure the reader that physicians much prefer having to treat a sensible man with a severe illness than a fool with a slight one. Merely state the facts about your case and obey.

Everyone should be taught how to prevent disease, because everyone can understand the simple rules re