Rubble masonry in mortar in river retaining walls, 36,397 cubic yards, at $5.. Rubble masonry in mortar in canal walls, lining portion in sand or Rubble masonry in mortar in special wall between canal and river Concrete lining bottom of canal in sand or gravel (1 foot thick), Protection of bottom of canal against upward pressure during high Two sluice gates to flush canal, at $5,000 each Protection of canal from drifting and blowing sand, reclaiming about Six foot swing bridges across canal to fisheries, at $1,000 each Cost of Celilo lock, complete, exclusive of excavation for locks and Cost of middle lock near head of Five Mile Rapids, exclusive of excavation for lock and quarters for lock hands... Cost of tandem lock at Big Eddy, exclusive of excavation and quarters for lock hands Shops, storehouses, tools, etc.. Quarters for lock hands, 7 sets, at $2,500 each Total Engineering, inspection, and contingencies, 20 per cent. Total cost. Summary of cost. Improvement of Three Mile Rapids (taken same as in the Harts's project) Canal and locks between Celilo and Big Eddy. Land, rights of way at all points, and damage to fisheries and railroad. Total $152, 448.00 3,868, 883. 46 100,000.00 4, 121, 331. 46 The Board desires to express its high appreciation of the able, energetic, and satisfactory manner in which Major Langfitt has performed the work requested of him. Respectfully submitted. REPORT OF MAJ. W. C. LANGFITT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS. UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, Portland, Oreg., October 12, 1903. COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report on survey for continuous canal between Celilo, Oreg., and Big Eddy, Columbia River, submitted in compliance with first indorsement, dated Office Chief of Engineers, May 23, 1903, on letter of the Board, dated May 14, 1903. The information desired by the Board is contained in the following extract from this letter: The Board accordingly requests that Major Langfitt be instructed to make a detailed survey of the ground on which this canal would be located, to select the best or final line for the canal, and to make a detailed estimate of the cost of constructing it, with such plans of important elements of the project as will be required for said estimate. The right of way that would have to be acquired should be indicated on the map, and the cost of right of way and of any damages to private interests should be estimated as closely as possible. The canal should be taken as 65 feet wide at bottom and 8 feet deep; the locks, as 40 feet wide and 250 feet long between hollow quoins, with 7 feet of water on the miter sills. Survey. To obtain this information and make the estimates required practically a new survey throughout the whole length of the proposed route was necessary. The beginning of the field work was somewhat delayed by high water, but it was finally completed September 11, 1903. The maps, estimates, etc., were completed this date. The topography of the ground in the vicinity of the proposed canal was carefully taken and the most suitable line was run in the field. Cross sections were taken at varying distances apart, depending on character of ground, but never more than 100 feet, for the calculation of quantities. The line began at Big Eddy and the stations. were numbered consecutively to Celilo. In the rocky stretch from Big Eddy to the head of Five-mile Rapids, the cross sections were extended to comprise all the ground between the railroad and the river, as throughout this distance a choice of several alternate routes was possible. Above Five-mile Rapids the location was simpler. The five river gauges located between Celilo and The Dalles, in about the same places as were the gauges used in the survey of 1879, were read daily, and for a part of the time three times a day during the continuance of the survey. The elevation of the water surface when the river is at the 38-foot stage at Cascade Locks (limit of practicable navigation) was carefully established, this being especially important, as it determines the height to which it is necessary to build the river retaining walls along the side of the canal. As confirming this reference as to limit of navigation, it may be noted that the two river steamers failed to reach Cascade Locks from below after several attempts on June 6, 1903, the river being at the 39.4-foot stage at the Cascades. The elevation of this line as now determined is about 4 feet higher than that shown on profile of Captain Hart's project. All elevations obtained were referred to the datum plane of survey of 1879. Enough borings were made in the sand and pits dug in the gravel to determine the nature of the foundation of the canal and walls. General description of proposed line. The route finally selected, and on which the estimate herewith is based, commences in the rock on the Oregon shore at a point just below Big Eddy and runs along the rocky ground between the railroad and the river. At the head of Five-mile Rapids it passes into sand and gravel for a distance of about 12,400 feet, where rock is again encountered and through which it continues for about 7,900 feet until it enters the second stretch of sand and gravel at the "Willows." At the head of Ten-mile Rapids, about 6,400 feet above the "Willows," the line strikes the basalt again and keeps on between the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company's track and the river until finally the low place just below Celilo Falls is reached. Here it is proposed to wall off the canal from the river by a high masonry wall founded on rock. This special wall will form a large basin in the canal. From this basin the canal passes into the upper lock, and finally enters the river in the rock and gravel just above Celilo Falls. The total length of this line will be about 45,000 feet. It will not destroy any of the existing fish wheels or seining grounds, but means of access to them over the canal are provided for in the estimate. Neither will the proposed canal necessitate any diversion of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company's tracks, but a retaining wall will probably be required along the railroad embankment for about 1,000 feet between stations Nos. 61 and 71, where the canal hugs it near the head of Five-mile Rapids. Passing places.-Throughout the length of the canal, and situated about one mile apart, basins are provided for of sufficient size to admit of boats passing one another. In order to save excavation in their construction, where possible, these chambers are to be formed by widening the canal where the ground is already more or less below grade. Curvature. The minimum curvature adopted, except at unusually wide places, is limited to a radius of 955 feet, and boats that can pass through the locks should have no great difficulty in making fair speed. Elevations and water levels.—From data obtained from survey of 1879, adopted extreme low water at the lower end of the canal is found to be at reference (9) and the elevation of the same stage immediately above Celilo Falls is at reference (89), a difference of 80 feet. As the canal is to obtain its water supply from the Columbia River immediately above Celilo Falls, the elevation of the water level in the canal at extreme low water can not exceed reference (89), and as it is desirable to keep the canal as high as possible in the upper portion to reduce the height of the river retaining walls, reference (89) is adopted for the elevation of the water surface at extreme low water from Celilo to a short distance below the head of Five-mile Rapids, a distance of about 7 miles. Here a single lock drops the elevation to reference (78), which is carried until it is brought down by the tandem locks at the lower entrance to the level of the river at the foot of Big Eddy. The walls of the upper line of the canal and the middle lock are raised sufficiently so that an elevation of the water surface to reference (93) may be allowed between the Celilo and Middle locks. This is chiefly to counterbalance a possible upward pressure under the bottom lining of the canal where it is situated in porous sand or gravel, which would otherwise be caused when the river approaches the limit of navigation by percolation through the permeable foundation. This arrangement also obviates the necessity of lockage at the upper entrance until the river at Celilo is above reference (93), and at the same time gives an increase of depth a large part of the time in the long upper level. Flooding of canal.-The average summer high waters of the Columbia River will completely overflow the canal. To regulate the entrance of the flood water as the river reaches the stage of 38 feet at Cascade locks, so that it shall not come over the walls toward its upstream end first, the slope of the river retaining walls is made somewhat greater than that of the water surface corresponding to this 38-foot stage, thus allowing the flood water to enter the canal first at the lower end of both sections. Sluiceways. For the purpose of sluicing out of the canal into the river any sand or river sediment which may become deposited in it, two openings, closed with suitable steel gates, are provided in the rock or river walls, one near Ten-mile Rapids and the other just below the head of Five-mile Rapids. Locks. The elevation of the river surface just above Celilo Falls rises to reference (106.3) when the stage is 38 feet at Cascade locks. The plan provides for a lock at the upper entrance, just above Celilo Falls, with a capacity of lift of 17 feet to pass boats between the canal and river until the limit of navigation is reached. Another lock is to be situated just below the head of Five-mile Rapids, with a lift of 11 feet. At the lower entrance is to be a tandem lock to overcome a total lift of 69 feet at times of extreme low water, each lock to have a lift of 34 feet. All the locks are to be 40 feet wide and capable of passing boats 250 feet long. The locks were designed by Mr. Chas. F. Walthers, assistant engineer, who has also made the estimate of their cost. They are to be of concrete with steel gates, and are all founded in the solid basaltic rock. The valves are of the cylindrical type, and the gates are designed to be opened and closed by hand by rack and pinion. Canal lining.-Where the canal is situated in sand or gravel it is proposed to line it on the sides with masonry walls in mortar, 2 to 3 feet wide on top, with batter on one side of 2 on 1. The bottom is to be lined with concrete 1 foot thick. Lining was not thought necessary for sections in solid rock. As a relief against possible upward hydrostatic pressure on the concrete bottom of the canal at stage of the river approaching the limit of navigation in that stretch of the canal next above Ten-mile Rapids, two rows of 6-inch diameter tile drain pipe are to be laid under the concrete with T joints and iron weep valves at intervals opening into the canal. Walls. Where situated on rock the walls are designed to be of rubble masonry in mortar, and to be carried up at least 2 feet above either the water level in the canal or the level of the river outside at the limit of navigation. All walls are given an ample factor of stability against any possible pressure to which they may be subjected. A high wall, as already stated, is required just below Celilo Falls. It will be about 1,200 feet long and founded on rock at low water by building a low cofferdam. The foundation of this wall is not expected to be below reference (58) at any point, and its top is to be at reference (106). A shorter special wall opposite station 27+50 to station 31 will have to be as high as 80 feet in one place to reach a rock foundation. Both of these special walls are itemized separately in this estimate. Protection of canal where it leaves the rock and passes into the sand, especially just above Five-mile Rapids and Ten-mile Rapids.-At Fivemile Rapids it is proposed to carry the outside lining wall down from 20 to 24 feet to rock or gravel foundation. The sand between the canal and river will be thoroughly riprapped, and in the most exposed places hand paved with waste rock from excavations. For purposes of estimate the outside wall was carried down below the canal bottom its full width, but without batter. This gives a stronger wall than is necessary for a core wall only, and yet hardly strong enough for a retaining wall if all the sand on the outside of it should be washed away. It is believed that the riprapping will prevent this, especially as there is but little, if any, current at higher stages when the river reaches or covers the protection. The part of the canal where it leaves the rock just above Ten-mile Rapids is also in sand of very great but unknown depth, but it is thought that the canal can be made secure by riprapping and paving the river bank in the manner just described. The canal, for the few hundred feet where these conditions exist, could of course be supported on a grillage founded on piles, but estimate on this plan was not made. The current of the river at both of these places is checked at high stages by the gorges at Ten-mile and Five-mile Rapids, and at low stages the walls are completely uncovered. The other two places where the canal leaves the rock and enters the sand are at greater distance from the river, and can be protected with a less amount of ordinary riprap. Wooden lining and fenders.-That part of the canal in rock cuts of considerable height was estimated to have 1 foot extra of rock removed from each side and to be lined with heavy wooden fenders fastened at intervals to the rock. Protection of the canal against blowing and drifting sand.-The rapid drifting of the sand under the influence of the violent winds which prevail, especially in the spring and autumn, if not controlled will be a serious obstacle to maintenance of the canal throughout the two sand and gravelly stretches. The test pits dug during the survey filled very rapidly with sand. It is thought, however, that by irrigating the sand by means of movable pumps, taking water from the canal itself, that the greater part, or at least a wide strip on each side of the line, can be reclaimed and support a growth of grass, bushes, and willows, and thus arrest the sand movement into the canal. The total area of the sand between the railroad and river does not exceed 850 acres, which it would seem possible to take care of for a reasonable expense. Dimension of canal prism.-The canal prism is taken at 65 feet wide on the bottom, and in figuring the quantities a slope of 4 on 1 was allowed for rock cuts, and in the sandy portion a proper allowance was made for extra excavation for side walls and concrete lining. The canal is designed to be 8 feet deep at low water, with 7 feet over the miter sills. A grade of about 1 foot is given the bottom between the Celilo and Middle locks. Prices.—In making the estimate the unit prices as fixed by the Board were used. One dollar per cubic yard, however, was added to the cost of the two high masonry walls, to cover extra expense in founding them. Accessories.-Among the accessories, 7 sets of quarters for lock hands were included, also storehouses and tools and a swing footbridge at every fishery isolated by the canal, as well as one wagon bridge leading to Seufert Brothers' seining ground, just below Tum Water. Drawings.-The following drawings have been prepared, viz: A ENG 1904- -219 |